Madhya Bharati, मध्य भारती: Bilingual Research Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences

262 Pages·2018·16.21 MB·Hindi & English

by  A D Sharma (Chief Editor)

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ekufodh ,oa lektfoKku dh f}Hkk"kh 'kks/k&if=kdk
ISSN 0974-0066
¼vad&74] tuojh&twu] 2018½
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e/; Hkkjrh
ekufodh ,oa lektfoKku dh f}Hkk"kh 'kks/k&if=kdk
vad&74] tuojh&twu 2018
ISSN 0974-0066 ¼iwoZ&lehf{kr v)Zokf"kZd 'kks/k&if=kdk½
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izdkf'kr jpukvksa ds vfHker ls MkWDVj gjhflag xkSj fo'ofo|ky;] lkxj
;k lEikndksa dh lgefr vfuok;Z ugha gSA
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ckS) /keZ n'kZu vkSj ekDlZokn ds lkFk nfyr lkfgR; dk varlZEcU/k 32
nhid flag
Hkkjrh; Kkku ijEijk esa dke'kkL=k dk bfrgkl38
jk?kosUnz feJ
/keZ vkSj foKku dk varfoZjks/k 59
vfuy dqekj frokjh
deys'oj ds ^dkyh vka/kh* miU;kl esa L=kh&foe'kZ 68
latho dqekj fo'odekZ
'kkL=kh; laxhr esa yksd laxhr ds rRo 73
c`ts'k feJk
xk¡/kh ds jk"Vªokn dh vo/kkj.kk 83
iadt flag
Hkjgqr dh dyk esa izfrfcfEcr yksd thou 94
d`".k nso ik.Ms;
ledkyhu lekt&n'kZu vkSj Lokeh foosdkuUn103
'kSy dqekjh
e/;izns'k dh laLd`fr esa Nrjiqj vapy dh Hkwfedk 118
fo'kky foØe flag
,f'k;kbZ ifjn`'; vkSj Hkkjr&phu laca/k 128
usgk fujatu
^ml tuin dk dfo gw¡* % dfork ds ljksdkj 135
nqxsZ'k oktis;h
efgyk l'kDrhdj.k esa efgyk iqfyl dh Hkwfedk ds izfr efgykvksa 146
dk n`f"Vdks.k ¼lkxj uxj ds ifjizs{; esa ,d v/;;u½
foosd esgrk
Kant's Political Philosophy 156
Sabhajeet Mishra
Brahman According to Râmak??na Paramhamsa 170
Bhavatosh Indra Guru
Problem of Mechanism and Teleology in Kantian Philosophy 178
Sanjay Kumar Shukla
Diabolical Phase of Androcentrism : A Feminist Critique 186
of Shashi Deshpande's That Long Silence
Poonam Pahuja
Changing Dimensions of Child Psychology 195
in Indian Writings
Devendra Kumar Prajapati
Is Dreaming Phenomenon Real : A Philosophical Analysis 201
Niladri Das
Average Level of Socioeconomic Status is Conducive for 207
Metacognitive Awareness and Academic Success
Deepika Jain, Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari and Ishutta Awasthi
Menstrual Distress and Attitude towards Femininity 222
of Rural and Urban Adolescent Girls
Priya Jain, Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari and Ishdutta Awasthi
