Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms - Botany PDF
Preview Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms - Botany
Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms Basal Angiosperms Survey of Angiosperms — using APG system We will begin our survey of angiosperms by examining the ‘basal angiosperms’-those groups ‘Basal angiosperms’ that are now shown to be the first •ANA (‘basal families’) diverging–paraphyletic! • magnoliid complex These include all those shown • monocots here exceptthe eudicotswhich Eudicots or tricolpates (3 pored pollen) are the bulk of dicots • ranunculids We will look at the monocots-a • caryophyllids ‘basal angiosperm group’ -at the • rosids end of the semester • asterids Basal Angiosperms Basal Angiosperms What are basal angiosperms? What are basal angiosperms? (1) Charles Bessey’sorderRanales Exhibit a suite of primitive with most of the dicotbasal character states angiosperms and (2) monocots 1. Many parts at each whorl Magnolia= primitive polypetaly hypogyny actinomorphic 1 Basal Angiosperms Basal Angiosperms What are basal angiosperms? What are basal angiosperms? Exhibit a suite of primitive Exhibit a suite of primitive character states character states 1. Many parts at each whorl 1. Many parts at each whorl 2. Separate, unsealedcarpels 2. Separate, unsealed carpels 3. Follicle fruits Drimys Winteraceae Leaf-like follicles Basal Angiosperms Basal Angiosperms What are basal angiosperms? What are basal angiosperms? Exhibit a suite of primitive Exhibit a suite of primitive character states character states 1. Many parts at each whorl 1. Many parts at each whorl 2. Separate, unsealed carpels 2. Separate, unsealed carpels 3. Follicle fruits 3. Follicle fruits 4. Laminar stamens 4. Laminar stamens 5. Tracheids, no vessel elements Laminar stamens in yellow waterlily 2 Basal Angiosperms ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms What are basal angiosperms? Lilium(monocot) The ‘ANA’group forms a basal grade (paraphyletic) uniaperturate Exhibit a suite of primitive Name derived from initials of members character states 1. Many parts at each whorl 2. Separate, unsealed carpels 3. Follicle fruits 4. Laminar stamens 5. Tracheids, no vessel elements 6. Pollen grains single pored, apertured, furrowed; not triaperturate, tricolpate ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms *Amborellaceae (order Amborellales) *Amborellaceae (order Amborellales) Amborellatrichopoda—only 1 species from New Caledonia •dioecious(unisexual) evergreen *= know this family or group! shrub with no vessels 3 ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms *Amborellaceae (order Amborellales) Question: would the “first angiosperm” have had features like Amborella? •dioecious(unisexual) evergreen shrub with no vessels •P 5-8 A ¥ G0 male •P 5-8 A 0 G5-6 female •perianthspiralled–tepals •laminar stamens •apocarpic, not sealed •fruits 1 seeded, drupe-like ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms Answer: not necessarily Answer: not necessarily Amborellafeatures could be derivedlater (over last 100my +) Amborellafeatures could be derivedlater (over last 100my +) Read required paper: Sauquetet al. 2017 The ancestral flower of angiosperms and its early diversification. 