Lung Cancer: Advances in Basic and Clinical Research

409 Pages·1995·7.743 MB·English

by  Dietrich Hoffmann, Mrs. Ilse Hoffmann (auth.), Heine H. Hansen (eds.)

Lung Cancer
Cancer Treatment and Research
WILLIAM L. MCGUIRE, series editor
Osborne, e.K, (ed): Endocrine Therapies in Breast and Prostate Cancer. 1988. ISBN 0-89838-365-X
Lippman, M.E., Dickson, R. (eds): Breast Cancer: Cellular and Molecular Biology. 1988.
ISBN 0-89838-368-4
Kamps, W.A., Humphrey, G.B., Poppema S. (eds): Hodgkin's Disease in Children: Controversies and
Current Practice. 1988. ISBN 0-89838-372-2
Muggia, F.M. (ed): Cancer Chemotherapy: Concepts, Clinical Investigations and Therapeutic Advances.
1988. ISBN 0-89838-381-1
Nathanson, L. (ed): Malignant Melanoma: Biology, Diagnosis, and Therapy. 1988. ISBN 0-89838-384-6
Pinedo, H.M., Verweij J. (eds): Treatment of Soft Tissue Sarcomas. 1989. ISBN 0-89838-391-9
Hansen, H.H. (ed): Basic and Clinical Concepts of Lung Cancer. 1989. ISBN 0-7923-0153-6
Lepor, H .. Ratliff, T.L. (eds): Urologic Oncology. 1989. ISBN 0-7923-0161-7
Benz, e., Liu, E. (eds): Oncogenes. 1989. ISBN 0-7923-0237-0
Ozols, R.F. (ed): Drug Resistance in Cancer Therapy. 1989. ISBN 0-7923-0244-3
Surwit, E.A., Alberts, D.S. (eds): Endometrial Cancer. 1989. ISBN 0-7923-0286-9
Champlin, R. (ed): Bone Marrow Transplantation. 1990. ISBN 0-7923-0612-0
Goldenberg, D. (ed): Cancer Imaging with Radiolabeled Antibodies. 1990. ISBN 0-7923-0631-7
Jacobs, e. (ed): Carcinomas of the Head and Neck. 1990. ISBN 0-7923-0668-6
Lippman, M.E., Dickson, R. (eds): Regulatory Mechanisms in Breast Cancer: Advances in Cellular and
Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer. 1990. ISBN 0-7923-0868-9
Nathanson, L. (ed): Malignant Melanoma: Genetics, Growth Factors, Metastases, and Antigens. 1991.
ISBN 0-7923-0895-6
Sugarbaker, P.H. (ed): Management of Gastric Cancer. 1991. ISBN 0-7923-1102-7
Pinedo, H.M., Verweij, J., Suit, H.D., (eds): Soft Tissue Sarcomas: New Developments in the
Multidisciplinary Approach to Treatment. 1991. ISBN 0-7923-1139-6
Ozols, R.F. (ed): Mokcular and Clinical Advances in Anticancer Drug Resistance. 1991.
ISBN 0-7923-1212-0
Muggia, F.M. (ed): New Drugs, Concepts and Results in Cancer Chemotherapy. 1991. ISBN 0-7923-1253-8
Dickson, R.B., Lippman, M.E. (eds): Genes, Oncogenes and Hormones: Advances in Cellular and
Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer. 1992. ISBN 0-7923-1748-3
Humphrey, G., Bennett, Schraffordt Koops, H., Molenaar, W.M., Postma, A. (eds): Osteosarcoma in
Adolescents and Young Adults: New Developments and Controversies. 1993. ISBN 0-7923-1905-2
Benz, e.e., Liu, E.T. (eds): Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes in Human Malignancies. 1993.