The Spiritual Beliefs and Quality of Life of Cancer 234
Patients : A Correlational Inquiry
Devaki Nandan Sharma, Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari,
Pramod Kumar Rai and Sushil Gour
Situating the Idea of Truth : Construting the 245
Past in News Narratives
Shuchi Yadav
Style is the Man : Homage to 257
Prof. Samarendra Saraf (1931-2017)
Jawahar Lal Jain
HkkLdjkpk;Z jfpr xf.krh; d`fr yhykorh % ,d voyksdu
jkeizlkn
izLrqr ys[k esa HkkLdjkpk;Z jfpr xf.krh; d`fr yhykorh dk ,d voyksdu v/;srkvksa ds fy,
izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA bl ys[k dk ewy mn~ns'; ;gh gS fd ftu ikBdksa dks ;g iqLrd fdlh dkj.k ls
miyC/k ugha gks ik;h gS mUgsa bl iqLrd dh ,d >yd fey ldsA iqLrd dk ewy Lo:i laLd`r Hkk"kk ds
e/;dkyhu :i esa gS ftl ij le; ds cgko ds lkFk vusdksa Vhdk,¡ fy[kh x;haA izLrqr voyksdu
jkeLo:i 'kkL=kh dh Vhdk] tks fd lEcr~ 1954 esa Nih] ds vk/kkj ij gSA orZeku dky esa izpfyr Hkk"kk dh
n`f"V ls yhykorh iqLrd ij bl Vhdk dh ek/kw;Zrk dqN fDy"V gSA bl ys[k ds ys[kd us ;gh iz;Ru fd;k gS
fd u rks 'yksd dk ewy :i cnys vkSj u gh Vhdkdkj dh Hkk"kk dk :i vf/kd cnysA
HkkLdjkpk;Z] ftUgsa HkkLdj f}rh; ds uke ls Hkh izfLkf) feyh gS] ládqy ioZr ds lehi fcTtM
chM+ ¼lEHkor% orZeku chtkiwj½ uked LFkku ij 'kkds 1036 ¼lu~ 1115½ esa tUesa FksA ;g fooj.k Lo;a
HkkLdjkpk;Z us xksyk/;k; uked d`fr esa fy[kk gSA yhykorh] ewy esa HkkLdkjkpk;Z }kjk jfpr fl)kUr
f'kjkse.kh] dk O;Dr xf.kr laca/kh v/;k; gSA bu rhu d`fr;ksa ds vfrfjDr xf.krk/;k;] dj.kdqrwgy o
chtxf.kr uked xzUFk Hkh budh d`fr;ksa esa gSaSA miyC/k fooj.k ds vuqlkj rRdkyhu xf.krh; d`fr;ksa esa
fl)kar f'kjkse.kh dk vf/kd izpkj o izlkj FkkA HkkLdjkpk;Z ds izkjafHkd thoudky esa yYyk fl)kar
izpfyr FkkA HkkLdjkpk;Z us Hkh yYyk fl)kUr i<+k o le>k o rc vusdksa LFkkuksa ij yYy&er dk [k.Mu
fd;kA mUgksaus czãxqIr d`r czã fl)kar esa izfrikfnr erksa dks LohdkjkA
yhykorh d`fr ij jkeLo:i 'kkL=kh3 ls iwoZ xaxk/kj] lw;Znkl] y{ehnkl] equh'oj] jked`".k o
d`ikukFk vkfn fo}r~tuksa dh Vhdk,a gSaA lu~ 1587 eas vdcj ckn'kkg dh vkKk ls QSt+h ¼vdcj ds ukS
jRuksa esa ls ,d½ us yhykorh dk vuqokn Qkjlh esa fd;k rFkk lu~ 1816 esa gsujh Vkel dksyczwd vkSj ts-
Vsyj us vaxzsth esaA
HkkLdkjkpk;Z viuh xzUFkkoyh esa ;gh fpf=kr djrs gSa fd xf.kr fo"k; dk i<+uk] le>uk o mls
i<+kdj tulkekU; dks O;ogkj fl[kkuk ije izfrf"Br gSA bl fo"k; dks i<+us ls LokUr% lq[k rks gksrk gh gS
