Magnesium Alloys - Corrosion and Surface Treatments

356 Pages·2011·53.95 MB·English

by  Frank Czerwinski (Editor)

MAGNESIUM ALLOYS (cid:883)
CORROSION AND
SURFACE TREATMENTS
Edited by Frank Czerwinski
Magnesium Alloys - Corrosion and Surface Treatments
Edited by Frank Czerwinski
Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
Copyright © 2011 InTech
All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons
Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy,
distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original
work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors
have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they
are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication,
referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source.
Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors
and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted
for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher
assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out
of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book.

Publishing Process Manager Iva Lipovic
Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic
Cover Designer Martina Sirotic
Image Copyright Leigh Prather, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com
First published January, 2011
Printed in India
A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]
Magnesium Alloys - Corrosion and Surface Treatments, Edited by Frank Czerwinski
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-307-972-1
free online editions of InTech
Books and Journals can be found at
www.intechopen.com

Contents
Preface IX
Chapter 1 Thermally-Formed Oxide
on Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys 1
Teng-Shih, SHIH, Jyun-Bo LIU and Pai-Sheng WEI
Chapter 2 Oxidation Resistance of AM60,
AM50, AE42 and AZ91 Magnesium Alloys 15
Jožef Medved, Primož Mrvar and Maja Vončina
Chapter 3 In Situ Ellipsometric Study
on Corrosion of Magnesium Alloys 29
Lingjie LI, Jinglei LEI and Fusheng PAN
Chapter 4 Environmental Friendly Corrosion
Inhibitors for Magnesium Alloys 47
Jinglei LEI, Lingjie LI and Fusheng PAN
Chapter 5 Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior
of Magnesium Alloys in Biological Solutions 65
Amany Mohamed Fekry
Chapter 6 Magnesium Alloys as Promising Degradable
Implant Materials in Orthopaedic Research 93
Janin Reifenrath, Dirk Bormann and Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg
Chapter 7 Mg Alloys Development
and Surface Modification for Biomedical Application 109
Shaokang Guan, Junhua Hu, Liguo Wang, Shijie Zhu, Huanxin
Wang, Jun Wang, Wen Li, Zhenwei Ren, Shuai Chen, Erchao
Meng, Junheng Gao, Shusen Hou, Bin Wang and Binbn Chen
Chapter 8 Electroless and Electrochemical Deposition
of Metallic Coatings on Magnesium Alloys
Critical Literature Review 153
Massimiliano Bestetti and Anna Da Forno
VI Contents
Chapter 9 Corrosion Protection
of Magnesium Alloys by Cold Spray 185
Julio Villafuerte and Wenyue Zheng
Chapter 10 Protective Coatings for Magnesium Alloys 195
Stephen Abela
Chapter 11 Anodization of Magnesium Alloys
Using Phosphate Solution 221
Koji Murakami, Makoto Hino and Teruto Kanadani
Chapter 12 Improvement in Corrosion Fatigue
Resistance of Mg Alloy due to Plating 237
Sotomi Ishihara, Hisakimi Notoya and Tomonori Namito
Chapter 13 High Functionalization of Magnesium Alloy Surface
by Superhydrophobic Treatment 261
Takahiro Ishizaki, SunHyung Lee and Katsuya Teshima
Chapter 14 Application of Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy
to Studies of Subsurface Zones Induced
by Wear in Magnesium and its Alloy AZ31 289
Jerzy Dryzek and Ewa Dryzek
Chapter 15 DLC Coating on Magnesium Alloy Sheet
by Low-Temperature Plasma for Better Formability 305
Yu IRIYAMA and Shoichiro YOSHIHARA
Chapter 16 Instrumental Chemical Analysis
of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys 327
Michihisa Uemoto

Preface
The traditional application market of magnesium alloys is in automotive and aerospace
industries where weight reduction is vital for economy of fuel consumption. It is be-
lieved that the transport industry needs magnesium to survive in sustainable world.
Consumer electronics is an emerging market, exploring magnesium for housings of
computers, cellular phones, cameras and other telecommunication hand-held devices.
The small size and low weight of consumer electronics products is compensated by
their high yearly demand reaching hundreds of millions of pieces, frequent upgrades
requiring a model change and overall annual growth. Similar features fuel a use of
magnesium in household and leisure products. Furthermore, magnesium application
continues to increase in bio-materials sector. Magnesium alloys are biocompatible and
research shows signifi cant progress on bioabsorbable magnesium stents and ortho-
topedic hardware. Resorbable magnesium alloy implants for osteosynthetic surgery
would be advantageous to common implants of titanium or surgical steel thus elimi-
nating a need of second surgery for implant removal.
A resistance to surface degradation at room and elevated temperatures is paramount
for majority magnesium applications. High reactivity of magnesium and limited sur-
face stability still represent major drawback in application expansion and create a se-
rious challenge for scientists and engineers. As in the case of other metals, a basic
distinction is made between high temperature oxidation and room temperature cor-
rosion. Although typical service temperatures of magnesium parts are relatively low,
the alloy processing and component manufacturing stages frequently require heat
treatment may cause extensive oxidation. In general, room temperature corrosion of
magnesium alloys is aff ected by the same factors important to other metals. However,
the particular eff ect of corrosive environments of gases, sea water, engine coolant or
human-body fl uids is unique for magnesium alloys. A separate issue represents elec-
trochemical corrosion where due to low electro-negativity of magnesium it is easily at-
tacked in industrial joints. Hence, surface protection techniques for magnesium alloys
are essential.
An emphasis of this book is on magnesium oxidation, corrosion and surface modifi -
cations, aimed at enhancement of alloy surface stability. First two chapters provide
description of high temperature oxidation with details of oxide structures and oxida-
tion characteristics of several commercial alloys. Following chapters cover elements of
general corrosion, methods of its investigation and corrosion inhibitors. The subject
of magnesium degradation in human-body fl uids that controls medical applications
for surgical implants, exploring bio-compatibility of magnesium alloys, is described
X Preface
in subsequent three chapters. Several fi nal chapters are devoted to methods of surface
modifi cation and coatings, designed to improve corrosion resistance, corrosion fatigue,
wear and other properties. Each chapter contains a rich selection of references, useful
for further reading.
A mixture of theory and technological details makes the book a valuable resource for
professionals from both academia and industry, primarily dealing with light metals
and magnesium alloys. I anticipate this book will also att ract readers from outside the
magnesium fi eld and allow them to understand application opportunities created by
this unique light metal.
December 2010
Frank Czerwinski
Bolton, Ontario,
Canada
[email protected]