ISBN 0-7923-1960-5
Freireich, E.J., Kantarjian, H. (eds): Leukemia: Advances in Research and Treatment. 1993. ISBN 0-7923-
1967-2
Dana, B.W. (ed): Malignant Lymphomas, Including Hodgkin's Disease: Diagnosis, Management, and
Special Problems. 1993. ISBN 0-7923-2171-5
Nathanson, L. (ed): Current Research and Clinical Management of Melanoma. 1993. ISBN 0-7923-2152-9
Verweij, J., Pinedo, H.M., Suit, H.D. (eds): Multidisciplinary Treatment of Soft Tissue Sarcomas. 1993.
ISBN 0-7923-2183-9
Rosen, S.T., Kuzel, T.M. (eds): Immunoconjugate Therapy of Hematologic Malignancies. 1993.
ISBN 0-7923-2270-3
Sugarbaker, P.H. (ed): Hepatobiliary Cancer. 1994. ISBN 0-7923-2501-X
Rothenberg, M.L. (ed): Gynecologic Oncology: Controversies and New Developments. 1994.
ISBN 0-7923-2634-2
Dickson, R.B., Lippman, M.E. (eds): Mammary Tumorigenesis and Malignant Progression. 1994.
ISBN 0-7923-2647-4
Lung Cancer
Advances in Basic and Clinical Research
Edited
Ьу
Heine Hansen
Н.
Department 01 Oncology 5074
Rigshospitalet
9 Вlegdamsvej
DK-2100 Copenhagen
Denmark
~.
"
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Library of Congress Саtalоgiпg-iп-PubIiсаtiоп Data
Lung cancer: advances in basic and clinical researchledited Ьу Heine Н.
Hansen.
р. ст. - (Cancer treatment and research; v. 72)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4613-6128-2 ISBN 978-1-4615-2630-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-2630-8
1. Lungs - Cancer. 1. Hansen, Heine Hoi. П. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Lung Neoplasms. Wl СА693 v. 72 1994/WF 658
L96076 1994]
RC280.L8L7673 1994
616.99'424 - dc20
DNLMIDLC
for Library of Congress
94-10350
CIP
Copyright
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published Ьу Кluwer Academic Publishers in 1995
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1995
АН rights reserved. No part of this publication тау Ье reproduced, stored in
а retrieval system or transmitted in апу form or Ьу апу means, mechanical,
photo-copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission
of the publisher, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Printed оп acid-free paper.
Contents
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VB
List of Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX
1. Tobacco consumption and lung cancer ....................... 1
DIETRICH HOFFMANN and ILSE HOFFMAN
2. Lung cancer chemoprevention 43
UGO PASTORINO
3. Smoking cessation programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
PHILIP T0NNESEN
4. Genetics of lung cancer: implications for early detection and
prevention ............................................... 91
SUDHIR SRIVASTAVA and BARNETT S. KRAMER
5. Growth factors and lung cancer .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
TARIQ SETHI and PENELLA J. WOLL
6. The development and progression of adenocarcinoma of
the lung. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
MASAYUKI NOGUCHI and YUKIO SHIMOSATO
7. Neuroendocrine characteristics in malignant lung tumors:
implications for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. . . . . . . . . . . . 143
THOMAS SENDEROVITZ, BIRGIT G. SKOV, and FRED R. HIRSCH
8. In vivo models for testing of cytostatic agents in non-small cell
lung cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
HENK B. KAL
v
9. In vitro models for testing of cytostatic agents in small cell
lung cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
PETER BUHL JENSEN and MAXWELL SEHESTED
10. Multidrug resistance in lung cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
HENK J. BROXTERMAN, CAROLIEN H.M. VERSANTVOORT,
and SABINE C. LINN
11. New techniques in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. . . . . . 223
DAVID KAPLAN and PETER GOLDSTRAW
12. The role of chest irradiation in small cell lung cancer. . . . . . . . . . . 255
RODRIGO ARRIAGADA, JEAN-PIERRE PIGNON, and
THIERRY LE CHEVALIER
13. The role of hematopoietic growth factors in small cell lung
cancer: a review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
VERONIQUE N. TRILLET-LENOIR
14. Interferon and lung cancer ................................. 293
KARIN V. MATTSON, ANNE M. HAND, and PAULA K. MAASILTA
15. New antineoplastic agents in lung cancer 1988-1993 323
STEFAN C. GRANT and MARK G. KRIS
16. Pulmonary blastomas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
MICHAEL N. KOSS
17. Psychosocial issues in lung cancer patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
JURG BERNHARD and PATRICIA A. GANZ
VI
Preface
Primary lung tumors are now a global health problem. Their incidence has
risen dramatically during the last 5 to 6 decades, reflecting the popularity of
cigarette smoking.
