Magnetic Resonance: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Electron and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, held in Melbourne, August 1969, sponsored by the Australian Academy of Science PDF
Preview Magnetic Resonance: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Electron and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, held in Melbourne, August 1969, sponsored by the Australian Academy of Science
MAGNETIC RESONANCE CONTRIBUTORS E. R. ANDREW R. G. BARNES R. BLiNC P. J. BRAY A. CARRINGTON T. P. DAS S. FUJIWARA D.M.GRANT W. HAYES L. M. JACKMAN C. KIKUCHI W.LOW R. ORBACH G. E. PETERSON J. G. POWLES A. SAUPE C. P. SLiCHTER J. H. VAN VLECK J. S. WAUGH MAGNETIC RESONANCE Proceedings of the International Symposium on Electron and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, held in Melbourne, August 1969, sponsored by the Australian Academy of Science Editors C.K. COOGAN, NORMAN S. HAM, S.N. STUART Division of Chemical Physics CSIRO Chemical Research Laboratories Clayton, Victoria and J. R. PILBROW, G. V. H. WILSON Department of Physics Monash University Clayton, Victoria ~ PLENUM PRESS - NEW YORK-LONDON -1970 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 70-119613 ISBN 978-1-4615-7375-3 ISBN 978-1-4615-7373-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-7373-9 © 1970 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1970 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011 United Kingdom edition published by Plenum Press, London A Division of Plenum Publishing Company, Ltd. w.e. Donington House, 30 Norfolk Street, London 2, England All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher THE CONTRIBUTORS Page numbers are given in parenthesis E. R. ANDREW (163), Department of Physics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. R. G. BARNES (63), Department of Physics, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, U.S.A. R. BLINC (119), Jozef Stefan Institute, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia. P. J. BRAY (11), Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A. A. CARRINGTON (289), Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K. T. P. DAS (91), Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A. Shizuo FUJIWARA (361), Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan. David M. GRANT (323), Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A. W. HAYES (271), Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. L. M. JACKMAN (309), Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Chihiro KIKUCHI (227), Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. W. LOW (247), Department of Physics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel. R. ORBACH (197), Department of Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. G. E. PETERSON (41), Bell Telephone Laboratories Incorporated, Murray Hill, New Jersey, U.S.A. J. G. POWLES (133), Physics Laboratories, University of Kent, Can terbury, U. K. Alfred SAUPE (339), Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, U.S.A. Charles P. SLICHTER (187), Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A. J. H. VAN VLECK (1), Lyman Laboratory of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. J. S. WAUGH (177), Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. v PREFACE TWENTY-FIVE years ago in Russia, Zavoisky made the first experimen tal observation of electron spin resonances; and a year later Purcell, Torrey and Pound at Harvard and Bloch, Hansen and Packard at Stanford ('The Harvard of the West') observed nuclear magnetic resonances for the first time. In both cases (ESR and NMR) the phenomena had been previously predicted, and Gorter - surely one of the most unlucky experimenters of our time - had made his noble attempts to detect magnetic resonances. Purcell et aZ., having beaten their radar swords into scientific ploughshares, used a re sonant coaxial cavity, filled the inductive part with 850 cm3 of paraffin, and produced a resonance with a signal-to-noise ratio of 20. They predicted that the sensitivity could be increased several hundred-fold and foresaw applications in determining magnetic mo ments, investigating spin-lattice coupling and measuring magnetic fields. Their letter reached the editor of Phys. Rev. on Christmas Eve 1945, and the basis of NMR in the solid state was laid. Bloch et aZ., fortunately working independently, established the entirely different, crossed-coil approach to the observation of NMR in a water sample, which they doped with paramagnetic ions to reduce the relaxation times. They had laid the foundation of liquid-state NMR. Their letter to Phys. Rev. was received on 29 January 1946. This was the detonation of an explosive wave of research on magnetic resonance which has spread throughout the world and shows no sign of abating. Prescient as the original discoverers were, the staggering diversity of applications and ramifications of mag netic resonance could hardly have been envisaged in 1946. The one page of Physics Abstracts records two further papers from Bloch and his coworkers, another from Zavoisky, and a transatlantic conver sion in Rollin who published his paper on spin-lattice relaxation in Nature of 9 November 1946 - a remarkable feat, considering pub lication lags on both sides of the Atlantic. We appear to be still in the 'discovering' phase in magnetic resonance, with a long while to go before the subject is 'over the hill'. The papers in this