Magnetic Resonance: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Electron and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, held in Melbourne, August 1969, sponsored by the Australian Academy of Science

386 Pages·1995·0.48 MB·English

by  J. H. Van Vleck (auth.)

MAGNETIC RESONANCE
CONTRIBUTORS
E. R. ANDREW
R. G. BARNES
R. BLiNC
P. J. BRAY
A. CARRINGTON
T. P. DAS
S. FUJIWARA
D.M.GRANT
W. HAYES
L. M. JACKMAN
C. KIKUCHI
W.LOW
R. ORBACH
G. E. PETERSON
J. G. POWLES
A. SAUPE
C. P. SLiCHTER
J. H. VAN VLECK
J. S. WAUGH
MAGNETIC
RESONANCE
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Electron and
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, held in Melbourne, August 1969,
sponsored by the Australian Academy of Science
Editors
C.K. COOGAN, NORMAN S. HAM, S.N. STUART
Division of Chemical Physics
CSIRO Chemical Research Laboratories
Clayton, Victoria
and
J. R. PILBROW, G. V. H. WILSON
Department of Physics
Monash University
Clayton, Victoria
~
PLENUM PRESS - NEW YORK-LONDON -1970
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 70-119613
ISBN 978-1-4615-7375-3 ISBN 978-1-4615-7373-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-7373-9
© 1970 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1970
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011
United Kingdom edition published by Plenum Press, London
A Division of Plenum Publishing Company, Ltd.
w.e.
Donington House, 30 Norfolk Street, London 2, England
All rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the publisher
THE CONTRIBUTORS
Page numbers are given in parenthesis
E. R. ANDREW (163), Department of Physics, University of Nottingham,
Nottingham, U.K.
R. G. BARNES (63), Department of Physics, Iowa State University of
Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, U.S.A.
R. BLINC (119), Jozef Stefan Institute, University of Ljubljana,
Ljubljana, Yugoslavia.
P. J. BRAY (11), Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence,
Rhode Island, U.S.A.
A. CARRINGTON (289), Department of Chemistry, University of
Southampton, Southampton, U.K.
T. P. DAS (91), Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt
Lake City, Utah, U.S.A.
Shizuo FUJIWARA (361), Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo,
Hongo, Tokyo, Japan.
David M. GRANT (323), Department of Chemistry, University of Utah,
Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A.
W. HAYES (271), Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford,
U.K.
L. M. JACKMAN (309), Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Chihiro KIKUCHI (227), Department of Nuclear Engineering, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.
W. LOW (247), Department of Physics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem,
Israel.
R. ORBACH (197), Department of Physics, University of California,
Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
G. E. PETERSON (41), Bell Telephone Laboratories Incorporated,
Murray Hill, New Jersey, U.S.A.
J. G. POWLES (133), Physics Laboratories, University of Kent,
Can terbury, U. K.
Alfred SAUPE (339), Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University,
Kent, Ohio, U.S.A.
Charles P. SLICHTER (187), Department of Physics, University of
Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.
J. H. VAN VLECK (1), Lyman Laboratory of Physics, Harvard University,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
J. S. WAUGH (177), Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
v
PREFACE
TWENTY-FIVE years ago in Russia, Zavoisky made the first experimen
tal observation of electron spin resonances; and a year later
Purcell, Torrey and Pound at Harvard and Bloch, Hansen and Packard
at Stanford ('The Harvard of the West') observed nuclear magnetic
resonances for the first time. In both cases (ESR and NMR) the
phenomena had been previously predicted, and Gorter - surely one of
the most unlucky experimenters of our time - had made his noble
attempts to detect magnetic resonances. Purcell et aZ., having
beaten their radar swords into scientific ploughshares, used a re
sonant coaxial cavity, filled the inductive part with 850 cm3 of
paraffin, and produced a resonance with a signal-to-noise ratio of
20. They predicted that the sensitivity could be increased several
hundred-fold and foresaw applications in determining magnetic mo
ments, investigating spin-lattice coupling and measuring magnetic
fields. Their letter reached the editor of Phys. Rev. on Christmas
Eve 1945, and the basis of NMR in the solid state was laid. Bloch
et aZ., fortunately working independently, established the entirely
different, crossed-coil approach to the observation of NMR in a
water sample, which they doped with paramagnetic ions to reduce the
relaxation times. They had laid the foundation of liquid-state
NMR. Their letter to Phys. Rev. was received on 29 January 1946.
This was the detonation of an explosive wave of research on
magnetic resonance which has spread throughout the world and shows
no sign of abating. Prescient as the original discoverers were,
the staggering diversity of applications and ramifications of mag
netic resonance could hardly have been envisaged in 1946. The one
page of Physics Abstracts records two further papers from Bloch and
his coworkers, another from Zavoisky, and a transatlantic conver
sion in Rollin who published his paper on spin-lattice relaxation
in Nature of 9 November 1946 - a remarkable feat, considering pub
lication lags on both sides of the Atlantic. We appear to be