In this fifth volume dealing with lung cancer in the series on Cancer
Treatment and Research, the main reason for this rising incidence is given in
the first chapter by Hoffman and Hoffman (from the American Health
Organization). Promising statistical evidence is presented, showing that in
several developed countries, the consumption of cigarettes by adults has
decreased markedly. However, worldwide cigarette consumption has not
decreased but is on the rise, emphasizing that this public health problem
deserves the greatest attention of the medical and scientific community.
Pastorino (Milan, Italy) presents experimental data showing that a number
of substances, such as synthetic retinoids, antioxidants, etc., may function as
modulators for cell growth by having anticarcinogenic abilities. Single trials
on lung cancer chemoprevention in high-risk individuals are ongoing in both
Europe and North America, including investigations in non-small cell lung
cancer patients who have undergone complete resection.
The physiological and pharmacological elements of smoking habits are
described by Tonnesen (Copenhagen, Denmark), who also presents data on
the effect of nicotine substitutes on smoking cessation.
Recent developments on the biology of lung cancer are the focus of the
next chapters. Srivastava and Kramer (Bethesda, MD, U.S.A.) shed light
on the complex series of molecular, genetic, and histopathologic events
leading to transformation of normal cells into malignant cells in lung cancer.
The impact of the many extracellular factors and intracellular molecular
events that are responsible for sustaining the growth of malignant lung
tumors is also discussed by Sethi and W 011 (Manchester, U. K. ).
Among the major histologic types of lung cancer, adenocarcinoma has
been rising significantly. The development of this type is the subject of
a review by Noguchi and Shimosato (Tokyo, Japan). Senderovitz et al.
(Copenhagen, Denmark) describe the special neuroendocrine characteristics
of lung tumors and cover a series of neuroendocrine markers, such as NSE,
vii
chromogranin, synaptofysin, NCAM, etc., from both a histopathological
and a clinical viewpoint.
With respect to management of lung cancer patients, there is a great need
for better systemic therapy, including the development of in vivo and in
vitro models for testing of antineoplastic agents. This topic is discussed by
Kal (Rijswijk, The Netherlands) and Jensen and Sehested (Copenhagen,
Denmark) who focus on non-small cell lung and small cell lung cancer,
respectively. It is to be hoped that some of these model systems will facilitate
a more rapid introduction of new cytostatic agents into the clinic.
One of the major obstacles in cytostatic treatment, responsible for the
relatively dismal results obtained today, is multidrug resistance, as described
by Broxterman and colleagues (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). The topic
is intensively studied in the laboratory, but still with very few clinically
relevant data.
With regard to diagnosis and staging of lung cancer, a number of new
techniques have been developed, such as digital radiography, magnetic
resonance imaging, and transesophageal ultrasonography applied in the
diagnosis and staging of lung cancer (Kaplan and Goldstraw, London, U.K.).
Among the different therapeutic modalities, chest irradiation in small cell
lung cancer is reviewed by Arriagada and colleagues (Paris, France), based
on data from the authors' original studies and from a recent meta-analysis of
literature data.
Another French colleague, Trillet-Lenoir (Lyon, France), brings us up to
date on newer, large randomized trials using hematopoietic growth factors
in small cell lung cancer, demonstrating a significant decrease in the mor
bidity of cytostatic treatment when concomittant hematopoietic growth
factors are applied.
The effect on treatment results by one of the other recently developed
biologic modifiers, interferon, is subjected to analysis by Mattson et al.
