Magnetodynamic Phenomena in the Solar Atmosphere: Prototypes of Stellar Magnetic Activity

630 Pages·1996·21.207 MB·English

by  L. W. Acton (auth.), Yutaka Uchida, Takeo Kosugi, Hugh S. Hudson (eds.)

MAGNETODYNAMICPHENOMENA
IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE
PROTOTYPES OF STELLAR MAGNETIC ACTIVITY
MAGNETODYNAMIC PHENOMENA
IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE
Prototypes of Stellar Magnetic Activity
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 153RD COLLOQUIUM OF THE
INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION
HELD IN MAKUHARI, NEAR TOKYO, MAY 22-27, 1995
EDITED BY
YUTAKA UCHIDA
Science University of Tokyo, Japan
TAKEO KOSUGI
National Astronomical Observatory, Tokyo, Japan
and
HUGH S. HUDSON
University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, U.S.A.
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
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ISBN·13: 978·94-01{}.6627-3 e·ISBN·13: 978·94-009·0315-9
DOl: 10-10071978-94-009-0315-9
Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
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© 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers
Softcover reprint of the hardcover I sl edition 1996
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
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including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
This volume is dedicated
to our dear friend Prof. Yoshiaki Ogawara
without whose selfless contributions
the satellite Yohkoh would not have come into existence
Memorial: Prof. Keizo Kai (1934-1991)
Keizo Kai, Professor of Astronomy and Director of the Nobeyama Solar Radio
Observatory, played a major role in the development of solar physics in Japan. His
research work always centered on high energy solar physics, especially in the joint
interpretation of radio/X-ray bursts. His career began in the early 1960's at the
Tokyo Astronomical Observatory (later the National Astronomical Observatory).
He participated in the early development of the Nobeyama Radio Observatory and
made two extended visits to the Culgoora Solar Observatory in Australia. These
visits produced many fascinating discoveries, and these led to his great motivation
for the development of the Nobeyama Solar Radio Observatory, and especially
for the creation of the recently-completed 17 GHz radioheliograph. He served as
Director of the Nobeyama Solar Radio Observatory until the end. He also strongly
encouraged the development of Yohkoh and served as the Principal Investigator
of its Hard X-ray Telescope. Many of the results presented at the conference
represent his observational dreams.
Table of Contents
Preface xix
I. Magnetic Atmospheres of the Sun and Stars
1.1. The Solar Corona, the Magnetic Atmosphere of the Sun
Coronal Structures, Local and Global
L. W. Acton 3
Dynamical Processes in the Solar Corona
K. Shibata 13
Heating Mechanisms of the Solar Corona
T. Sakurai 21
Solar Coronal Heating: MHD Models and Observational Signatures
G. E. Vekstein 29
Heating of Active Region Corona by Transient Brightenings
(Microflares)
T. Shimizu, T. Tsuneta, A. Title, T. Tarbell, R. Shine,
and Z. Frank 37
The Heating of Soft X-ray Coronal Loops
1. A. Klimchuk and L. J. Porter 39
