Lymphoproliferative Diseases PDF
Preview Lymphoproliferative Diseases
Lymphoproliferative Diseases IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICINE SERIES Immunology of Endocrine Diseases Editor: A. M. McGregor Clinical Transplantation: Current Practice and Future Prospects Editor: G. R. D. Catto Complement in Health and Disease Editor: K. Whaley Immunological Aspects of Oral Diseases Editor: L. Ivanyi Immunoglobulins in Health and Disease Editor: M. A. H. French Immunology of Malignant Diseases Editors: V. S. Byers and R. W. Baldwin Lymphoproliferative Diseases Editors: D. B. Jones and D. H. Wright Phagocytes and Disease Editors: M. S. Klempner, B. Styrt and J. Ho HLA and Disease Authors: B. Bradley, P. T. Klouda, J. Bidwell and G. Laundy Immunology of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Editor: D. J. M. Wright Lymphocytes in Health and Disease Editors: G. Janossy and P. L. Amiot Mast Cells, Mediators and Disease Editor: S. T. Holgate Immunodeficiency and Disease Editor: A. D. B. Webster Immunology of Pregnancy and its Disorders Editor: C. M. M. Stern Immunotherapy of Disease Editor: T. J. Hamblin Immunology of Prophylactic Immunization Editor: A. J. Zuckerman Immunology of Eye Diseases Editor: S. Lightman Immunology of Renal Diseases Editor: C. D. Pusey Biochemistry of Inflammation Editors: J. T. Whicher and S. W. Evans Immunology of ENT Disorders Editor: G. Scadding Immunology of Infection Editors: J. G. P. Sissons, J. Cohen and L. K. Borysiewicz __I MMUNOLOGY_ _ SERIES· SERIES· SERIES· SERIES AND SERIES . SERIES· SERIES· SERIES MEDICINE Volume 15 Lymphoproliferative Diseases Edited by D. B. Jones and D. H. Wright University Department of Pathology Southampton General Hospital Series Editor: K. Whaley KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT/BOSTON/LONDON Distributors for the United States and Canada: Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 358, Accord Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358, USA for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Distribution Center, PO Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Lymphoproliferative diseases. 1. Man. Reticuloendothelial system. Malignant tumours. Immunological aspects I. Jones, D. B. II. Wright, Dennis H. (Dennis Howard), 1931- III. Series 616.99'442079 ISBN-13:978-94-010-6817-8 e-ISBN -13:978-94-009-0739-3 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-0739-3 © 1990 by Kluwer Academic Publishers Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission from the publishers, Kluwer Academic Publishers BV, PO Box 17,3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Published in the United Kingdom by Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 55, Lancaster, UK. Kluwer Academic Publishers BV incorporates the publishing programmes of D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press. Typeset by Witwell Ltd, Southport. iv Contents Series Editor's Note vii List of Contributors ix Introduction D. B. Jones and D. H. Wright 2 Diagnosis of leukaemia 5 1. M. Davies and J. C. Cawley 3 The diagnosis and classification of malignant lymphomas 15 D. H. Wright 4 Analysis of immunoglobulin changes in lymphoproliferative diseases 31 J. L. Smith and F. K. Stevenson 5 Immunoenzymatic analysis of haematological and cytological preparation 53 A. K. Ghosh and W. N. Erber 6 Cell-mediated immunity in lymphomas 73 P. L. AmIot 7 The origin of the Reed-Sternberg cell 91 D. B. Jones 8 Chronic-type B-lymphocytic leukaemias lO7 P. Richardson and J. Gordon 9 Malignant lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue 123 P. G. Isaacson and J. Spencer lO T-cell neoplasia 145 A. D. Ramsay and W. J. Smith v LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES 11 Tumours of the macrophage series 165 Su-Ming Hsu 12 Immunostaining methods for frozen and paraffin sections 187 B. L. Mepham and K. J. M. Britten Index 213 vi Series Editor's Note The interface between Clinical Immunology and other branches of medical practice is frequently blurred and the general physician is frequently faced with clinical problems with an immunological basis and is often expected to diagnose and manage such patients. The rapid expansion of basic and clinical immunology over the past two decades has resulted in the appearance of increasing numbers of immunology journals and it is impossible for a non specialist to keep apace with this information overload. The Immunology and Medicine series is designed to present individual topics of immunology in a condensed package of information which can be readily assimilated by the busy clinician or pathologist. K Whaley, Glasgow March,1990 vii List of Contributors P.LAMLOT A. K. GHOSH Department of Immunology Immunology