Table Of Content

MAHARASHTRA STATE GAZETTEERS LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE. ‘sr eragh scans Renda MAHARASHTRA STATE GAZETTEERS By a GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE BOMBAY DIRECTORATE OF GOVERNMERL PRINTING, STATIONERY AND PUBLICATIONS, MAHAKASHIRA STATE wi MAHARASIITRA STATE GAZETTEERS GENEXAL SERIES LANGUAGE AND HaTERATURE CONTRMUTORS PREFACE... INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1: Sawexare anp Paaxart CHAPTER 2; Maratat .. CHAPTER 3: Lbver CHAPTER 4: Guyanr CHAPTER 5+ Saxon, CHAPTER 6: Uap CHAPTER 7: nani CHAPTER 8: Peutan INDEX... GENWRAL, VOLUME LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, CONTRIBUTORS Dr. 8, M. KATRE, Direceor, Deccan College Pyci-CGraduate and Resrarch Unsitute, Pane, skrit und Prakri¢ Prof, K.P KULKARNI, ‘Marathi--A. D, 983 10 A.D. 1600, Dr. 8, G.'TULPULE, MLA, Ph.D, Maratht A.D. 1600 10 A.D, 1860. Prot. A, K. PRTYOLKAR, Marathi-—Christian Literature of the sixteenth and seventeonth centuries, Prof, M. ¥. RAIADHYAKSHA Marathi Literature from'A,D. 1860 to A.D. 1928. Shri T, V. PARVATE, Marathi Literature during 1920 and 1978, Dr. M.D. PARADKAR, SEA, \Ph.D., Fice- Chancellor, Bombey Hindi Vidsapecth, Mchim, Bambay-16, Hindt. Prin, AB. YATNIK, Principal, Ma. College of Aris, and Shri SM. B. Chauhan, Institite 6 Science, Vile Parle, Bombay. Gujarati -up to Modern Period, Prof. R. P. BALSHI, Guiarati- Modern Period Shri GULABDAS BROKER, Gojaratl--Modecn Period Prof, M. ¥. MALKANI, Sindhi Frof. M. A. NADY, Ordu—Geeoral Fntreduction Dr. % IL MADANT, MA., Ph. Da Urdu, Dr. BLM. TIRMIDEL, MA, ERD. Arabic. Dr. BM. GAL MLA. Ph.D, Lomai Yuruf College, Hombay-61h Persian. PREFACE THIS VOLUME oniitled “Language and Literature” is one of the cight General Volumes proposed to he published by the Cazettecrs Department, The work was entrusted to various scholae «chirihutors of well now repute and erudition, {am extremely thanklid to all of them lor their exeellent conus hutions. "Tam alsa chankfel co the Joint Editor, Shri K. K. Chaudhari, M.A; the Statstical Olfcer, Shri V. N. Gurev, MAL: Sari MU, Ragadke and vibe: members of the ‘staff, for the assistance rendered by them in the prepararinn af rh press copy and correction of proofs, My thanks are also due to Sbri B, W. Khadilkar Director, Goverment Printing, Stationary and Publications, Bombay, and Shei J. 0. Gandhi, Manager and other stall uf the Govienment Prost and Bouk Depot, Nagpir. Postar BG. KUNTR, oveurnn 1970, Executive Editor and Seeretary. ATOR Ib). INTRODUCTORY NOTE 1 volume in the General scrics of the Gizeticers of deals with Language imd Literature, consieting of contributions by specialists im the various languages. At the tne of asigning the individual sections 10 scholars the acheme applicd to thy old Bombay Siate before the Stares Reorganisation Comrmistion’s recommendatious had been given effect 1. Comte juemiy the section on Kannada which had been completed hits since heen transferred 1g the reorganised Mysore State, Tt wiil br noticed thai she sections dealing with Gujarati and Sindbi wad to some extent. Arabic, Persian and Urdu, take now nf literaruze prodmced in the old Bombay State, going beyond che nese limits of reconstituted Maliarashira State! however, on the basis thar Bowbay still contstitutes the earn. merclal capital of the areas sn orgonited, and culturally is ati the main inspiter of literary efforts, chesé contributions have not been re-edited to conform to the limits of the reorganised State. Part of the information presented in these sections may have relevance to the reorganised Gojérat State also. According to rhe originsl parters there should also be a volume destiny: with the languages curicor in this Ste ith a Iriel description of cach, {a this contest we ats iu the present volume an arleqgiate deseriprioat af Elksongs and folkieratare pertaining to the pretiterate digleces current is Maharashtra, groundwork for which is being laid by serious rewcarch _under- faken by many mivetsitics in this arc. The lawna fo the present voluine is primarily sith refereoce ew much dialect areas Readers will realise chat in the “prescnt volume no attempt hax boar made wo use cisesiticat marks, shile editorial and prews difficultics have impose cestain testriceions which, it ix boped, seil] not impair the authenticity or authority of the eontriburars Wille sections co Sauskrit, Prabrit, ‘Arabic. and Persian have thom included, one misse2 reference (0 ieratire produced in Englich, which is considerable. An Indinn variey of English {not merely as a spoken Tangnage lur aia ax a language of erature? ie increasingly attracting the altcntion of international scholarship amd should, peshape, have been included, Alchough rhe term Mabaashr is par cadlier akan the 2nd century