vkSj lkFk gh lkFk nSfud thou laca/kh dfBu O;ogkjksa dks Hkh lqxE; fd;k tk ldrk gSA os eu gh eu
vR;Ur nq%[kh gksrs gSa fd mudh n`f"V esa lukru xf.kr dks iw.kZ jhfr ls tkuus okys fo}r~tu nwj&nwj rd
vfr nqyZHk gSaA bruk thouksi;ksxh 'kkL=k fpUrdksa dh le> ls ckgj gSA
fl)kar f'kjksef.k ds O;Dr xf.kr laca/kh v/;k; dks ,d vyx d`fr ds :i esa j[kuk o mldk
e/; Hkkjrh&74] tuojh&twu] 2018] ISSN 0974-0066, pp. 5-23
6@e/; Hkkjrh
uke yhykorh j[kuk fpard dh n`f"V esa fo"k; dks egÙo nsuk FkkA ij le;&le; ij dqN yksxksa us bl
laca/k esa Hkzfer fopkj Hkh izpkfjr fd;sA buesa ls dqN dk fopkj Fkk fd HkkLdjkpk;Z us viuh iq=kh yhykorh
dh tUedq.Myh esa fo/kok dk ;ksx ns[kdj mldk fookg ugha fd;k o lalkj esa mlds uke dh izflf) ds
fy, mlh ds uke ls] nq%f[kr gksdj] ikfVxf.kr dh LFkkiuk dhA dqN vU; yksx ftUgksaus HkkLdjkpk;Z dh
bl d`fr dks i<+k o le>k gh ugha] mudk ;g vuqeku Fkk fd HkkLdjkpk;Z lUrkughu FksA vr% mUgksaus
viuh iRuh yhykorh dk uke bl lalkj esa LFkkfir jgus ds fy, iRuh ds uke ls gh bl ikfVxf.kr dk
'kh"kZd yhykorh j[kkA ijUrq ukfld ds lehi feys ,d rkezi=k ds vuqlkj ;g izrhr gksrk gS fd
HkkLdjkpk;Z ds iq=k&ikS=k FksA bl rkezi=k esa 16 'yksd gSa o bldh LFkiuk Jh 'kds 1128 ¼lu~ 1207½ esa
izHko uked lEoRlj ds Jko.k ekl esa ikS.kZekL; panzxzg.k ds fnu mifLFkr leqnk; dh tkudkjh esa gq;hA
bl rkezi=k esa dqN 'yksd HkkLdjkpk;Z dh cqf)] foosd] fo}rk] fparu o muds vadxf.kr
laca/kh Kku&Hk.Mkj dh iz'kalk djrs gSaA ,d blls Hkh vU; fopkj ;g Hkh Fkk fd HkkLdjkpk;Z xq:dqy esa
i<+rs Fks vkSj buds xq: us bUgsa lqlaLd`r le>dj loZfo|k;qDr tkudj viuh iq=kh dk ikf.kxzg.k laLdkj
buds lkFk djuk pkgk] ij HkkLdjkpk;Z us xq:&iq=kh&cfgu eku dj xq: ds izLrko dks f'kjks/kk;Z ugha fd;kA
bl mgkiksg dks 'kkUr djus ds fufeÙk HkkLdjkpk;Z us ikfVxf.kr dh jpuk dk 'kh"kZd xq:&iq=kh ^yhykorh*
ds uke j[kkA
fopkj djus ij le> esa vkrk gS fd HkkLdjkpk;Z Lo;a Lohdjkrs gSa fd ;g fo"k; cgqr xw<+ gSA
bl xw<+ mfä dks pfjrkFkZ djus ds fy, os dqN 'yksdksa esa yhykorh dks "kks<+lh ls lacksf/kr djrs gSaA mudh
lksp gS fd xf.kr :ih yhykorh vHkh rk:.; dks izkIr ugha gq;hA ;g fo"k; papyk ds leku piy gSA
v/;srk fo"k; dh xgjkbZ dks ugha Nw ikrk gS] D;ksafd fo"k; dh ped&papyrk mls Hkzfer dj nsrh gSA os
ikfVxf.kr dk lacks/ku yhykorh ls djrs gSa D;ksafd o`r ds {ks=kQy laca/kh 'yksd ls os ikBdksa dks mykguk
nsrs gSa fd ;fn yhykorh dks tkurs gks rks o`Ùk ds {ks=kQy crykvksA blh rjg vfUre fo"k; ds vfUre
