Mabel Alvarez

129 Pages·2005·0.41 MB·Spanish

International Federation of Surveyor
Fédération Internationale de Géomètres
Internationale Vereinigung del Vermessungsingenieure
Federacion Internacional de Geometras
FOUNDATION GRANT 2004
EL CATASTRO EN ARGEN TINA
EN LOS ÚLTIMOS 50 AÑOS
Y UNA VISIÓN DEL CATASTRO EN BRA SIL
CADASTRE IN ARGEN TINA
OVER THE LAST 50 YEARS
AND AN OVERVIEW OF THE CADASTRE IN BRA ZIL
Autores:
José David Belaga
Benito Miguel Vicioso
Víctor Hansjürgen Haar
Julio Mattar Novelli
Mabel Alvarez de López
Diego Alfonso Erba
Mauricio Roberto Veronez
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AAAAAbbbbbssssstttttrrrrraaaaaccccctttttsssss ........................................................................ 9
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Resumen .................................................................. 19
1.1 La Agrimensura antes y después
de la sanción del Código Civil ............................ 20
1.2 La Mensura. Concepto, principios y clasificación 27
1.3 Objetivos y fines de la Mensura .......................... 33
1.4 La Mensura considerada como acto jurídico
en el marco del Código Civil .............................. 42
1.5 La Mensura y la prueba de la tradición ............... 46
1.6 La Mensura y el Catastro
Influencia en la publicidad inmobiliaria ............... 49
1.7 La registración catrastal de los planos de Mensura 54
1.8 La influencia de la georreferenciación en la Mensura 56
1.8.1 Criterios discutibles en torno ....................
Indice Indice
a la georreferenciación ............................ 61 2.4.1 Fecha de creación ..................................... 87
1.8.2 Utilidades de la georreferenciación .......... 66 2.4.2 Finalidad ................................................... 87
Referencias y Bibliografía consultada ........................ 68 2.4.3 Parcelas que se registran .......................... 88
Autores ...................................................................... 72 2.4.4 Armado de los planos del Registro Gráfico 88
2.4.5 Vinculación con el Registro de la Propiedad 89
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Bibliografía ................................................................ 91
Resumen ................................................................... 75 Autor ......................................................................... 93
2.1 Introducción ........................................................ 76
2.2 Los departamentos topográficos .......................... 77
2.2.1 Fecha de creación .................................. 77 33333 ----- PPPPPrrrrriiiiinnnnnccccciiiiipppppaaaaallllleeeeesssss cccccaaaaarrrrraaaaacccccttttteeeeerrrrríííííssssstttttiiiiicccccaaaaasssss dddddeeeeelllll CCCCCaaaaatttttaaaaassssstttttrrrrrooooo AAAAArrrrrgggggeeeeennnnntttttiiiiinnnnnooooo
2.2.2 Finalidad .................................................. 78 dddddeeeeesssssdddddeeeee 11111999999999900000 hhhhhaaaaassssstttttaaaaa eeeeelllll ppppprrrrreeeeessssseeeeennnnnttttteeeee .......................................................................................................................................................................... 95
2.2.3 Parcelas que se registran ........................... 79
2.2.4 Armado de los planos del Registro Gráfico 80 Resumen ................................................................... 95
2.2.5 Vinculación con el Registro de la Propiedad 80 3.1 Introducción ........................................................ 96
2.2.6 Nomenclatura parcelaria ........................... 81 3.2 Etapas de análisis en el período 1990-2004 ......... 96
2.2.7 Actualización ........................................... 81 3.2.1 Período 1990-1993 ................................. 96
2.3 Las direcciones de catastro ................................ 81 3.2.2 Situación a Diciembre de 2000 ................. 101
2.3.1 Fecha de creación ...................................... 81 Seminario – Taller: “Catastro un desafío
2.3.2 Finalidad .................................................. 82 con muchas oportunidades” ............................... 101
2.3.3 Parcelas que se registran .......................... 84 3.2.3 Situación al año 2003 ............................... 115
2.3.4 Armado de los planos del Registro Gráfico 84 3.3 Contexto internacional, principales hitos del
