MACHINE LEARNING AND DEEP LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR MEDICAL SCIENCE Artificial Intelligence (AI): Elementary to Advanced Practices Series Editors: Vijender Kumar Solanki, Zhongyu (Joan) Lu, and Valentina E Balas In the emerging smart city technology and industries, the role of artificial intelligence is getting more prominent. This AI book series will aim to cover the latest AI work, which will help the naïve user to get support in solving existing problems and for the experienced AI practitioners it will assist in shedding light on new avenues in the AI domains. The series will cover the recent work carried out in AI and its associated domains; it will cover Logics, Pattern Recognition, NLP, Expert Systems, Machine Learning, Block-Chain, and Big Data. The work domain of AI is quite deep, so it will be covering the latest trends that are evolving with the concepts of AI and it will be helping those new to the field, prac- titioners, students, as well as researchers, to gain some new insights. Enabling Technologies for Next Generation Wireless Communications Edited by Mohammed Usman, Mohd Wajid, and Mohd Dilshad Ansari Artificial Intelligence (AI) Recent Trends and Applications Edited by S. Kanimozhi Suguna, M. Dhivya, and Sara Paiva Deep Learning for Biomedical Applications Edited by Utku Kose, Omer Deperlioglu, and D. Jude Hemanth Cybersecurity Ambient Technologies, IoT, and Industry 4.0 Implications Gautam Kumar, Om Prakash Singh, and Hemraj Saini Industrial Internet of Things Technologies, Design, and Applications Edited by Sudan Jha, Usman Tariq, Gyanendra Prasad Joshi, and Vijender Kumar Solanki Machine Learning And Deep Learning Techniques For Medical Science Edited by K. Gayathri Devi, Kishore Balasubramanian and Le Anh Ngoc For more information on this series, please visit: https://www.routledge.com/Artificial- Intelligence-AI-Elementary-to-Advanced-Practices/book-series/CRCAIEAP MACHINE LEARNING AND DEEP LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR MEDICAL SCIENCE Edited by K. Gayathri Devi, Kishore Balasubramanian, and Le Anh Ngoc MATLAB® is a trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. and is used with permission. The MathWorks does not warrant the accuracy of the text or exercises in this book. This book’s use or discussion of MATLAB® software or related products does not constitute endorsement or sponsorship by The MathWorks of a particular pedagogical approach or particular use of the MATLAB® software. First edition published 2022 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 and by CRC Press 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC © 2022 selection and editorial matter, K. Gayathri Devi, Kishore Balasubramanian, and Le Anh Ngoc; individual chapters, the contributors Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright. com or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected] Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Names: Gayathri Devi, K. G., editor. Title: Machine learning and deep learning techniques for medical science / edited by K. Gayathri Devi, Kishore Balasubramanian, Le Anh Ngoc. Description: First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2022. | Series: Artificial intelligence (AI): elementary to advanced practices | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “This book presents the integration of machine learning and deep learning algorithms that can be applied in the healthcare sector to reduce the time needed by doctors, radiologists, and other medical professionals to analyze, predict, and diagnose conditions with accurate results”‐‐ Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2021059672 (print) | LCCN 2021059673 (ebook) | ISBN 9781032104201 (hardback) | ISBN 9781032108827 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003217497 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Medical informatics. | Machine learning. | Deep learning (Machine learning) | Artificial intelligence‐‐Medical applications. | Medical technology. Classification: LCC R858 .M316 2022 (print) | LCC R858 (ebook) | DDC 610.285‐‐dc23/eng/20220120 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021059672 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021059673 ISBN: 978-1-032-10420-1 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-10882-7 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-21749-7 (ebk) DOI: 10.1201/9781003217497 Typeset in Times by MPS Limited, Dehradun Contents Editor Biographies..................................................................................................ix List of Contributors...............................................................................................xi Chapter 1 A Comprehensive Study on MLP and CNN, and the Implementation of Multi-Class Image Classification using Deep CNN...........................................................................................1 S. P. Balamurugan Chapter 2 An Efficient Technique for Image Compression and Quality Retrieval in Diagnosis of Brain Tumour Hyper Spectral Image.................................................................................27 V. V. Teresa, J. Dhanasekar, V. Gurunathan, and T. Sathiyapriya Chapter 3 Classification of Breast Thermograms using a Multi-layer Perceptron with Back Propagation Learning..............................45 Aayesha Hakim and R. N. Awale Chapter 4 Neural Networks for Medical Image Computing........................75 V. A. Pravina, P. K. Poonguzhali, and A. Kishore Kumar Chapter 5 Recent Trends in Bio-Medical Waste, Challenges and Opportunities...................................................................................97 S. Kannadhasan and R. Nagarajan Chapter 6 Teager-Kaiser Boost Clustered Segmentation of Retinal Fundus Images for Glaucoma Detection....................................109 P M Siva Raja, R P Sumithra, and K Ramanan Chapter 7 IoT-Based Deep Neural Network Approach for Heart Rate and