Making innovation policy work : learning from experimentation PDF
Preview Making innovation policy work : learning from experimentation
Making innovation Policy Work Learning froM exPeriMentation Making innovation Policy Contents Chapter 1. M aking innovation policy work: The benefits and lessons of experimental G Work innovation policy Chapter 2. N ew open economy industrial policy: Making choices without Learning froM exPeriMentation picking winners N Chapter 3. “ Bottom of the pyramid” innovation and pro-poor growth NediNted by Mark a. Dutz, Yevgeny Kuznetsov, esperanza Lasagabaster and Dirk Pilat Chapter 4. I nnovation for the “base of the pyramid”: Developing a framework for O I policy experimentation N Chapter 5. I ncubating the incubation cycle: Two approaches to promoting EI techno-entrepreneurship in weak institutional environments P T Chapter 6. S upporting affordable biotechnology innovations: Learning from global M HI EA collaboration and local experience ak R VEXPERIMENTATION in S Chapter 7. Fostering innovation for green growth: Learning from policy experimentation g RO in RA GREENY Chapter 8. Making evaluations count: Toward more informed policy no U N C Chapter 9. S caling up and sustaining experimental innovation policies with limited v G a resources: Peripheral Schumpeterian development agencies tio EE N IL n N P I O o LEARNING lic ELBOTTOM OF THE PYRAMID P y RINNOVATION W o P r k E L R e a r T n LEARNING in N NINCLUSIVE GROWTH g f r G o E YLEARNING M T ex PERFORMANCE NGERIYN P ON E eriM TATIIROEOSPCRI CThoins swuolt rtkh iiss ppuubblliicshaetidon o onn t hlien eO aEtC hDt tipL:ib//rdaxry.d, woih.oicrhg /g1a0t.h1e7r8s7 a/9ll 7O8E9C2D64 b1o8o5k7s3,9 p-eernio.dicals and entation PINCLUOSIVE GLROWITHCGREEYNPERIMENTINOMRED PRILOITO statistical databases. X R N E A Visit www.oecd-ilibrary.org for more information. GHPO G S NNN PERFORMANCEM isbn 978-9922 -26041-21 80388 17 -P2 9HSTCQE*bidihc+ RENEURSHIPILEARNINGREEBONTINNOVATIOTOMO OEFG XTVHPEER PARYRIMAETMEINDIELTEOAARNTNIINNOGNYCILOP P E R NTLEARNINGNINCLUSIVE GROWTH PEPINECLRUOFSIOVE RGLRMOWAITNHCGCREEEYNEXPERIMENTATIONGNIROTINOMGREEPSHARED PROSPERITYEYCILOPRLFEOARRMNAINNCGEMONITORING Making Innovation Policy Work LEARNING FROM EXPERIMENTATION Edited by MarkA. Dutz,Yevgeny Kuznetsov, Esperanza Lasagabaster and Dirk Pilat ThisworkispublishedontheresponsibilityoftheSecretary-GeneraloftheOECD. Theopinionsexpressedandargumentsemployedhereindonotnecessarilyreflect the official views of OECD member countries or theWorld Bank, its Board of ExecutiveDirectors,orofthegovernmentstheyrepresent. Thisdocumentandanymapincludedhereinarewithoutprejudicetothestatusof orsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersand boundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea. ISBN978-92-64-18387-2(print) ISBN978-92-64-18573-9(PDF) The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities.TheuseofsuchdatabytheOECDiswithoutprejudicetothestatusofthe Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in theWest Bank under the terms of internationallaw. CorrigendatoOECDpublicationsmaybefoundonlineat:www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm. ©OECDandtheInternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment/TheWorldBank2014. ThisworkisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives3.0IGOlicense (CCBY-NC-ND3.0IGO)http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/deed.en,youarefreetocopyand redistributethematerial,providedtheuseisfornon-commercialpurposes,underthefollowingconditions: Attribution-Pleasecitetheworkasfollows:OECD/TheWorldBank(2014),MakingInnovationPolicyWork: LearningfromExperimentation,OECDPublishing.http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264185739-en.License:Creative CommonsAttributionCCBY-NC-ND3.0IGO Third-partycontent-TheOECDortheWorldBankdonotnecessarilyowneachcomponentofthecontent containedwithinthework.Therefore,neithertheOECDnortheWorldBankwarrantthattheuseofanythird- partyownedindividualcomponentorpartcontainedintheworkwillnotinfringeontherightsofthosethird parties.Theriskofclaimsresultingfromsuchinfringementrestssolelywithyou.Ifyouwishtore-usea componentofthework,itisyourresponsibilitytodeterminewhetherpermissionisneededforthatre-useand toobtainpermissionfromthecopyrightowner.Examplesofcomponentscaninclude,butarenotlimitedto, tables,figures,orimages. AllrequestsforcommercialuseorqueriesonrightsandlicensesshouldbeaddressedtoOECDe-mail: rights@oecd.org.Requestsforpermissiontophotocopyportionsofthismaterialforcommercialuseshouldbe addresseddirectlytotheCopyrightClearanceCenter(CCC)[email protected]çais d'exploitationdudroitdecopie(CFC)[email protected]. 