Machiavelli: The Prince PDF
Preview Machiavelli: The Prince
CAMBRIDGE TEXTS IN THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT MACHIAVELLI The Prince SecondEdition This new edition of the acclaimed translation of Niccolò Machiavelli’s ThePrince–revisedforthefirsttimeafter30years–includesarewritten and extended introduction by Quentin Skinner. Niccolò Machiavelli is arguablythemostfamousandcontroversialfigureinthehistoryofpolitical thought. The Prince remains his best-known work, and throws down achallengethatsubsequentwritersonstatecraftandpoliticalmoralityhave found impossible to ignore. Quentin Skinner’s introduction offers a lucid analysisofMachiavelli’stextbothasaresponsetotheworldofFlorentine politicsandasacriticalengagementwiththeclassicalandRenaissancegenre ofadvice-booksforprinces. This edition also features an improved timeline of key events in Machiavelli’s life, helping the reader place the work in the context of its time,inadditiontoanenlargedandfullyupdatedbibliography. Quentin Skinner is the Barber Beaumont Professor of the Humanities at QueenMaryUniversityofLondon. Russell Price, who died in 2011, was Senior Lecturer in Politics at the UniversityofLancaster CAMBRIDGE TEXTS IN THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT GeneralEditor QUENTIN SKINNER Barber Beaumont Professor of the Humanities, Queen Mary University of London EditorialBoard MICHAEL COOK Professor of Near Eastern Studies, Princeton University GABRIEL PAQUETTE Dean of the Clark Honors College, University of Oregon ANDREWSARTORI Professor of History, New York University HILDE DEWEERDT Professor of Chinese History, Leiden University CambridgeTextsintheHistoryofPoliticalThoughtisfirmlyestablishedas themajorstudentseriesoftextsinpoliticaltheory.Itaimstomakeavailable allthemostimportanttextsinthehistoryofpoliticalthought,fromancient Greecetothetwentiethcentury,fromthroughouttheworldandfromevery politicaltradition.Allthefamiliarclassictextsareincluded,buttheseries seeks at the same time to enlarge the conventional canonthrough a global scope and by incorporating an extensive range of less well known works, many of them never before available in a modern English edition, and to presentthehistoryofpoliticalthoughtinacomparative,internationalcon- text. Where possible, the texts are published in complete and unabridged form,andtranslationsarespeciallycommissionedfortheseries.However, where appropriate, especially for non-Western texts, abridged or tightly focusedandthematiccollectionsareofferedinstead.Eachvolumecontains a critical introduction, together with chronologies, biographical sketches, aguidetofurtherreading,andanynecessaryglossariesandtextualapparatus. Overall,theseriesaimstoprovidethereaderwithanoutlineoftheentire evolutionofinternationalpoliticalthought. Foralistoftitlespublishedintheseries,pleaseseeendofbook. MACHIAVELLI The Prince EDITEDBY QUENTIN SKINNER BarberBeaumontProfessoroftheHumanities,QueenMaryUniversityofLondon AND RUSSELL PRICE SeniorLecturerinPolitics,UniversityofLancaster1933–2011 UniversityPrintingHouse,Cambridgecb28bs,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,ny10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,vic3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre, NewDelhi–110025,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107145863 doi:10.1017/9781316536223 ©intheEnglishtranslationandeditorialmatterCambridgeUniversityPress 1988,2019 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firsteditionpublished1988 Thirty-secondprinting2018 Secondeditionpublished2019 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyTJInternationalLtd.PadstowCornwall AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. isbn978-1-107-14586-3Hardback