2.3.5 Vinculación con el Registro de la Propiedad 85 Catastro en el período 1990-2004 ...................... 122
2.3.6 Nomenclatura parcelaria ........................... 86 3.4 Contexto en el que se desarrolla
2.3.7 Actualización ............................................ 86 el Catastro Argentino actualmente ..................... 129
2.4 Los sistemas de información territorial ................ 87
Indice Indice
3.4.1 Gobernanza ............................................... 130 La publicidad de los Derechos Reales
3.4.2 Sociedad de la Información (SI) ................ 130 en el Derecho Civil Argentino .................................. 168
3.4.3 Ordenamiento Territorial .......................... 131 Los principios registrales en la Ley 17.801 ................... 173
3.4.4 Sistema Integrado de Información Hídrica La publicidad catastral y sus efectos
(SIIH) y Catastro rural ............................. 132 en la publicidad de los Derechos Reales ................... 183
3.4.5 Panorama social de América Latina ............ 134 Concepto de publicidad catastral .............................. 184
3.5 Situación al año 2004 con relación a las Situación actual e importancia ................................... 187
conclusiones. Recomendaciones de las tres etapas Fundamento constitucional de las legislaciones
de análisis y al contexto externo .......................... 135 catastrales. Ley de Fondo o Poder de Policía .......... 189
3.5.1 Con relación a las Recomendaciones Registración catastral ................................................ 192
del período 1990 – 1993 .......................... 135 La registración catastral y los principios registrales ..... 197
3.5.2 Respecto a las Conclusiones Registros catastrales ................................................... 208
Recomendaciones del Seminario Taller Folio catastral ............................................................ 210
del año 2000 ............................................. 144 La registración catastral y la informática ................... 214
3.5.3 Respecto a la situación al Año 2003 .......... 150 Autor ........................................................................ 216
3.6 Reflexiones finales sobre el futuro del
Catastro Argentino ............................................. 155
Bibliografía ................................................................ 157 55555 ----- EEEEElllll CCCCCaaaaatttttaaaaassssstttttrrrrrooooo TTTTTeeeeerrrrrrrrrriiiiitttttooooorrrrriiiiiaaaaalllll yyyyy lllllaaaaa PPPPPuuuuubbbbbllllliiiiiccccciiiiidddddaaaaaddddd IIIIInnnnnmmmmmooooobbbbbiiiiillllliiiiiaaaaarrrrriiiiiaaaaa
Webgrafía .................................................................. 159 eeeeennnnn BBBBBrrrrraaaaasssssiiiiilllll ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 219
Autor ........................................................................ 160
Resumen ................................................................... 219
Introducción ............................................................ 220
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5.3 Catastro rural ..................................................... 229
Resumen .................................................................. 163 5.3.1 El nuevo Catastro Nacional
Concepto de publicidad de los Derechos Reales ....... 164 de Inmuebles Rurales .............................. 232
Indice
5.3.2 Actuación Profesional en el área
de Catastro Rural ..................................... 236
5.4 Catastro urbano ............................................. 238
5.5 Levantamientos y cartografía catastral ................. 241
5.5.1 Red de Apoyo y Sistemas
de Referencia ........................................... 243
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5.6 Consideraciones finales .................................... 250
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Bibliografía ................................................................ 252

Autores ..................................................................... 254 AAAAANNNNNDDDDD AAAAANNNNN OOOOOVVVVVEEEEERRRRRVVVVVIIIIIEEEEEWWWWW
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Argentine Surveying is, since the beginning of the XIX century, a faithful
heir of the Roman surveying. In the same way as the Roman Right is the
main source of the Spanish Right and the present Argentine Right,
specially regarding immovable real rights.