SpO Prediction............................................................121 2 Madhusudan G. Lanjewar, Rajesh K. Parate, Rupesh D. Wakodikar, and Anil J. Thusoo v vi Contents Chapter 8 An Intelligent System for Diagnosis and Prediction of Breast Cancer Malignant Features using Machine Learning Algorithms......................................................................................143 Ritu Aggarwal Chapter 9 Medical Image Classification with Artificial and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks: A Comparative Study..........153 Amen Bidani, Mohamed Salah Gouider, and Carlos M Travieso-Gonzalez Chapter 10 Convolutional Neural Network for Classification of Skin Cancer Images...............................................................................175 Giang Son Tran, Quoc Viet Kieu, and Thi Phuong Nghiem Chapter 11 Application of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging........195 Sampurna Panda and Rakesh Kumar Dhaka Chapter 12 Machine Learning Algorithms Used in Medical Field with a Case Study..........................................................................203 M. Jayasanthi and R. Kalaivani Chapter 13 Dual Customized U-Net-based Based Automated Diagnosis of Glaucoma...................................................................................221 C. Thirumarai Selvi, J. Amudha, and R. Sudhakar Chapter 14 MuSCF-Net: Multi-scale, Multi-Channel Feature Network using Resnet-Based Attention Mechanism for Breast Histopathological Image Classification.......................................243 Meenakshi M. Pawer, Suvarna D. Pujari, Swati P. Pawar, and Sanjay N. Talbar Chapter 15 Artificial Intelligence is Revolutionizing Cancer Research......263 B. Sudha, K. Suganya, K. Swathi, and S. Sumathi Chapter 16 Deep Learning to Diagnose Diseases and Security in 5G Healthcare Informatics.................................................................279 Partha Ghosh Contents vii Chapter 17 New Approaches in Machine-based Image Analysis for Medical Oncology..........................................................................333 E. Francy Irudaya Rani, T. LurthuPushparaj, E. Fantin Irudaya Raj, and M. Appadurai Chapter 18 Performance Analysis of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Diagnosing COVID-19: Data to Deployment......................361 K. Deepti Chapter 19 Stacked Auto Encoder Deep Neural Network with Principal Components Analysis for Identification of Chronic Kidney Disease.............................................................................................385 Sanat Kumar Sahu and Pratibha Verma Index......................................................................................................................397 Editor Biographies Dr. K. Gayathri Devi has 21 years of experience working as a Professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr. N.G.P Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India. She received her B.E. degree in ECE from Coimbatore Institute of Technology (1998), and M.E degree from Dr Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, (2005) and Ph.D. from Medical Image Processing (2016) under the affiliation of Anna University, Chennai. She has published 3 patents, 26 papers, 3 book chapters, and 24 conference publications. She is an editor of the book “Artificial Intelligence Trends for Data Analytics Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches” published by CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. She is also a reviewer of several SCI and Scopus indexed journals. She has completed 21 online certification courses from NPTEL, Coursera, Mathworks and Great Learning and Topper in the NPTEL courses “Digital Image Processing of Remote Sensing Images” and “Outcome based pedagogic principles for effective teaching”. Received Grant from Anna University Chennai and ICMR to conduct programmes. She is a life member in ISTE, IETE and IAENG. Dr. Kishore Balasubramanian has more than 17 years of academic experience in imparting Engineering Education. He received his Bachelor’s Degree in Electronics and Instrumentation from Bharathiar University, India, Master’s Degree in Applied Electronics from Anna University, India and Ph.D. (Information and Communication Engineering) from Anna University, India. His research interests include Medical Image Processing and Computer Vision. He is an active reviewer in many SCI and Scopus indexed journals, conferences and editor in several scientific international journals. He has authored three books in the field of Analog Electronics and has published papers in international and national journals. He has received grants from CSIR, DRDO (Government Funding agencies) for conducting Faculty Development Programmes, Workshops and Conferences. He is a member of ISTE, IRED and IAENG. Presently he is working as an Assistant Professor (Senior Scale) in the Department of EEE and holds the additional portfolio as Training Officer (Career Planning and Guidance Cell) at Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering & Technology, India. Dr. Le Anh Ngoc is a Director of Swinburne Innovation Space, Swinburne University of Technology (Vietnam). He received his B.S in Mathematics and Informatics from Vinh University and VNU University of Science, Master’s degree in Information Technology from Hanoi University of Technology, Vietnam, and Ph.D. degree in Communication and Information Engineering from the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kyungpook National University, South Korea, in 2009. His general research interests are Embedded and Intelligent Systems, Communication Networks, the Internet of Things, Image/Video Processing, AI & Big Data Analysis. On these topics, he published more than 60 papers in International journals and Conference proceedings. He served as a Keynote Speaker, TPC member, Session chair, Book Editor, and Reviewer of The international conferences and journals (Email: [email protected]). ix