4 ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms Austrobaileyaceae: 1 species of tropical Australian Illiciaceae evergreen liana P ¥ A ¥ G¥ •aromatic shrubs/vines, used in anise liquers •spiralledtepals; laminar stamens; •Asian tropics and subtropics & disjunct in fly pollinated; apocarpic-berries Eastern North America Illicium Schisandra+ Kadsura ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms Illiciaceae Trimeniaceae: Trimeniawith 5 spp. (Australasian trees, shrubs, vines) P ¥ A ¥ G¥ P ¥ A ¥ G1 •spiralledtepals, not sealed •spiralledtepals; filamentous carpels, 1 seeded follicles stamens; berry with one ovule Japanese anise Schisandra 5 ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms Biogeographicaldistributions of the A A members of ANA Nymphaeales: 2nd lineage after Amborellato diverge support old notion that tropical Australasiawas center of origin of extant angiosperms •water lilies and relatives •worldwide distribution except arid regions •little biogeographic structure Distribution of Nymphaeaceae -water lilies Liberty Hyde Bailey ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms *Nymphaeaceae–water lilies *Nymphaeaceae–water lilies •floating or submersed leaves •air cavities in tissue •mucilaginous Nuphar variegatum- Nymphoides peltata- coverings yellow waterlily water gentian = basal angiosperm = asterid dicot •lack of vessels Obvious ecological convergencein floating aquatics is the rule! 8 genera with specialized ecological aquatic niche Check out live aquatic plant display in Birge lobby. 6 ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms *Nymphaeaceae–water lilies *Nymphaeaceae–water lilies CA 4-¥ CO¥ A ¥ G (¥) •showy flowers with strong scent attracting animals •many parts at each whorl •laminar stamens Nuphar Nelumbo = ANA = eudicot Order Nymphaealesonceincluded all these 3 genera Ceratophyllum all are unrelated! = basal angiosperm Nymphaea odorata-water lily ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms *Nymphaeaceae–water lilies *Nymphaeaceae–water lilies Nuphar variegata- CA 4-¥ CO¥ A ¥ G (¥) •showy flowers with strong yellow pond lily •petaloid sepals, petals reduced scent attracting animals •many parts at each whorl •laminar stamens •superior, syncarpicpistil ! 7 ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms Amazonian Victoriawith peltate leaves Cabombaceae -2 genera often placed in Nymphaeaceae •small clonal floating aquatic Brasenia shreberi-water shield •peltate leaves •wind pollinated ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms ‘ANA’ Basal Angiosperms Cabombaceae -2 genera often placed in Nymphaeaceae Molecular phylogeny -secondary increase in floral structures •submersed and floating leaved Cabomba-fanwort •dimorphic leaves •insect pollinated Don Les & al. 1999 8 Magnoliid Basal Angiosperms Magnoliid Basal Angiosperms Remainder of basal angiosperms Remainder of basal angiosperms (except monocots & hornwort) (except monocots & hornwort) •••tttrrrooopppiiicccaaalll tttrrreeeeeesss ooorrr pppaaallleeeooohhheeerrrbbbsss (((cccooorrrdddaaattteee llleeeaaavvveeesss))) •= Magnoliids(monophyletic) ••aarroommaattiicc --eetthheerreeaall ooiillss (“ranalian”smell) •beetle or fly pollination common Magnoliid Basal Angiosperms Magnoliid Basal Angiosperms *Magnoliaceae (Magnoliales) *Magnoliaceae (Magnoliales) P ¥ A ¥ G ¥ •tropical or warm temperate trees or shrubs with •perianth = tepals spirally arranged large, pinnate netted, stipulate leaves •androecium of laminar stamens •flowers large and solitary •gynoecium of many separate pistils or carpels g g p g a a a p Magnolia grandiflora p 9 Magnoliid Basal Angiosperms Magnoliid Basal Angiosperms *Magnoliaceae (Magnoliales) P ¥ A ¥ G ¥ *Magnoliaceae (Magnoliales) P ¥ A ¥ G ¥ •fruits of one flower = ‘cone’ or ‘aggregate’ of follicles •fruits of one flower = ‘cone’ or ‘aggregate’ of follicles •dehiscent along one suture, derived from one carpel (leaf) •dehiscent along one suture, derived from one carpel (leaf) Magnolia grandiflora Magnoliid Basal Angiosperms Magnoliid Basal Angiosperms *Magnoliaceae (Magnoliales) *Annonaceae (Magnoliales) -custard apples P 3+3+3 A ¥ G ¥ Liriodendron-tulip tree, yellow •large, woody pantropical family poplar -samara(winged) fruits •perianth in 3 sets of three tepals 10
Description:The list of books you might like