isbn978-1-316-50926-5Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Contents EditorialNote pageviii Introduction x PrincipalEventsinMachiavelli’sLife xxvii BibliographicalNote xxx Translator’sNote xxxvi NoteontheText xl Map:NorthernandCentralItaly,c.1500 xli DedicatoryLetter:NiccolòMachiavellitoHisMagnificence Lorenzode’Medici 3 I HowManyKindsofPrincipalityThereAre,andbyWhat MeansTheyAreAcquired 5 II HereditaryPrincipalities 6 III MixedPrincipalities 6 IV WhytheKingdomofDarius,WhichAlexander Occupied,DidNotRebelagainstHisSuccessorsafter Alexander’sDeath 15 V ByWhatMeansCitiesorProvincesthatLivedunder TheirOwnLawsbeforeTheyWereOccupiedOught toBeAdministered 17 v Contents VI NewPrincipalitiesAcquiredbyOne’sOwnArmsand Ability 19 VII NewPrincipalitiesAcquiredthroughtheArms andFortuneofOthers 22 VIII ThoseWhoBecomeRulersthroughCrime 29 IX TheCivilPrincipality 33 X InWhatWaystheStrengthsofAllPrincipalitiesShould BeMeasured 37 XI EcclesiasticalPrincipalities 39 XII HowManyKindsofSoldiersThereAre,andMercenary Troops 41 XIII Auxiliaries,MixedTroopsandOne’sOwnTroops 46 XIV HowaRulerShouldActConcerningMilitaryMatters 50 XV TheThingsforWhichMen,andEspeciallyRulers, ArePraisedorBlamed 53 XVI LiberalityandParsimony 54 XVII CrueltyandMercifulness;andWhetherItIsBetter toBeLovedthanFeared,ortheContrary 56 XVIII InWhatWayRulersShouldKeepTheirPromises 59 XIX HowContemptandHatredShouldBeAvoided 62 XX WhetherBuildingFortresses,andManyOtherThings ThatRulersFrequentlyDo,AreUsefulorUseless 70 XXI WhataRulerShouldDoinOrdertoBeThought Outstanding 74 XXII OnThoseWhomRulersEmployinSecretMatters 77 XXIII HowFlatterersShouldBeShunned 79 XXIV WhytheRulersofItalyHaveLostTheirStates 80 XXV HowMuchControlFortuneHasoverHumanAffairs, andbyWhatMeansSheShouldBeResisted 82 vi Contents XXVI AnExhortationtoSeizePossessionofItalyandAssert HerLibertyfromtheBarbarians 85 AppendixA LettersRelevanttoThePrince 90 AppendixB NotesontheVocabularyofThePrince 98 BiographicalNotes 114 IndexofSubjects 144 IndexofProperNames 151 vii Editorial Note When the original version of this edition was published in 1988, the division of labour between me and my co-editor, Russell Price, was as follows.IwrotetheIntroduction,andalsocompiledtheBibliographical NoteandthelistofprincipaleventsinMachiavelli’slife.Thetranslation wastheworkofRussellPrice,whowasalsoresponsiblefortheannota- tions to the text, the Appendices, the Biographical Notes and the Indexes.HeexpressedhisgratitudeinourEditors’NotetoPaoloRossi forcheckingmostofhistranslation,andtoFrancescoBadolato,Luciano Cheles and Michael Oakeshott for commenting on particular chapters. ForfurtheradvicehethankedBrunaIsellaandtheRev.GiovanniRulli, SJ;andforhelpwithcorrectingtheproofshethankedHarroHöpfl. ForthisneweditionIhaverewrittentheIntroductionandproduced a more extensive and up-to-date Bibliography. With an Anglophone audienceinmindIhaveplacedmymainemphasisonbooksandarticles in English. I need to stress, however, that some of the best recent scholarshiponMachiavellihasbeenpublishedinFrenchandespecially inItalian,andIhaveincludedsomeofthemostimportantoftheseworks. IammuchindebtedtoJohnMcCormickandPeteStaceyforenlighten- ingdiscussionsaboutrecenttrendsinthescholarlyliterature. Russell Price, who died in 2011, never proposed any changes to his translation,andIhavegenerallyresistedthetemptationtotinkerwithit. But I need to note two exceptions to this rule. One relates to Machiavelli’s chapter headings, which appear in Latin in the earliest manuscriptsofThePrince.SomeofRussell’srenderingsofMachiavelli’s Latincanonlybedescribedasmisleading,andIhavetriedtoimprove them. The other exception is due to the fact that some of Russell’s viii
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