Temperature Structure of Solar Active Regions
T. Yoshida and S. Tsuneta 41
Temperature and Heating Distributions along the Steady Coronal
Loops
R. Kano and S. Tsuneta 43
Long Time Statistics of Magnetically Driven MHD Turbulence,
Solar Flares and Coronal Heating
C. Chiuderi, M. Velli, G. Einaudi, and A. Pouquet 45
Mass-Flow Effects on Wave Heating by Resonant Absorption
R. Erdelyi 47
Ha Surges and X-ray Jets in AR7260
R. C. Canfield, K. P. Reardon, K. D. Leka, K. Shibata,
T. Yokoyama, and M. Shimojo 49
Surface Driven Evolution and Activity of Atmospheric Magnetic
Structures
G. van Hoven, Y. Mok, D. L. Hendrix, and Z. Mikic 51
viii
1.2. High Temperature Outer Atmospheres of Other Stars
Chromospheres of Coronal Stars
J. L. Linsky and B. E. Wood 55
Evidence of Magnetic Coronae in Other Stars
S. Serio 63
Recent VLBI Observations of Stellar Coronae
R. L. Mute! 71
Coronal Struct\lre in M Dwarf Stars
M. S. Giampapa, R. Rosner, V. K ashyap, T. A. Fleming,
J. H. M. M. Schmitt, and J. A. Bookbinder 81
X-ray and EUV Observations of Active Binary Stellar Coronae:
Relationships to Solar Studies of Flare Parameters and Coronal
Abundances
R. A. Stern 83
Element Abundances in Stellar Coronae
J. J. Drake, J. M. Laming, and K. G. Widing 85
II. Wind and Mass-Loss from the Sun and Stars
11.1. Wind and Mass-Loss from the Sun
Yohkoh Observations of Coronal Mass Ejections
H. Hudson 89
Quiet Corona and Mass Loss
G. Noci 97
Mechanisms of Solar (and Stellar) Mass Loss
R. Rosner 107
Acceleration of the High Speed Solar Wind
W. l. Axford and J. F. McKenzie 115
Declining Phase Coronal Evolution: The Statistics of X-ray Arcades
A. H. McAllister, A. J. Hundhausen, J. T. Burkepile,
P. McIntosh, and E. Hiei 123
Development of a Coronal Helmet Streamer of 24 January 1992
E. Hiei and A. J. Hundhausen 125
Observations of Solar Wind beyond 5 Rs and within 0.3 AU by
Interplanetary Scintillation
M. Kojima, H. Watanabe, Y. Yamauchi, and H. Misawa 127
11.2. Wind and Mass-Loss from Stars
HST and WE Observations of Stellar Mass-Loss from K and Early
M Evolved Stars
G. M. Harper 131
Prominences on Late Type Active Stars
P. B. Byrne 139
ix
Stellar CMEs and Flare Mass Motions
E. R. Houdebine 147
X-ray Emission from O-Stars
S. Kitamoto, T. Suzuki, K. Torii, and Y. Ohno 157
III. Production of Superhot Plasma and High-Energy
Particles in the Sun and Stars
III.1. Solar Flares
Evidence of Magnetic Reconnection in Solar Flares
S. Tsuneta 161
Non-Thermal Processes and Superhot Plasma Creation in Solar
Flares
T. Sakao and T. Kosugi 169
Mass Motions in Flares
R. D. Bentley 177
Energy Build-up Processes of Solar Flares Studied by Optical
Observations
H. Kurokawa 185
High-Quality Images Based on the Steer Algorithm Deconvolution
from the Correlation Data Observed with Nobeyama Radioheliograph
S. Enome 195
Loop-Top Hard X-ray Source in Solar Flares
S. Masuda, T. Kosugi, K. Shibata, H. Hara, and T. Sakao 203
Radio Imaging Observation of a Solar Flare Cusp
K. Shibasaki 205
Flares and Plasma Flow Caused by Interacting Loops
Y. H anaoka 207
Electron Time-of-Flight Measurements
M. J. Aschwanden 209
Hot and Cool Post-Flare Loops: Formation and Dynamics
B. Schmieder, P. Heinzel, L. van Driel-Gesztelyi,
J. E. Wiik, and J. Lemen 211
Ultraviolet (1200 to 1800 A) Emission during the Impulsive Phase
of a Class 3B-X3 Solar Flare Observed with SOLSTICE