However, the difference with other Latin American countries, the
process for determining the territorial property through specific survey
(mensura) originated in our local right (1810 –1871) was non existent in
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The Argentine Cadastre over the last fifty years and an overview of the Cadastre in Brazil Abstracts
Europe. This constitutes an original system in the Argentine real Estate CCCCChhhhhaaaaapppppttttteeeeerrrrr 22222
business, much wider than the Spanish concept of demarcation (deslinde), MMMMMaaaaaiiiiinnnnn ccccchhhhhaaaaarrrrraaaaacccccttttteeeeerrrrriiiiissssstttttiiiiicccccsssss ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee AAAAArrrrrgggggeeeeennnnntttttiiiiinnnnneeeee CCCCCaaaaadddddaaaaassssstttttrrrrreeeee
prepping, and setting of landmarks. It includes a group of operations: uuuuunnnnntttttiiiiilllll ttttthhhhheeeee nnnnniiiiinnnnneeeeetttttiiiiieeeeesssss
research, demarcation, measurement, setting of land marks and
cartographic representations of immovable through a succession of The chapter develops the evolution of the Argentine Cadastre in three
surveying acts intimately related with the right. different stages corresponding to the following titles: Topographic
Immovable Rights and the Surveying are intimately related by the Departments, Cadastral Directorates and the Land Information Systems.
land surveyor (agrimensor), the surveying (mensura) and Cadastre, as For each of these stages the following are considered: Date of set up,
from the process, which establishes on the land the boundaries of aim, parcels which are registered, maps development as graphic register,
properties, which are based on the juridical causes that originated them. relationship between Cadastre and Property Register, parcel identifiers
The mentioned process concludes with State intervention, through and update of cadastral data.
Cadastral Organizations, where the cartographic documents of such acts The third title: Land Information System only mentions the beginning
are registered. of such systems, because these are described in more detail in Chapter 3,
The present chapter deals with the essential aspects of the relationship concerning the period starting in the nineties until year 2004.
between land surveying and cadastre, defining initially the fundamental
principles of the land surveying, its objectives and aims in the framework
of the corresponding immovable juridical system that is in force. CCCCChhhhhaaaaapppppttttteeeeerrrrr 33333
The relationship between the land surveying and other juridical acts MMMMMaaaaaiiiiinnnnn ccccchhhhhaaaaarrrrraaaaacccccttttteeeeerrrrriiiiissssstttttiiiiicccccsssss ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee AAAAArrrrrgggggeeeeennnnntttttiiiiinnnnneeeee CCCCCaaaaadddddaaaaassssstttttrrrrreeeee
established by the Civil Code, their importance as a fundamental proof aaaaafffffttttteeeeerrrrr dddddeeeee nnnnniiiiinnnnneeeeetttttiiiiieeeeesssss
for the real rights transaction processes are also considered. Finally its
relationship with the immovable publicity and the influence of geo- The chapter deals with the main aspects, which have characterised the
reference regarding its aims and effects are treated. development of the Argentine Cadastre since 1990 up to December 2004.
The chapter is developed in a temporal sequence, highlighting the
main points.
With the aim of describing the principal aspects, which characterise
the period of this study, a wide context is analysed.
Three different stages are considered:
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The Argentine Cadastre over the last fifty years and an overview of the Cadastre in Brazil Abstracts
Period from 1990 to 1993, in such period 18 out of the 23 Argentine real rights: The title deeds as an efficient origin, which added to
provinces started with cadastral development projects solemnities of the law and its publicity plus the possession of the object
Year 2000, because in December of this year a Seminar and Workshop of such rights. The object determination need through the survey and
took place. Cadastral organisations of 19 provinces took part with the cadastre is also considered.
aim of evaluating the produced changes since early nineties and establish
future guidelines.