Department Royal Free Hospital, School of Medicine Paterson Institute for Cancer Research Pond Street Christie Hospital and Holt Radium Institute London NW32QG Wilmslow Road UK Manchester M20 9BX UK K. J. M. BRITTEN University Department of Pathology J.GORDON Level E, S Block Department of Immunology Southampton General Hospital University of Birmingham Medical School Tremona Road Vincents Drive Southampton Birmingham B15 2TJ Hants S09 4XY UK UK J.C.CAWLEY SU-MING'HSU University Department of Haematology Department of Pathology Duncan Building P.O. Box 20708 Royal Liverpool Hospital University of Texas Prescot Street Houston P.O. Box 147 Texasn225 Liverpool L69 3BX USA UK P. G. ISAACSON J.M.DAVIES Department of Histopathology University Department of Haematology University College and Middlesex School Duncan Building of Medicine Royal Liverpool Hospital University Street Prescot Street London WC1 E 6JJ P.O. Box 147 UK Liverpool L69 3BX UK D.B.JONES W.N.ERBER University Pathology Haematology Department Level E, South Block Royal North Shore Hospital Southampton General Hospital St Leonards Tremona Road Sydney Southampton New South Wales 2065 HantS094XY Australia UK ix LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES B. L. MEPHAN W. J. SMITH University Pathology Department of Histopathology Level E, South Block University College and Middlesex School Southampton General Hospital of Medicine Tremona Road University Street Southampton London WC1 E 6JJ Hants S09 4XY UK UK J.SPENCER A.D. RAMSAY Department of Histopathology Department of Histopathology University College and Middlesex School Southampton General Hospital of Medicine Tremona Road University Street Southampton London WC1 E 6JJ Hants S09 4XY UK UK P. RICHARDSON F. K. STEVENSON Department of Immunology Regional Immllnology Service University of Birmingham Medical School Tenovus Research Laboratory Vincents Drive Southampton General Hospital Edgbaston Tremona Road Birmingham B15 2T J Southampton UK HantS094XY UK J. L.SMITH Regional Immunology Service D.H. WRIGHT Tenovus Research Laboratory University Department of Pathology Southampton General Hospital Southampton General Hospital Tremona Road Tremona Road Southampton Southampton Hants S09 4XY Hants S09 4XY UK UK x 1 Introduction Recent developments in the field of cellular pathology and molecular biology have had a major impact on our ability to diagnose lymphoreticular disease and on our understanding of many of the disease processes which contribute to lymphoreticular pathology. Twenty years ago, the immunological analysis of lymphoid proliferations was in its infancy. The techniques available, such as sheep red blood cell rosetting and immune adherence to frozen sections, now appear unbelievably crude when compared with our ability to accurately phenotype lymphocytes in suspension, in frozen section and, more recently, in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue biopsies. Four international work shops have also standardized the nomenclature for the wide range of lineage restricted and lineage-related monoclonal antibodies available, and have provided a basis for the sophisticated phenotypic analysis of lymphoid neoplasms in even the smallest routine laboratories. Our concepts relating to the pathogenesis of a number of human lymphomas have also changed substantially, and this has been aided by the development of systems for the classification of human lymphoma which are firmly based in our knowledge of the differentiation and biological behaviour of normal lymphoreticular cells. In this monograph, we present contributions from many authors examining both leukaemia and lymphoma from an immunological perspec tive. It is our hope that some of these contributions will be of practical value in the laboratory investigation and diagnosis of lymphoreticular disease. Other contributions record our conceptual understanding of the histogenesis and pathogenesis of human lymphoma. The categorization of B-cell neoplasia can be related, to some extent, to the differentiation stages of normal B-Iymphocytes using synthesis of immuno globulin as a marker. Even here, however, our understanding is not yet complete. Currently published studies of the molecules which regulate lymphocyte traffic and residence in different sites through the body show that there is a rational basis for the recognition of sub-groups of B-celllymphoma (e.g. lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) on the basis oftheir anatomical distribution, rather than on their morphology or phenotype alone. Our understanding of the normal maturation pathway of human T cells has lagged behind that of the B-cell popUlation. Presumably, this is due 1
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