Machine Models of Music'

540 Pages·1993·70.328 MB·English

by  Stephan Schwanauer, David Levitt

MachinMeo delosfM usic
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MachinMeo delosfM usic
editbeydS tephMa.nS chwanaaunedDr a viAd. L evitt
ThMeI TP ress
CambdgrMeia,s sachusetts
LondEonng,l and
Copyrgihtde Material
© 19M9a3s sachIunssettoitftTs ue tcehn ology
Alrli grhetsse rNvoep da.ro tft hbioso mka yb e reproadnufyco erdbm ya i nney l ectronic
orm echanmiecaan(lsi nclpuhdoitnogc orpeycionrgod,rii nngf,o rmsattoiroaanng de
retriweivtahlpo)eu rtm isisnwi rointf irnotgmh peu blisher.
Thibso owka sse itnT imeRso mabnyA scTor adTey peseLtttdHi.on,gn K go nga,n d
wapsr inatnebddo unidnt hUen itSetda otefAs m erica.
LibroafCr oyn grCeastsa loging-inD-aPtuab lication
Machmiondee olfms u siecd/i btyeS dt epMh.aS nc hwanaanuDdea rv Ai.dL evitt.
p.c m.
Inclbuidbelsi ogrreaefprheinaccneaidsln dex.
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Contents
Preface
Xl
Introduction 1
I FoundatGieonnesr:a tTee-sCaton mdp-osition 7
MusiCcoamlp osiwtiitohHn i gah -SDpiegeidCt oamlp uter 9
LjeraeHnil learn Lde onIasrada cson
2 AnE xperiimnMe unsti Ccaolm position 23
F. BPr.o, oJ krAs..L, .H opkJirnP.s.,, N Ge.u mann,
anWd. Wright
V.
3 A Technfiotrqh uCeeo mpositMiuosnii cnao C fo mptuer 43
StanGlielyl
FoundatCioomnpso:s ition Parsing 53
II
4 A Progfroatrmh A en atliyRce adionfSg c ores 55
AllFeonr te
5 PattienMr uns ic 83
HerbAe.Sr itm aonnRd i chaSrudm nKe.r
6 Linigsutainctdsh Ceo mpuAtnearyl soifsT onHaalr mony 131
TerWriyn ograd
IIIA Ia nMdu siHce:u riCsotmipco sition 155
7 SimulaMtuisnigc alb ySD kiigliCltosam lp uter 175
JohRnoh tgeb
8 Musiacn dCo mpuCtoemrp osition 176
JamAensd erMsoooenrr
9 ProcSetsrsu ctaunrMdiu nsgiT ch eory 198
StepWh.Se mno liar
IV AI aMnuds iGce:n eraGtriavmem ars 213
InS earocfah G eneraGtriavmem faorrM usic 215
10 OttEo.L a ske
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Contents
viii
11 A Methfoodr CompSoismipTnlrgea ditMiuosnibacyl
Computer 243
GarMy.R ader
12 GeneraTthievoeri inLe asn guaangMde u siDce scriptio2n6s3
lohSaunn dbaenBrdojg r Lni ndblom
13 AnO vervoifHe iwe rarcShtircuaciltnM u ursei c 289
FreLde rdaanhRdla l ya ckendoff
V AIa nMdu siAcl:t ernTahteiovrei es 313
14 AnA rtifIinctieealnllc Aiepg protaoTc ohn aMlu siTch eory 315
lamMeese han
15 MusiMci,n da,nM de aning 327
MarvMiisnnk y
VI AIa nMdu siCco:m posiTtoioolns 355
16 MotivaDteisoinag,nn Pd,r oducotfai on
PCroomtpoocsoifltoS:rio olnPo i ano 357
CharAlmeess
17 AnE xpeSryts tfeomHr a rmoniFzoiunrg- CPhaorrta les 385
KemEablc ioglu
18 A CompuMtoedre olfM usiCco mposition 403
DavCiodp e
19 FlavBoarnsAd :L angufaogSrep ecifMyuisnigcS atlyl e 427
ChristForpyh er
VIIA Ia nMdu siNce:wD irections 453
20 A RepretsaetnfiooMrnu siDcailea clts 455
DavAi.Ld e vitt
21 TheP ercepotfMi eolno dies 471
H.C hristLoopnhgeure t-Higgins
22 MUSACTA: C onnectMioodneoilfsM tu sicHaarlm ony 497
lamsJhB.eh da rucha
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Contents IX
23 A LearnMiancgh ifnoTero nCaolm position 511
StepMh.Sa cnh wanauer
AppendiMxu siDciacle Game 533
WolfgAamnagd Meouzsa rt
Index 539
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Preface
MachMiondeeo lfM su shiacs o riitigsnsi ynsst eemofafrtttoims co del the
mind'sc mruesapitrcioavcHleei istpss o .s stiob lmeto hdgoehulit st,h ould
bep ossaiswb eltleoml o dcerle atthiovuaegn hidtpn, a rtimcuusliacra,l ly
creatthiovueHg thhte.ir saep rocmeusssi,cc arlelaoytrg i evnee rally
creaotroi tvhee rdwuipsleit,ch apetr ioncsgeh sosbu elp do sswiibttlhhee
preciasncidoo nns iosftse ynmcbymo alniicp ualfoafrtditeooudn s by
machmiondeeo lfs m ind.