volume were presented at the International Symposium on Electron and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, held at Monash University in Melbourne, 11-15 August 1969. The exception vii viii Preface is the paper by Professor P.J. Bray, who was unavoidably prevented from attending. They present authorative reviews of their subjects, with a good deal of new work in each. The panoramic purview of the subject by Professor J.H. Van Vleck formed the substance of his after-dinner address at the Symposium banquet. In all, more than one-hundred papers were presented at the Symposium, and their diversity and sophistication emphasized just how far the subject has travelled in twenty-odd years. Milligram quantities for specimens rather than 850 cm3 have become commonplace, computers are almost de rigueur, and new applications appear daily. Progress in the subject can still be summed up by Purcell's evaluation in his Nobel Prize speech: 'If you will think of the history of ordinary magnetism - the electronic kind - you will re member that it has been rich in difficult and provocative problems, and full of surprises. Nuclear magnetism, so far as we have gone, is like that too.' A simple transposition to electron spin reson ance also would be apposite. The Symposium Organizing Committee is most grateful to a number of organizations and people for assistance in staging the Symposium and in the preparation of this volume. Foremost in this list is the Australian Academy of Science, which sponsored the Symposium and supported it financially via a Commonwealth Government grant. We would like to express our appreciation to the Executive Secretary of the Academy, Mr J. Deeble, and to Mr P.O. O'Connor for their help in arranging the Symposium and these Proceedings. Monash University and the Commonwea~th Scientific and Industrial Research Organization have been exceedingly generous in providing facilities and assist ance of every kind. Additional financial assistance was given by the Australian Atomic Energy Commission, Newport Instruments Ltd (U.K.) and Perkin Elmer Pty Ltd, for which we are most grateful. It is a pleasure to express our appreciation to the Australian Institute of Physics in their sponsorship of Professor C.P. Slichter as A.I.P. Lecturer for 1969, thereby assisting in defraying his expenses of travel to Australia. We also greatly appreciated the cheerful and unsparing help given at all times by Mrs Janette Eisenegger and Mrs Carol Anthony. The bulk of the work of preparing this volume, which has run through more than its deserved share of vicissitudes, has fallen on Stephen Stuart, whose editorial expertise has been its salva tion. It is only by a cruel barb of fortune that the book has not appeared in the year of the Symposium. Melbourne C. K. COOGAN 3 JanuaTy 1970 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE R. Blinc, Yugoslavia R. D. Brown, Australia C. K. Coogan (Chairman), Australia S. Fujiwara, Japan H. S. Gutowsky, U.S.A. J. R. Pilbrow (Secretary), Australia N. Sheppard, U.K. C. P. Slichter, U.S.A. R. Steet, Australia PROGRAMME COMMITTEE H. C. Bolton R. J. C. Brown 1. D. Campbell R. A. Craig B. N. Figgis N. S. Ham (Chairman) M. L. Heffernan H. F. Symmons G. J. F. Troup G. W. West G. V. H. Wilson (Secretary) PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE P. J. Fensham J. Liesegang T. Mole A. G. Moritz S. N. Stuart (Convener) ix CONTENTS Page v The Contributors vii Preface 1 A Third of a Century of Paramagnetic Relaxation and Resonance J.H. Van Vleck 11 N.M.R. Studies of Glasses and Related Crystalline Solids P.J. Bray 41 Charge Distributions in Ionic Crystals from the N.M.R. and N.Q.R. of Na and Cu G.E. Peterson 63 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in the Non-cubic Metals R. G. Barnes 91 Hyperfine Interactions and Associated Properties of Alkali Metals S.D. Mahanti, L. TterZikkis and T.P. Das 119 Spin-Lattice Relaxation, Unstable Lattice Modes, and Critical Fluctuations R. BUnc 133 An Information Theory of Line Shape in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance J.G. PowZes and B. Carazza 163 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Rapidly Rotating Solids E.R. Andrew 177 Multiple-pulse N.M.R. Experiments and Averaging Effects J.S. Waugh 187 Spin-flip Scattering of Electrons from Atoms Embedded in Metals J.R. Asik, M.A. BaZZ, E.K. CorneZZ and CharZes P. SZichter 197 Electron Spin Resonance in Dilute Magnetic Alloys J. Dupraz, B. Giovannini, R. Orbach, J.D. RiZey and J. Zitkova xi xii Contents Page 227 E.P.R. Study of Nuclear Radiation Effects in CaW04 Kikuchi and David R. Mason Chihi~o 247 Optical, Paramagnetic and Endor Spectra of some Rare-earth Ions in CaF2 D. Ki~o and W. LOU) 271 Paramagnetic Resonance of Electronic States of Crystal Defects W. Hayes 289 Gas-phase Electron Resonance Spectra of Linear Triatomic Free Radicals A. A.R. B.J. and N.J.D. Lucas C~~ngton, Fab~s, HOU)~d 309 Studies of Rate and Equilibrium Processes by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy L.M. Jackman 323 Proton-decoupled Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance D.M. G~t 339 On Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Nematic Liquid Crystal Solvents Saupe AZf~ed 361 Nuclidic Mass Measurement by Ion Cyclotron Resonance and Isotopic Abundance-ratio Measurement by Proton Resonance Satellites Shizuo Fujiwaru 371 The Symposium Papers 377 Index
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