Mahabharata Book Nine: Shalya, Volume One (The Clay Sanskrit Library)

373 Pages·2005·0.92 MB·English

by  Justin Meiland

THECLAYSANSKRITLIBRARY
FOUNDEDBYJOHN&JENNIFERCLAY
GENERALEDITOR
RICHARDGOMBRICH
EDITEDBY
ISABELLEONIANS
SOMADEVAVASUDEVA
WWW.CLAYSANSKRITLIBRARY.COM
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Copyright(cid:2)c 2005bytheCSL.
Allrightsreserved.
FirstEdition2005
TheClaySanskritLibraryisco-publishedby
NewYorkUniversityPress
andtheJJCFoundation.
Furtherinformationaboutthisvolume
andtherestoftheClaySanskritLibrary
isavailableonthefollowingwebsites:
www.claysanskritlibrary.com
www.nyupress.org.
ISBN0-8147-5706-5
ArtworkbyRobertBeer.
TypesetinAdobeGaramondat10.25:12.3+pt.
PrintedinGreatBritainbyStEdmundsburyPressLtd,
BuryStEdmunds,Suffolk,onacid-freepaper.
BoundbyHunter&Foulis,Edinburgh,Scotland.
Maha¯bha¯rata
Book Nine
S´alya
Volume One
TRANSLATEDBY
JUSTIN MEILAND
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS
JJC FOUNDATION
2005
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Maha¯bha¯rata.S´alyaparvan.Adhya¯ya1–29.
English&Sanskrit.
Mahabharata.Book9,“S´alya.”Vol.1
editedandtranslatedbyJustinMeiland.
p.cm.–(TheClaySanskritlibrary)
InEnglishwithSanskritparalleltext;
includestranslationfromSanskrit.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-8147-5706-5(cloth:alk.paper)
I.Meiland,J.,
II.Title.III.Series.
Contents
Sanskritalphabeticalorder 7
CSLconventions 7
MAHA·BHA´RATAIX–SHALYA
Introduction 12
1–2 Dhrita·rashtraGrieves 27
3–5 SurrenderRejected 53
6–7 TheNewGeneral 85
8–10 TheBattleResumes 101
11–17 Shalya’sDeath 131
18–29 TheKa´uravasDestroyed 211
Notes 341
ProperNamesandEpithets 349
Index 359
Asandhigridisprintedontheinsideofthebackcover