'yksd esa os dgrs gSa fd yhykorh xzUFk tks jhfr;ksa ls 'kksHkk;eku gS o jhfr;k¡ jl;qDr gSa] ftls daBLFk gksrh
gSa og lq[kh gksrk gS o mlds ?kj esa le`f) gksrh gSA bu dFkuksa] mfDr;ksa o 'yksdksa ls Li"V >ydrk gS fd
yhykorh dksbZ nqfgrk ugha gS vfirq ;g ek=k xf.krh; jpuk gSA fo"k; dk vkd"kZ.k lkekU; cqf) ds yksxksa
rd igq¡pkus ds fy, mUgksaus ifVxf.kr dk uke yhykorh j[kkA os xf.kr dk izpkj o izlkj pkgrs FksA iqLrd
dh vuqØef.kdk esa dqy ,d lkS NCchl fo"k; o muds foLrkj gSaA eaxykpj.k ds i'pkr~ ifjHkk"kk izdj.k]
rkSy] ekxZ /kkU;kfndksa o dky dk ifjek.k] laKk izdj.k] la[;k&LFkku o laKk&dks"Vd] ifjek"Vd] ladfyr
o O;odfyr] xq.kk] Hkkx] oxZ] oxZewy] ?ku o ?kuewy dj.k lw=k] fHkUu ifjek"Vd o ifjdekZ"Vd] rgk¡ tkfr
prq"Vd] Hkkx tkfr o izHkkx tkfr dj.k lw=k] Hkkxkuqca/k o Hkkxkiokg dj.k lw=k] fHké ladfyr o
O;odfyr lw=k] fHké xq.kkdkj o Hkkxdkj dj.k] fHké oxZ] ?ku] ewy o ?kuewy dj.k lw=k( 'kwU;ifjdekZ"Vd]
O;Lr fof/k izdkj] b"VdeZ] fo"kedeZ] oxZdeZ o xq.kdeZizdkj] =kSjkf'kd fof/k] O;Lr =kSjfk'kd izdkj]
iapjkf'kd] lIrjkf'kd o uojkf'kdkfnd lw=k] Hkk.M izfrHkk.Md fof/k] feJ izdj.k] feJkUrj izdkj o.kZu]
ok.kh iwj.k izdkj] Ø; foØ; fof/k] jRu feJ dj.k izdkj] lqo.kZ xf.kr] lqo.kZ o.kZ Kku o lqo.kZ Kku
izdkj] vU; izdkj ls lqoxZ Kku fof/k] dwnkf'pR;kfndksa dk izdj.k] Js<+h O;ogkj o d`R;kfn ;ksx fof/k]
mRrep; Kku izdkj] eq[k Kku] p;Qy Kku izdkj] leo`Rr Kku fof/k] {ks=k O;ogkj] HkqtdksfV&d.kZ Kku]
vU; izdkj o.kZu] vklé ewy tkuus ds mik;] =k;lztkfr o.kZu] b"Vd.kZ ls dksfV ykus dk izdj.k]
HkkLdjkpk;Z jfpr xf.krh; d`fr yhykorh % ,d voyksdu@7
izdkjkUrj o.kZu] b"V ls HkqtdksfV d.kkZu;u fof/k] d.kZ dksfV esa Hkqt Kku] Hkqt d.kZ ;ksx vkSj dksfV Kku]
Hkqt ls dksfV d.kZ dks i`Fkd djus dk izdkj] dksfV ds ,d ns'k ;qr d.kZ Hkqt ls dksfV d.kZ dks tkuuk] Hkqt
dksfV ;ksx vkSj d.kZ dks i`Fkd~ djus dk izdkj] yEcko ck/kk Kku] vFk{ks=k dk y{k.k] vck/kk Kku o.kZu]
prqHkZqt o f=kHkqt {ks=k esa vl"V rFkk l"V Qy dk ykuk] LFkwyiuk fu:i.k] fo'ks"k fof/k dk o.kZu] leku
prqHkqZt {ks=k vkSj vk;kr {ks=k esa Qy dk ykuk] Qy yEc vkSj d.kZKku] d.kZKku ds izdkj] d.kZ esa b"V
dYiuk dk dFku] fo"ke prqHkqZt Qyku;u] leku yEc {ks=k dh vck/kk dk Kku] leku yEc {ks=k esa y?kq
izfØ;k lwph {ks=k o.kZu] laf/k vkfn dk ykuk] d.kks± ds ;ksx esa v/kksyEc dk Kku] lwph ds vck/kk yEc dk
Kku] Hkqt dk Kku] o`Rr {ks=k] o`Rr nks xksyksa (Spheres) ds Qy dk Kku] vU; izdkj] 'kj o thok dk ykuk]