3 FOREWORD – Foreword Policy makers and development professionals around the world feel a common sense of urgency to reduce inequality and address the needs of the most vulnerable in society, notably the over one billion people who live in extreme poverty. We must have a clear and unforgiving focus on the results that we seek: to end extreme poverty, build shared prosperity, and improve living standards for the world’s poorest people, through inclusive and sustain- able growth. We are all searching for the best global knowledge to solve local prob- lems. We must engage in a rigorous and systematic focus on outcomes and how to achieve them, using the best evidence, data and methods. Yet, if we discover an innovative approach that works in one place, we must adapt it and scale it up in other places, learning from both successes and failures. Our knowledge must be accessible, useable, and relevant to policymakers and development practitioners. This focus on impact and delivery of policy advice is what some are calling a “science of delivery”. Most importantly, sharing our knowledge and results on a website or through reports isn’t enough. We must embed innovation and adaptation in our organizational culture, making it a vigorous part of our work ethic, staff and managerial incentives, and common purpose. This volume draws on the conclusions from the conference “Innovation Policy for Inclusive Growth”, which took place in Rio de Janeiro in October 2011, and was co-hosted by the OECD, the World Bank Group and Brazil’s National Development Bank (BNDES). The report focuses on the important role of “experimentation” in boosting innovation. Experimentation involves designing a portfolio of policies to solve problems step-by-step; monitoring and evaluating intermediate outcomes as rapidly as possible; and constant learning, feedback and adjustment. Critical to the experimentation process is the recognition that policymakers can and should learn from failure. This report also supports multidisciplinary ap- proaches to designing and implementing innovation policy. MAKING INNOVATION POLICY WORK: LEARNING FROM EXPERIMENTATION – © OECD/WORLD BANK 2014 4 – FOREWORD Three new policy domains are examined in detail: inclusive innovation, which can improve the lives of the poor; high-growth entrepreneurship, including its application to health care and nutrition; and green innovation. Experimentation in these three critical areas is under way. The report recommends that we embed monitoring and evaluation in pro- jects, beginning at the design stage in order to improve the quality and effi- ciency of public expenditures supporting innovation policy. It proposes that we cooperate closely with private and non-governmental actors, who are often better placed than governments to identify barriers and areas for productive investment or policy action. It suggests involving agencies and actors on the periphery of policy making to limit capture by vested interests, and to enable more creative and cooperative policies than those emerging from central agencies. Finally, it recommends that we share lessons early and periodically at the global level, as well as collect and deploy more data through rapid feed- back and decision support. We are pleased to present this report as a joint initiative of the OECD and the World Bank. Together, we can scale up innovative policies that contribute to more inclusive and sustainable growth, and that serve the aspirations of the most vulnerable in society, including the more than 1 billion people in extreme poverty who seek an opportunity for a better life. Angel Gurría Jim Yong Kim Secretary-General President OECD The World Bank Group MAKING INNOVATION POLICY WORK: LEARNING FROM EXPERIMENTATION – © OECD/WORLD BANK 2014 5 CONTRIBUTORS – Contributors Dan Breznitz Munk School of Global Affairs and the Department of Political