Year 2003, because in this year the national governmental sector in CCCCChhhhhaaaaapppppttttteeeeerrrrr 55555
charge of cadatral project co-ordination initiated around 1990, presented CCCCCaaaaadddddaaaaassssstttttrrrrreeeee aaaaannnnnddddd iiiiinnnnnmmmmmooooovvvvvaaaaabbbbbllllleeeee pppppuuuuubbbbbllllliiiiiccccciiiiitttttyyyyy iiiiinnnnn BBBBBrrrrraaaaazzzzziiiiilllll
the results of the follow up matrix regarding the projects carried out in
the provinces. Confusion over boundaries and superposition of property titles are
The cadastral international and national context in which cadastre is widespread problems in contemporary Brazil, and they are as old as the
developed at present. country’s own history. Even though dating from Brazil’s imperial period,
Certain advanced achieved are later described and related to the three territorial legislation has contemplated the demarcation and registry of
stages above mentioned. both public and private parcels, there are still considerable differences
The chapter concluded with some remarks regarding the future between the de facto possession and the property rights expressed in the
cadastral development. title. The recent implementation of the National Rural Cadastre, which
demands the georeferencing of parcels, renews the expectation of finding
a gradual solution to the chronic problems. In urban areas, the authority
CCCCChhhhhaaaaapppppttttteeeeerrrrr 44444 to self-manage territorial information, which the 1988 Federal
OOOOOvvvvveeeeerrrrrvvvvviiiiieeeeewwwww ooooofffff ttttthhhhheeeee rrrrreeeeeaaaaalllll rrrrriiiiiggggghhhhhtttttsssss aaaaannnnnddddd cccccaaaaadddddaaaaassssstttttrrrrraaaaalllll pppppuuuuubbbbbllllliiiiiccccciiiiitttttyyyyy Constitution assigns to the municipalities, led to the coexistence of
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practically nonexistent. In order to have a more efficient territorial
The chapter deals with a brief study of general concepts and Argentine publicity system, Brazil needs to redefine professional functions; to meet
legislation regarding immovable publicity, under a wider concept of real the expectations raised by the new rural cadastre law; and to support the
rights and cadastral publicity. These two subjects have been studied promulgation of a framework law at the federal level that orients the
separately, but highlighting the necessary interrelation between them. structuring of the urban cadastres and to disseminate geotechnologies
Each one of these refers to the two great concepts, which are part of the through financing programs accessible.
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The Argentine Cadastre over the last fifty years and an overview of the Cadastre in Brazil Abstracts
AAAAAUUUUUTTTTTHHHHHOOOOORRRRRSSSSS CCCCChhhhhaaaaapppppttttteeeeerrrrr 11111
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CCCCChhhhhaaaaapppppttttteeeeerrrrr 11111 - Graduated as Land Surveyor at the Rosario National University
JJJJJooooosssssééééé DDDDDaaaaavvvvviiiiiddddd BBBBBeeeeelllllaaaaagggggaaaaa (UNR) in 1984-
- Professor since 1983 in Valuations and Land planning at the Land
- Graduated as Land Surveyor at the Rosario National University Survey School of Exact Sciences, Engineering and Land Surveying Fac-
(UNR) in 1983 Professor since 1983 in Legal Land Surveying and Ca- ulty (FCEIA, UNR).
dastre at the Land Survey School of Exact Sciences, Engineering and - Director at the Land Survey School (FCEIA, UNR) 1990-1994 and
Land Surveying Faculty (FCEIA, UNR). Director at the Department of 2003-2007
Land Planning FCEIA - UNR, 1994-1998 and 2003-2007 - MSc Student of Management and Land planning at the UNR since
- FIG delegate of FIG Commission 7 on behalf of the Argentine Fed- 2002.
eration of Land Surveyors (FADA). - Private Land Surveyor since 1984 carrying out several tasks in vari-
- National Grant of Land Surveying “Teodoro Schuster” year 2002 ous Provinces of Argentina.
in the Academic-Scientific area. e-mail: gggggeeeeeoooooiiiiinnnnnfffffcccccooooonnnnnsssss@@@@@iiiiinnnnnfffffooooovvvvviiiiiaaaaa.....cccccooooommmmm.....aaaaarrrrr
- MSc Student of Management and Land Planning at the UNR since
2002. CCCCChhhhhaaaaapppppttttteeeeerrrrr 22222
- Private Land Surveyor since 1983 carrying out several tasks in vari- VVVVVíííííccccctttttooooorrrrr HHHHHaaaaannnnnsssssjjjjjüüüüürrrrrgggggeeeeennnnn HHHHHaaaaaaaaaarrrrr
ous Provinces of Argentina.