still in the 'discovering' phase in magnetic resonance, with a long
while to go before the subject is 'over the hill'.
The papers in this volume were presented at the International
Symposium on Electron and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, held at
Monash University in Melbourne, 11-15 August 1969. The exception
vii
viii Preface
is the paper by Professor P.J. Bray, who was unavoidably prevented
from attending. They present authorative reviews of their subjects,
with a good deal of new work in each. The panoramic purview of the
subject by Professor J.H. Van Vleck formed the substance of his
after-dinner address at the Symposium banquet. In all, more than
one-hundred papers were presented at the Symposium, and their
diversity and sophistication emphasized just how far the subject
has travelled in twenty-odd years. Milligram quantities for
specimens rather than 850 cm3 have become commonplace, computers
are almost de rigueur, and new applications appear daily.
Progress in the subject can still be summed up by Purcell's
evaluation in his Nobel Prize speech: 'If you will think of the
history of ordinary magnetism - the electronic kind - you will re
member that it has been rich in difficult and provocative problems,
and full of surprises. Nuclear magnetism, so far as we have gone,
is like that too.' A simple transposition to electron spin reson
ance also would be apposite.
The Symposium Organizing Committee is most grateful to a number
of organizations and people for assistance in staging the Symposium
and in the preparation of this volume. Foremost in this list is
the Australian Academy of Science, which sponsored the Symposium
and supported it financially via a Commonwealth Government grant.
We would like to express our appreciation to the Executive Secretary
of the Academy, Mr J. Deeble, and to Mr P.O. O'Connor for their help
in arranging the Symposium and these Proceedings. Monash University
and the Commonwea~th Scientific and Industrial Research Organization
have been exceedingly generous in providing facilities and assist
ance of every kind. Additional financial assistance was given by
the Australian Atomic Energy Commission, Newport Instruments Ltd
(U.K.) and Perkin Elmer Pty Ltd, for which we are most grateful.
It is a pleasure to express our appreciation to the Australian
Institute of Physics in their sponsorship of Professor C.P. Slichter
as A.I.P. Lecturer for 1969, thereby assisting in defraying his
expenses of travel to Australia. We also greatly appreciated the
cheerful and unsparing help given at all times by Mrs Janette
Eisenegger and Mrs Carol Anthony.
The bulk of the work of preparing this volume, which has run
through more than its deserved share of vicissitudes, has fallen
on Stephen Stuart, whose editorial expertise has been its salva
tion. It is only by a cruel barb of fortune that the book has not
appeared in the year of the Symposium.
Melbourne C. K. COOGAN
3
JanuaTy 1970
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
R. Blinc, Yugoslavia
R. D. Brown, Australia
C. K. Coogan (Chairman), Australia
S. Fujiwara, Japan
H. S. Gutowsky, U.S.A.
J. R. Pilbrow (Secretary), Australia
N. Sheppard, U.K.
C. P. Slichter, U.S.A.
R. Steet, Australia
PROGRAMME COMMITTEE
H. C. Bolton
R. J. C. Brown
1. D. Campbell
R. A. Craig
B. N. Figgis
N. S. Ham (Chairman)
M. L. Heffernan
H. F. Symmons
G. J. F. Troup
G. W. West
G. V. H. Wilson (Secretary)
PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE
P. J. Fensham
J. Liesegang
T. Mole
A. G. Moritz
S. N. Stuart (Convener)
ix
CONTENTS
Page
v The Contributors
vii Preface
1 A Third of a Century of Paramagnetic Relaxation and Resonance
J.H. Van Vleck
11 N.M.R. Studies of Glasses and Related Crystalline Solids
P.J. Bray
41 Charge Distributions in Ionic Crystals from the N.M.R. and
N.Q.R. of Na and Cu
G.E. Peterson
63 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in the Non-cubic Metals
R. G. Barnes
91 Hyperfine Interactions and Associated Properties of Alkali
Metals
S.D. Mahanti, L. TterZikkis and T.P. Das
119 Spin-Lattice Relaxation, Unstable Lattice Modes, and
Critical Fluctuations
R. BUnc
133 An Information Theory of Line Shape in Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance
J.G. PowZes and B. Carazza
163 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Rapidly Rotating Solids
E.R. Andrew
177 Multiple-pulse N.M.R. Experiments and Averaging Effects
J.S. Waugh
187 Spin-flip Scattering of Electrons from Atoms Embedded in
Metals
J.R. Asik, M.A. BaZZ, E.K. CorneZZ and CharZes P. SZichter
197 Electron Spin Resonance in Dilute Magnetic Alloys
J. Dupraz, B. Giovannini, R. Orbach, J.D. RiZey and
J. Zitkova
xi
xii Contents
Page
227 E.P.R. Study of Nuclear Radiation Effects in CaW04
Kikuchi and David R. Mason
Chihi~o
247 Optical, Paramagnetic and Endor Spectra of some Rare-earth
Ions in CaF2
D. Ki~o and W. LOU)
271 Paramagnetic Resonance of Electronic States of Crystal
Defects
W. Hayes
289 Gas-phase Electron Resonance Spectra of Linear Triatomic
Free Radicals
A. A.R. B.J. and N.J.D. Lucas
C~~ngton, Fab~s, HOU)~d
309 Studies of Rate and Equilibrium Processes by Nuclear
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
L.M. Jackman
323 Proton-decoupled Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance
D.M.
G~t
339 On Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Nematic Liquid Crystal
Solvents
Saupe
AZf~ed
361 Nuclidic Mass Measurement by Ion Cyclotron Resonance and
Isotopic Abundance-ratio Measurement by Proton Resonance
Satellites
Shizuo Fujiwaru
371 The Symposium Papers
377 Index