o`Rr ds Hkhrj lefUudks.kkfn uo dks.k i;ZUr {ks=kksa ds Hkqtkvksa dks ykus dk izdkj] LFkwy thok esa y?kq izfØ;k]
/kuq"k dk vku;u fof/k] [kkr O;ogkj] [kkr esa yEckbZ o pkSM+kbZ dk Kku o.kZu] vU; izdkj ls [kkr o.kZu]
fpfr O;ogkj o.kZu] fpdukbZ dk {ks=kQy] Ødp O;ogkj] ydM+h phjus dk izdkj] izdkjkUrj] jkf'k O;ogkj
o.kZu] /kkU; jkf'k;ksa ds O;ogkj dk izdkj] Hkhr ds vUnj&ckgj yxs /kkU; jkf'k ds ykus dk izdkj] Nk;k
O;ogkj dFku] nks Nk;k;ksa dk vUrj ykus dk izdkj] Nk;kUrj ykus dk nwljk izdkj] nhid dh Å¡pkbZ] 'kadq
o Hkwfe ds vUnj dh Hkwfe dk Kku] Nk;k o nhid dh Å¡pkbZ dk Kku] =kSjkfld Hksn o.kZu] dqV~Vd O;ogkj]
dqV~Vd esa izdkj] r`rh; dqV~Vd fof/k] vU; dqV~Vd izdkj] vU; izdkj] fLFkj dqV~Vd dFku] dqV~Vd dk
mi;ksx o.kZu] lafÜy"V dqV~Vd] vadik'k izdkj o.kZu] vadik'k esa fo'ks"k fof/k] vadksa ls laLFkk Hksn dk
ykuk] vfu;r o vrqY; vadksa esa Hksn dk ykuk] vadik'k fof/k izdkj] vadik'k esa LokuqHko] xzUFk iz'kalkA
mDr of.kZr leLr fo"k;ksa dks ek=k c;kyhl fuEu 'kh"kZdksa esa] izfrLFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA bu
'kh"kZdksa dks ^izdkj* o ^O;ogkj* dh Js.kh esa j[kk x;k gSA ^izdkj* O;atdksa dh Js.kh bl Hkk¡fr gS && ifj
dekZ"Vd] xq.ku] Hkkx] oxZ ,oa oxZewy dj.k] ?ku ,oa ?kuewy dj.k] izHkkx tkfr] HkkxkuqcU/k Hkkx izokg]
fHkUu ladfyr ,oa O;odfyr] fHkUu xq.ku] fHkUu oxZ] 'kwU; ifjØe] O;Lr fof/k] b"VdeZ] n`"V tkfr] 'ks"k
tkfr] fo'ys"k tkfr] oxZ deZ] xqq.k deZ] =kSjkf'kd] O;Lr =kSjkf'kd] iapjkf'kdkfn] lIr] uo] ,dkn'k jkf'kd
izdkjA ^O;ogkj* O;atdksa dh Js.kh bl Hkk¡fr gS & feJd] feJdj.k] Ø;&foØ;] jRufeJd] lqo.kZ xf.kr
feJd] NUnf'pfr xf.kr] Js<+h] {ks=k] [kkr] fpfr] Ødp] jkf'k] Nk;k] dqV~Vd o vadik'k O;ogkjA
ifjHkk"kk izdj.k esa NksVs& cM+s Hkkjksa dk uki o yEckb;ksa dh eki ds fy, fuEu O;oLFkk,a nh x;h gSa &
Hkkj ds uki %&
¼v½20 ojkVd ¼dkSM+h½ = 1 dkfd.kh] 4 dkfd.kh = 1 i.k 16 i.k = 1 nze] 16 nze = 1 fu"d
¼c½ 2 ;o ¼Hkkj esa½ = 1 xaqtk ¼jRrh½] 3 jRrh = 1 cYYk] 1cYy = 1 /kj.k 2 /kj.k = 1 x|k.kd
¼l½ 5 jRrh = 1 ek'kk] 16 ek'kk = 1 d"kZ] 4 d"kZ = 1 iy
¼n½ 16 jRrh = Vad] 72 Vad = 1 lsj] 40 lsj = 1 eu
¼;ouks dh laKk½
¼;½/kkU;kfn rkSy& 4 izLr = 1 vk<+d] 4 vk<+d = 1 nzkS.k] 16 nzkS.k = 1 [kkjh] 1 [kkjh = ,d gkFk yEck]
pkSM+k o xgjk x<+k Hkjdj /kkU;kfn dk ekiA
yEckbZ ¼nwjh½ dk uki %&
¼d½vkB tkS ds nkuksa dh eksVkbZ dks feykdj = 1 vaxqy]
24 vaxqy = 1 gkFk ¼gkFk dk vFkZ % dqguh dh uksd ls ek/;ek vaxqyh ds vUr rd dk uki ½]
8@e/; Hkkjrh
4 gkFk = 1 n.M] 2000 n.M = 1 Øks'k] 4 Øks'k = 1 ;kstu] 10 gkFk = 1 cal