AD. it had already given a designation to tbe most excel Jent representative of Middle Indo-Aryan spoken in this rogion in the gramruais of Cunda and Vararaci, and escablished itself as the language par eccrllence for Iyrie poetry. Exeellent prose works were composed hy Jains including long narrative ports (Puranas) in a variety of this Tanguage technically called Jaina Maha- tashtth. ‘The tend also represents the common meting ground berweon the North ave Suuth, al beuween East and West, all ef which are reflected in the gencsis and growth of the Marathi Tangange, synthesising the bere in Eode-Atyau, Dravidian and Munda groups or farnilies of languages, Ite rich heritage is thus rellected in fhe manifold we of so Many regional wid elestcal lnguages in the production of ite Meeratne, whil. the story of Gio nzuages spoken ssichin this regio will bear testimony Ww the grand synthesis that has Deen realiced within one ah. eomtinent through cousian: “teraction fetireen fine distinct Jingvistic farailis, evolving q common sentence paciern and syatactic qyper. ‘ihe developmenc uf lyrical perry, the naxrative Rory, and the drama are interlinked with the changing boundaries of Maharnshirg au bear ‘estiamay to ite pte eminence 2s the parm of harming, a fact whieh is reflected in the Iewiding of the Dakshina Fuad which the Pethoas dist buted each year during the month of Shravan and whieh infivmced Mountsroart Elphiastone in contiouiny, heer scholarly beneinclions vowseds dovelapment of higher’ leaning in ovr universes, The Peshwas were known to here collecred smd proserved manuscaipts cyan when they were on forward marches, eninge in watlikegctivivics or actual Balvles 8 region where such turdition as been preserved for couatlens eehuries can he proud of it literary achievements, only brief fsecouot of Which as beeo presented in this volume A more fieiolled sluly of this Teratose Ml ave co be made by depart anents of Jangcages in oot university in the context which it immediately before os: narnely, the development and rodernisa tion of oar regintsl “anguager *e that, they een become true vehicles for dhe premetinn and spread of modern knowlege in every aspect and become the uy vrnaeulas of de people at the sau tdave. Only when ich ayvalem Mteratnre is produced AL covery stage of knowledge will our Iamguages ‘rly reflect thelr nhessat canncity to rampete with wld beguages Uke Trg, 3 tact which was recognized decades ago hy such stalwarts Wee Sit Geerge Grierson, the fist compiler of Cie great Tiuguistie Swavey of Fadia, Auigut 1970, 8. M. KATRF. ‘CMAPTER 1—9ANSHRIT AND PRAKRIT ‘Tue Woao Manansganis occums rammcy uate mm Sxyaeney CHAPTER 2, termareay and ite warlist accurtence does mot go beyoné The aac ane rary centures of the Cheitian Era. But partewar parte of the Bait fegion which comprite the Stare af Mahayshira appear te have been colenized by speakers of Indo-Aryan ata sage earler age ‘Phas while Vidar by tell oceure wot early thao ia the Maha. fhancia and the: Purenss, Vitesbhe-Rasndinya name of & precep- tar occurs in the Sutapatha, Brahmans and Yeidarbla “came of a ing of the Wilatan” oceuts nthe tenga Brudmors, hth Towards the clos of tho Brahmana petod of Vedi iterator Vidarbha seems 10 have boot cgluvized ‘by the speakers of OM and Middle" Indo-Aryan, and new scculur Tieratwre seems to have Frown tete dveonng enain veil Feats in ty sgt hare can opeciRsally rcogeized ag Owe Patdartat Rit or Vaidorbh tye, imoppasitun to sndlar segiona ditions ne myles reletred 10. a8 Gout, Pawel, Tate, Aventha and Magadk, "Chow amas are Tadieaive ot the fact tha there wan a growing Secular hterature hich developed certain eogional style une oF whieh, the PaldarSht seat highly pralied by exitieal readers of Tterature and syle. ‘The evelopment of Middle (ndo-Aryan terature, which appears to Jnnee taken place slongeide that of SansKrit also gives ue names af Middle Indo-Aryan langusge® which are goographicaly ‘oriented. ‘The alest Praisit qravamars, dhoa® of Chanda and Vararuehi, probably not law than ike 2nd eomtury A. Da slap recognise ‘Biaharaskii ns the Prakcit par excrllence, end fs the fst tafe ana ised" sad desorbed in thele granweatical teeatincs. "Chis tegion was alee known an the Dahohisapatha aid war kawwn to the evip Ttoriest weitere in. thik tor, Patanjal, the author of Makadhaciye, tenchautly refers to the author of the Varta * pata Fnuldbouaidheah" as 3 Dabihivatya : Priytaddhite dake ya yatha lake cha vedo cha” “i prayohlavye satha laskihwais ‘isk Hf prayunite”, Tn on mutha Patanjell lived in the midds of the Dea eontary B, Cy and refetato the author of the Partha fn Paaini's diMadhyayi ae © "southerer' or by implication resident of what we may how recageiae a a part of Misharashtra, a Tan Sasi B cea Ry & Mea. rat Beem Cale. Mos