Science, University of Toronto Carl Dahlman OECD Mark A. Dutz The World Bank Bob Hodgson Zernike (United Kingdom) Raphael Kaplinsky Development Policy and Practice, The Open University Yevgeny Kuznetsov Migration Policy Institute and Consultant, The World Bank Esperanza Lasagabaster The World Bank Eric Oldsman Nexus Associates, Inc. Darius Ornston Department of International Affairs, University of Georgia Dirk Pilat OECD Charles Sabel Columbia University K. Vijayaraghavan Sathguru Management Consultants MAKING INNOVATION POLICY WORK: LEARNING FROM EXPERIMENTATION – © OECD/WORLD BANK 2014 6 – ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Acknowledgements This volume was inspired by a technical conference of the World Bank, OECD and Brazil’s National Development Bank (BNDES) on Innovation Policy for Inclusive Growth, held in Rio de Janeiro on 24-25 October 2011. The editors wish to thank Janine Treves and Justin Dupré-Harbord for editorial support; Julia Gregory, Joseph Loux and Martine Zaïda for their support in the publication process; and Sarah Ferguson and Florence Hourtouat for technical support. MAKING INNOVATION POLICY WORK: LEARNING FROM EXPERIMENTATION – © OECD/WORLD BANK 2014 7 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS – Abbreviations and acronyms 3F Friends, family and fools ABLE Association of Biotechnology-Led Enterprises AMC Advance market commitment APOC African Programme for Onchocerciasis AIIMS All India Institute of Medical Sciences AEA American Evaluation Association ARPA-E US Applied Research Projects Agency for Energy AT Appropriate technology AUTM Association of University Technology Managers BIG Biotechnology Ignition Grants BIPP Biotechnology Industry Partnership Programme BIRAC Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council BIRD United States-Israel Binational Industrial Research and Development Foundation BMVSS Bahwan Mahaveer Viklang Sahayate Samiti BOP Base of the pyramid, bottom of the pyramid BPU Bio-processing unit BRICs Brazil, Russia, India and China CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research CIRCE Canada-India Research Center of Excellence CGMP Current good manufacturing practices ComDT Community-directed treatment CRS Contract research scheme CSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial Research DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DFID Department for International Development DBT Department of Biotechnology DSIR Department of Scientific and Industrial Research EMBRAPA Brazilian Agricultural Research Cooperation MAKING INNOVATION POLICY WORK: LEARNING FROM EXPERIMENTATION – © OECD/WORLD BANK 2014 8 – ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ETRI Electronic Technology Research Institute EU European Union EU15 Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom FII Finnish Industry Investment FITs Feed-in-tariffs FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation FDI Foreign direct investment GAO United States General Accountability Office GDP Gross domestic product GE General Electric GPT General purpose technology GSK GlaxoSmithKline GAIN Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition GAVI Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization GPS Global positioning system GPRA Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 HM-HST Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology HACCP Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points HEIs Higher education institutions HTP Horizontal technology policies IAVI International AIDS Vaccine Initiative IBM International Business Machines ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research ICGEB International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics ICT Information and communications technologies IEA International Energy Agency IIT Indian Institute of Technology ICT Information and communication technology ILRAD International Laboratory on Research for Animal Diseases INTA National Agricultural Technology Institute (Argentina) IP Intellectual property IPO Initial public offering IPP Innovation Policy Platform IPRs Intellectual property rights MAKING INNOVATION POLICY WORK: LEARNING FROM EXPERIMENTATION – © OECD/WORLD BANK 2014
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