{ks=kQy %&
20 oal yEck o 20 cal pkSM+k {ks=k = 1 fuorZu ¼Hkkj o yEckbZ vkfn ds fofHkUu uki&o.kZu
1
vy~&c:uh d`r bafMdk½ ¼lpkÅ }kjk vaxzth vuqokn½ esa vf/kd foLrkj ls gSa½
blh Øe esa nl vk/kkjh la[;kvksa ds uke fuEu 'yksdksa esa LFkkfir fd; x;s gSa &
,d n'k 'kr lgL=kk;qr y{k iz;qr dksV;% Øekr~A
vcqZneCta[koZ fujooZ egkin~e 'ka[koLr Lekr~AA
tyf/k ÜpkaR;a e/;a ijk)Z fefr n'k xq.kksRrjk% laKk%A
la[;k;k% LFkkukuka O;ogkjkFkZ d`rk% iwoZs%AA
mDr 'kCn la[;kvksa dks vadksa esa bl izdkj fy[ksaxs &
,d = 1] n'k = 10] lglz = 100] v;qr = 1000] y{k = 1000]0
iz;qr = 1000]00( dksfV = 1000]000( voqZn = 1000]000]0]
vCt = 1000]000]00( [koZ 1000]000]000] fu[koZ = 1000]000]000]0(
egkin~e = 1000]000]000]00
la[k = 1000]000]000]000(
tyf/k = 1000]000]000]000]0
vUR; = 1000]000]000]000]00(
e/; = 1000]000]000]000]000(
ijk)Z = 1000]000]000]000]000]0(
bl izdkj iwoZ vkpk;ks± us la[;k dks O;ogkj ds fy, iwoZ&iwoZ dh vis{kk mÙkjksÙkj nl xquk
laKk dgk gSA
yhykorh dk ;g voyksdu dRrkZ Åij fyf[kr lcls cM+h la[;k ls Hkh dYiukrhr cM+h
la[;kvksa] ftudh egÙkk orZeku esa gks pqdh gS] dk vfr la{ksi esa mYys[k djus dk uez lkgl djrk gS &
oSKkfud 'kks/kksa ls Kkr gqvk gSa fd izksVksu (proton : an elemenlary particle with a
positive electric chanrge equal to that of an electron) dk thou dky yxHkx bDdrhl vadksa
4
okyh la[;k & o"kZ ls vf/kd dk gSA lw;Z ds lkSje.My esa pfyr fi.Mksa dh i`Foh dh lrg ls nwjh
izdk'k&lsfd.M ¼186000@&½ ehy izfr lsfd.M] izdk'k feuV] izdk'k o"kZ ----- vkfn ls vuqeku :i esa ukih
tkrh gSa lkSj e.My o ml vkdk'k xaxkvksa ds fofHkUu rkjk&izdk'k iqatksa dh nwjh Hkh vR;Ur cM+h la[;k okys
izdk'k&o"kksZ esa vkadh tkrh gSA ;s vuqeku la[;k,¡ bruh cM+h gSa fd bUgsa vadks esa fy[kuk vlEHko gS] czãk.M
ds v/;;u dj jgs izpq{kqvksa us gcy nwjchu (Hubble Telescope) dh lgk;rk ls ;g vkdyu fd;k fd
euq"; dks vHkh rd leLr czãk.M dk ek=k yxHkx n'keyo ,d izfr'kr {ks=k dk gh vkHkkl gks ik;kA ;fn
¼leLr!½ czãk.M dks vkHkklh xksys (the inaginalive sphere whose center car not be located and
the radius is neither measurable nor infinite) ds :i esa lkspsa rks mlds v)ZO;kl dh yEckbZ dh
dYiuk fdrus vadksa dh la[;k izdk'k o"kZ dh gksxh! ;g rF; rkfdZd :i ls Ýh,Meku vfHkladYiuk
(Friedman model hypothesis) ds ek/;e ls LFkkfir gks pqdh gS fd mDr&laHko&v)ZO;kl vuUr Hkh
4
ugha gSA vr% ,slk yxrk gS fd dYiukrhr la[;kvksa dks 'kCnksa esa gh fy[kdj mudk vkHkkl fd;k tk
ldrk gSA