Thqeu esrteiomnasiw ne.u nDdoe rmsutsafinrcdoa gm enetrhaelo ry
ofmi ndd? owO esr t awrittth hme u siocuatlop mfui tn tdh aaltl uosw st o
testm ooduearln esdx pafnrdot mh etroame o rceo mprehmeondseilv­e
firostfm usiccraela tainvdi totyfhc erne atiingv einteDyro aelos?u r
understoafcn rdeiantiging ve intehryea lolupm r o deolfim nugsi inac n
interacWthievdneo ecwsra eya?it mniu vsibitecyg in-twhpieat tht erned
respoonfes leesm ecnotmaproyso irwt iittohhdne e parftruorme sf orm of
genius?
Theed iotfto hriss s hbaotrohpeker emtihstaehts e m asltler pesqe udi r
tom odtehlce o mpustoelrut tosi poencsi fic musictaelc hp­roblems with
niques frloemmaa rtnheiedcmm sau,ts tihce oarnaydr, t iifincitigeaellnl ce
wialdlv atnhucene d ersotfa nmduisniggce anlecr raaelna dt ivity.
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Introduction
Machine moddealtsfoe rm ot fhe eam rulsciioecms ptu AtdeaAr us­.
gustCao-untoefLs osva eclper,o graomftm hfieerr as nta lyetnigcianle
anmdi storfe isinstv se SnitCroh ra,rB laebsb agee-seshxeehpdror pfeosr
sucmho deiln14s 8 3.
Thoep eramteicnhga [noisfam tn hacela yeltn igi.nm.ei.]g ahctut p oont htehri ngs
besinduemsb weerro,ejb ecftuosnw dh omsuet ufauln damreenltaactloi uoblneds
exepsrsbeytd h oosfte h aeb stsrcaiceotnfo c pee raatniwdoh nissc hho uallbdse o
suscetpot iatbchlteeoi fo not pheer antoitnagat nimdoe nc hanoifts hemen gine.
Suppofsoirn gi,n tshtaatnf cutenh,de a mreenltaaotlfip ointscs hoeudni dnts h e
scieonfhc aer maonnodyfm u siccoamlp oswietrsieuo snc eopfst uicebhxl per ession
anadd aptattheieno gnmisin,ge ch otm peolsaeb oarnsadct iee pniteiocffmei uscs ic
ofa ndye groefce o mploerxe ixttye nt.'
Whadtis dhm ee aDni?sd h teh itnhkta htae n alyetnigiconapele' rsa ting
notaatnimdoe nc hacnoiusalmcud tp omnu sircealla tiwoenrtsehh eiyp s
expreascsceodrt doai" nsgc ioefon pceer atDiiosdnh msee" a?tn h tahte
analyetnigcianlea t, h ewooifrtt hyhwe a myu swiocr ckosu,el ndng eier
pieocfems u siinc soobmjee cstciiveesn etni-sfitecu nienmgo tions,
clonsitnyggle ense,r caotmipnogs itionasu dcfieoesrn? targeted
Adar'esm asrukgsg esscti eonafmc ues iinc ,ci atuassn eid t eseff citn,
whitchhme a chciannet hbee vferodh eivcelleao nptdie nsgtt hienogr ies.
Machmiondeeo lfms u sliect s tuumsdu ys ipchaeln oimnteh nceao n­
trolelnveidr ontmhelena tb oorWfah teotrehyxe.pr r eassas s epde cific
modfeolcr r eaatf iarnggm eonfatc omposoirat sai g oenn emroadle l
fohro wc omposeivtoilfoovrnmese acoht hae mra,c hine model of
muspirce saenen xtpsl diecsictro ifmp utsisioucnb jteorc eutft atoiro n
veirctiaifon.