P. Brekke, G. J. Rottman, J. Fontenla, and P. G. Judge 213
III.2. Stellar Flares
Optical Emission from Stellar Flares
C. J. Butler 217
Flares on Active Binary Systems
S. Catalano 227
x
Stellar X-ray Flares
B. Ha isch 235
Hard X-ray Emissions from Protostar Candidates
K. Koyama, Y. Tsuboi, and S. Ueno 243
X-ray Flares and Variability of Young Stellar Objects
T. Montmerle and S. Casanova 247
Radio Emission from Solar and Stellar Flares
T. S. Bastian 259
Radio Evidence for Nonthermal Magnetic Activity on Main-
Sequence Stars of Late Spectral Type
K. R. Lang 267
An Analysis of X-ray Flares in Pleiades Stars
S. Sciortino, G. Mice/a, F. Reale, V. Kashyap, R. Rosner,
and F. R. Harnden, Jr. 277
Simultaneous X-ray, EUV, UV, and Radio Observation of the
Corona of the RS CVn Binary HR1099
A. Brown, S. L. Skinner, R. T. Stewart, and K. L. Jones 279
On the Origin of Intense Radio Emission from Solar and Stellar
Flares
A. V. Stepanov 281
Magnetic Structures and Giant Flares in HR1099
B. H. Foing, S. Char, T. Ayres, C. Catala, D. S. Zhai,
S. Jiang, L. Huang, J. X. Hao, E. Houdebine, S. Jankov,
J. Baudrand, J. Czarny, J. F. Donati, P. Felenbok,
S. Catalano, G. Cutispoto, A. Frasca, M. Rodono,
J. E. Neff, T. Simon, A. Collier-Cameron, C. J. Butler,
and The MUS/COS 1989 Campaign Collaboration 283
III.3. Models of Flares
Arcade Flare Models
T. G. Forbes 287
Problems for Arcade and Loop Flare Models Revealed by Yohkoh
Y. Uchida 295
Bifurcation and Stability of the Coronal Magnetic Field
K. Kusano, Y. Suzuki, K. Moriyama, K. Fujie, and
K. Nishikawa 303
MHD Simulations of Coronal Current Sheet Dynamics
B. Kliem and J. Schumacher 305
The Active Role and Models of Reconnecting Current Sheets in
the Solar Atmosphere
B. V. Somov 307
The Evolution of Magnetic Arcades under Footpoint Motion
G. S. Choe and L. C. Lee 309
Hydrodynamic Modeling of Flares Well-Observed by YohkohjSXT
F. Reale, G. Peres, and H. Hudson 311
xi
On Thermal Hydrodynamical Model of Solar Flares
W. Q. Gan 313
MHD Simulation of X-ray Jets Based on Magnetic Reconnection
Model
T. Yokoyama and K. Shibata 315
Energy Release in the Current-Carrying Magnetic Loops
V. V. Zaitsev 317
IV. Magnetic Behavior of the Sun and Stars
IV.1. Active Zones and Coronal Holes of the Sun and Their
Cycle Variation
Magnetic Activity Cycle in the X-ray Coronal Structures
H. Hara 321
The Dynamics of Magnetic Flux Tubes in the Solar Convection
Zone
G. H. Fisher, Y. Fan, D. W. Longcope, and M. G. Linton 329
Hot Spots for Solar Activity
T. Bai 337
Solar Dynamo Driven by Global Convection and Differential
Rotation and the Magneto-Thermal Pulsation of the Sun
H. Yoshimura 345
Formation of a Kinked Alignment of Solar Active Region
R. Matsumoto, T. Tajima, W. Chou, and K. Shibata 355
IV.2. Observed Domain of Activity on Stars
Stellar Magnetic Activity, Activity Cycles, and Dynamos
R. Pallavicini 359
Recent Measurements of Stellar Magnetic Fields
S. H. Saar 367
Active Longitudes and Rotation of Active Stars
M. Rodono and A. F. Lanza 375
Dynamos in Different Types of Stars
N. O. Weiss 387
Coronal Magnetic Activity in Low Mass Pre-Main Sequence Stars
F. M. Walter 395
V. Governing Factors of Solar/Stellar Activity
The Sun as the Ultimate Challenge to Astrophysics: The Vital
Phase of Solar Physics
E. N. Parker 399