cslconventions
sanskritalphabeticalorder
Vowels: aa¯i¯ıuu¯.r.¯r.l.¯leaioaum. h.
Gutturals: kkhgghn˙
Palatals: cchjjhn˜
Retroflex: .t.thd. d.hn.
Labials: pphbbhm
Semivowels: yrlv
Spirants: ´s.ssh
guidetosanskritpronunciation
a but nouncedtaihi
a¯,aˆ rather k luck
i sit kh blockhead
¯ı,ˆı fee g go
u put gh bighead
u¯,uˆ boo n˙ anger
.r vocalicr,Americanpurdy c chill
orEnglishpretty ch matchhead
.¯r lengthened.r j jog
.l vocalicl,able jh aspiratedj,hedgehog
e,ˆe,¯e made,esp.inWelshpro- n˜ canyon
nunciation .t retroflex t, try (with the
ai bite tip of tongue turned up
o,oˆ,o¯rope,esp.Welshpronun- totouchthehardpalate)
ciation;Italiansolo .th sameastheprecedingbut
au sound aspirated
m. anusva¯ranasalizesthepre- d. retroflex d (with the tip
cedingvowel of tongue turned up to
h. visarga,avoicelessaspira- touchthehardpalate)
tion(resemblingEnglish d.h sameastheprecedingbut
h),orlikeScottishloch,or aspirated
anaspirationwithafaint n. retroflex n (with the tip
echoingofthepreceding of tongue turned up to
vowelsothattaih. ispro- touchthehardpalate)
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maha·bha´rataix–shalya
t Frenchtout r trilled,resemblingtheIta-
th tenthook lianpronunciationofr
d dinner l linger
dh guildhall
v word
n now
´s shore
p pill
.s retroflexsh(withthetip
ph upheaval
ofthetongueturnedup
b before
bh abhorrent totouchthehardpalate)
m mind s hiss
y yes h hood
cslpunctuationofenglish
TheacuteaccentonSanskritwordswhentheyoccuroutsideofthe
Sanskrittextitself,marksstress,e.g.Rama´yana.Itisnotpartoftra-
ditionalSanskritorthography,transliterationortranscription,butwe
supplyitheretoguidereadersinthepronunciationoftheseunfamiliar
words.SincenoSanskritwordisaccentedonthelastsyllableitisnot
necessarytoaccentdisyllables,e.g.Rama.
ThesecondCSLinnovationdesignedtoassistthereaderinthepro-
nunciationoflengthyunfamiliarwordsistoinsertanunobtrusivemid-
dledotbetweensemanticwordbreaksincompoundnames(provided
thewordbreakdoesnotfallonavowelresultingfromthefusionof
twovowels),e.g.Maha·bha´rata,butRama´yana(notRama·a´yana).Our
dotechoesthepunctuatingmiddledot(·)foundintheoldestsurviving
formsofwrittenSanskrit,theAshokaninscriptionsofthethirdcentury
bce.
ThedeeplayeringofSanskritnarrativehasalsodictatedthatweuse
quotationmarksonlytoannouncethebeginningandendofeverydirect
speech,andnotatthebeginningofeveryparagraph.
cslpunctuationofsanskrit
TheSanskrittextisalsopunctuated,inaccordancewiththepunc-
tuationoftheEnglishtranslation.Inmid-verse,thepunctuationwill
notalterthesandhiorthescansion.Propernamesarecapitalized.Most
8
cslconventions
Sanskrit metres have four “feet” (pa¯da): where possible we print the
common´slokametreontwolines.IntheSanskrittext,weuseFrench
Guillemets(e.g.«kvasam.cic¯ır.suh.?»)insteadofEnglishquotationmarks
(e.g.“Whereareyouoffto?”)toavoidconfusionwiththeapostrophes
usedforvowelelisioninsandhi.
Sanskritpresentsthelearnerwithachallenge:sandhi(“euphoniccom-
bination”).Sandhimeansthatwhentwowordsarejoinedinconnected
speechorwriting(whichinSanskritreflectsspeech),thelastletter(or
evenletters)ofthefirstwordoftenchanges;comparethewaywepro-
nounce“the”in“thebeginning”and“theend.”
InSanskritthefirstletterofthesecondwordmayalsochange;andif
boththelastletterofthefirstwordandthefirstletterofthesecondare
vowels,theymayfuse.ThishasaparallelinEnglish:anasalconsonantis
insertedbetweentwovowelsthatwouldotherwisecoalesce:“apear”and
“anapple.”Sanskritvowelfusionmayproduceambiguity.Thechartat
thebackofeachbookgivesthefullsandhisystem.
Fortunatelyitisnotnecessarytoknowthesechangesinordertostart
readingSanskrit.Forthat,whatisimportantistoknowtheformofthe
secondwordwithoutsandhi(pre-sandhi),sothatitcanberecognized
orlookedupinadictionary.ThereforeweareprintingSanskritwitha
systemofpunctuationthatwillindicate,unambiguously,theoriginal
formofthesecondword,i.e.,theformwithoutsandhi.Suchsandhi
mostlyconcernsthefusionoftwovowels.
InSanskrit,vowelsmaybeshortorlongandarewrittendifferently
accordingly. We follow the general convention that a vowel with no
markaboveitisshort.Otherbooksmarkalongvoweleitherwitha
barcalledamacron(a¯)orwithacircumflex(aˆ).Oursystemusesthe
macron, except that for initial vowels in sandhi we use a circumflex
toindicatethatoriginallythevowelwasshort,ortheshorteroftwo
possibilities(eratherthanai,oratherthanau).
Whenweprintinitialaˆ,beforesandhithatvowelwasa
ˆıorˆe, i
uˆoroˆ, u
aˆi, e
aˆu, o
a¯, a¯(i.e.,thesame)
9