- Consultant in numerous governmental organisations and profes- - Graduated as Land Surveyor and Geographer Engineer.
sional institutions from different Argentine Provinces and abroad in sub- - Emeritus Professor of the National University of Córdoba and mem-
ject related to cadastral legislation and surveying. ber of the Commission of the PhD Program in Surveying at the Catamarca
e-mail: jjjjjooooossssseeeeebbbbbeeeeelllllaaaaagggggaaaaa@@@@@hhhhhoooootttttmmmmmaaaaaiiiiilllll.....cccccooooommmmm National University.
- Consultant in Cadastre, Geodesy ad related subjects.
- Author of several publications and presenter in many cadastral and
related events.
eeeee-----mmmmmaaaaaiiiiilllll::::: hhhhhaaaaaaaaaarrrrrvvvvvhhhhh@@@@@aaaaarrrrrnnnnneeeeettttt.....cccccooooommmmm.....aaaaarrrrr
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The Argentine Cadastre over the last fifty years and an overview of the Cadastre in Brazil Abstracts
CCCCChhhhhaaaaapppppttttteeeeerrrrr 33333 - Professor of Legal Land Surveying II and participating in Parcel
MMMMMaaaaabbbbbeeeeelllll AAAAAlllllvvvvvaaaaarrrrreeeeezzzzz dddddeeeee LLLLLóóóóópppppeeeeezzzzz Surveying acts at the San Juan National University, Engineering Pro-
gram.
- Graduated as a Land Surveyor and bachellor in Mathematics and - Professor of Real Rights (Civil IV) in Social Sciences Faculty, UNSJ
Physics. Posgraduate in Land Information Systems. - Director of Research Projects in Legal Land Surveying, Cadastre,
- Director of the Directorate for Cadastre and Territorial Information Land Planning and Environmental Rights.
of the Province of Chubut, Argentina. - Member of the evaluation team of the Ministry of Education and
- Professor in Land Information Systems and researcher at the San Culture of Argentine, categorised as level II in the research National
Juan Bosco National University of Patagonia. Program.
- Responsible for inter-institutional and interdisciplinary geo infor- e-mail: jjjjjmmmmmaaaaattttttttttaaaaarrrrr@@@@@uuuuunnnnnsssssjjjjj.....eeeeeddddduuuuu.....aaaaarrrrr
mation projects based on Cadastre.
- Secretary General of the Federal Council of Cadastre.
- Taking part in national and international initiatives related to Ca- CCCCChhhhhaaaaapppppttttteeeeerrrrr 55555
dastre, Spatial Data Infrastructure and geo-information. DDDDDiiiiieeeeegggggooooo AAAAAlllllfffffooooonnnnnsssssooooo EEEEErrrrrbbbbbaaaaa
- She has participated in congresses, courses and other events related
to Cadastre, in Argentina and other countries. - Graduated as Land Surveyor at the Rosario National University
- Author of several publications related to cadastre and related sub- (UNR) in 1988.
jects. - PhD in Land Surveying at the Catamarca National University.
e-mail: mmmmmaaaaabbbbbllllloooooppppp@@@@@sssssaaaaatttttllllliiiiinnnnnkkkkk.....cccccooooommmmm - Professor of technical Cadastre at the Santa María Federal Univer-
sity (UNISINOS, Brazil)
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- Author of several publications regarding Brazilian Cadastre and
JJJJJuuuuullllliiiiiooooo MMMMMaaaaattttttttttaaaaarrrrr NNNNNooooovvvvveeeeelllllllllliiiii
Territorial legislation.
- Taking part in Symposiums, Congresses, courses and related events
- Graduated as a Lawyer at the Cordoba National University. in Brazil and other countries of America and Europe.
- Researcher of the Photogrametry, Cartography and Cadastre Cen- e-mail: dddddeeeeerrrrrbbbbbaaaaa@@@@@llllliiiiinnnnncccccooooolllllnnnnniiiiinnnnnsssssttttt.....eeeeeddddduuuuu
tre of The Engineering Faculty of The San Juan National University.
Chief of the aforementioned Institute.
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