Whidlees crainppdtr ievdeit chteioovrmfeiu esssii cnt chGeer eehkasv e
assumed mienttheordnocalolont gseiincsmcaaylc, h idneemsai natdn d
tireelxepsosssylesy t ienmceiorche nFcrioeGmsu .i dd'orA ezzloo'osk up
chafrogtre nerpaittifcnrhgoes msy ll(acb1al00.e0 s tcou rrleenatr n­
intgh eomroideeshl,as va ep plviaerdi omuaAst.lhDye. m)a tics, psychology,
linqsua,in sadtdh i ogccr ammtaor se ncmaupssiuccloaamltp eo sition. Not
until machine cohmopwuetvcieonruga,l m dua svmiaocid lealb ility,
demonsittprsra otceev dauloruvaemel er a ninlgafrsugplealo nymfs u sical
time.
Musmiocd elsr eenadseimrlaeycd h iiamnspe l emefnrote axtaimopnlse,,
SamuPeelp yMsu'ssa riMtihrfmaciia(c ca1a 76.0 W)o,l fgAamnagd eus
MozaMruts'issk cahWleuiesfre ls(pMiuesliD ciacGlea me[)19 7]1,a nd
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2 Itnroduction
DietWriinckhCe olm'pso n(i18u2me1 x)i sbteeftdoh rieen trodoufc tion
thveo Nne umann cIowtma ptsuh gteee nre.pr raolglrya mmmaacbeh,li en
howetvhebaret,g tahnme a icno nfluoefmna cceh iannmdeu ss ic.
Thiasn thologrye pirnecslmeuonddteeafsltr siot vmhbe ee ginonfi ngs
machiimnpel emeonfmt uasttiiotoc hn pesr es(eWnaetp .o lofgoirz ea ny
relewvoarenkxt c lfuodrree da soofn so veorrls aoicfgk h stu sffipcaiceen.t)
Histopraitctcaehlrna sr actthdeeer viezleo opfmmo ednetlt iecnuhgen si,q
and stehceto ifMo ancsh Miondeeo lfM su sciocr retsotp hoenhsdie s tori­
capla tterns.
I FoundatGieonnesr:a tTee-saCtno dm-position
Theea rliimpelsetm emnatcehdi neo fmm uosdiecl sr tehfqeliu tierreidn g
orfa ndoomrpl sye udo-rgaenndeornmaolttMyeea dsr .vkc ohaoipfnrso b­
abilaintdoi,ce csa sihoenuarlcilosynt,si tccr oanitnrtvosal rlioeordud se rs
onfo ctoem biniaantg ieonnesrc aotmepdo sMiodteilodener.rs io vredde rs
ofco mbinpartoiboanbf irlosimat mipmeluses di acg iivsnet ny le.
LjearHeinla lneLdre onIasrada cpsioonn'ewseo rroiknnt ghI eLL IAC
compu(1t9e5rf5 o)i,rn nsctgea,e nerraetseiuslnf ut orse xperifmoern ts
musiccoamlp osbiatsioenodt n h pes eudo-greannedrooamfnt oitoens
follboywt ehsdea s tafictoifco onn stfroadriie nfrtfessnt ty lceosm poofs i­
tioUnn.l iHkiela lneIdrs aacFsroend,e ricekt (Ba1r9lo5.do8 o)nk ost
emplhoeyu rciosntsitcr aadi enstissr tefyodolfc re o mposhiotewivoenr;,
themiord deole cso nstrcaoimnp oistiostu itopnuatMl a wrvikn tooht e
combinpartoiboanbg illeiaftnoriemaed ns e aralniaelrpy atsSistc.a nley
Gilmlo'ds(e 1l9 6i3n)t urcoetdshs ea mgee neratep-aarnaddt-iotg ems t
non tmounscaiolcm position.
IIF ountdiaoCnosm:p osiPtairosni ng
Witthhe es tabloifms ahcmheminontde ef loasrl gorciotmhpmoisci tion,
modebleegrtsaof nc o uosn t hree veprrsoec easlsg oorfai ntahlmyisci s.
Sucahn aloyrps airss hiantdgh g eo aolfd iscotvhepera itntgae nrdn s
struoceftx utrmaeun sti cal Nloisttu errpartimusoridene.gbl leeygrt,aso n
appretchrieoa otlfhee e uriisnat viocissde ianrgc hc-ormeblaitneadt orial
explosions.
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