(Helsinki, Finland), while Grant and Kris (New York, NY, U.S.A.) deal
with the recent development of the new antineoplastic agents applied in lung
cancer.
A rather rare type of lung cancer is the pulmonary blastoma, and Koss
(Washington, DC, U.S.A.) gives us the latest information on this disease
entity, including new insight into the histogenesis of the tumor.
Finally, Bernhard and Ganz (Bern, Switzerland/Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A.)
describe the very many psychosocial issues faced by lung cancer patients at
diagnosis and during treatment.
Altogether, these 17 chapters from 12 countries highlight some of the
rapid developments taking place in basic and clinical research on lung
cancer. Hopefully, these chapters not only give up-to-date information but
also will stimulate further research into this manmade disease, which was
almost unheard of a century ago.
Heine H. Hansen
viii
List of Contributors
Rodrigo Arriagada, M.D., Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut
Gustave-Roussy, Rue Camille Desmoulins, F-94805 Villejuif, France
Jiirg Bernhard, Ph.D., Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK),
Konsumstrasse 13, CH-3007 Bern, Switzerland
Henk J. Broxterman, Ph.D., Department of Medical Oncology, Free
University Hospital, De Boelelaan 1117, NL-I081 HV Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
Patricia A. Ganz, M.D., UCLA Schools of Medicine and Public Health,
Division of Cancer Control, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1100
Glendon Avenue, Suite 711, Los Angeles, CA 0024-3511, U.S.A.
Peter Goldstraw, F.R.C.S., Department of Thoracic Surgery, Royal
Brompton National Heart & Lung Hospital, National Heart & Lung
Institute, Sydney Street, London SW3 6HP, U.K.
Stefan C. Grant, M.B., B.Ch., Thoracic Oncology Service, Department of
Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue,
New York, NY 10021, U.S.A.
Anne M. Hand, M.D., Ashfield, 47 Balcombe Road, Haywards Heath, West
Sussex, RH 16 IPA, U.K.
Fred R. Hirsch, M.D., Medical Department P, Bispebjerg Hospital, DK-
2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
Dietrich Hoffmann, Ph.D., Associate Director, American Health Founda
tion, 1 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, U.S.A.
Mrs. lise Hoffmann, American Health Foundation, 1 Dana Road, Valhalla,
NY 10595, U.S.A.
Peter Buhl Jensen, M.D., Department of Oncology, The Finsen Institute/
Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Henk B. Kal, M.D., TNO Radiological Service, Centre for Radiological
Protection and Dosimetry, P.O. Box 5815, NL-2280 HV Rijswijk, The
Netherlands
David Kaplan, F.R.C.S., C.T.H., Department of Thoracic Surgery, Royal
Brompton National Heart & Lung Hospital, National Heart & Lung
Institute, Sydney Street, London SW3 6HP, U.K.
Michael N. Koss, M.D., Department of Pulmonary and Mediastinal
IX
Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306-
6000, U.S.A.
Barnett S. Kramer, M.D., Executive Plaza North, Room 305, National
Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20892,
U.S.A.
Mark G. Kris, M.D., Thoracic Oncology Service, Department of Medicine,
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York,
NY 10021, U.S.A.
Thierry Le Chevalier, M.D., Department of Medical Oncology, Institut
Gustave-Roussy, Rue Camille Desmoulins, F-94805 Villejuif, France
Sabine C. Linn, M.D., Department of Medical Oncology, Free Uni
versity Hospital, De Boelelaan 1117, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
Paula K. Maasiita, M.D., Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Helsinki
University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, SF-00290 Helsinki,
Finland
Karin V. Mattson, M.D., Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Helsinki
University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, SF-00290 Helsinki,
Finland
Masayuki Noguchi, M.D., 3rd Histopathology Section, Pathology Division,
National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji 5-Chome, Chuoku,
Tokyo, Japan
Ugo Pastorino, M.D., Department of Thoracic Surgery, Istituto Nazionale
Tumori, Via g. Venezian, 1,1-20133 Milan, Italy
Jean-Pierre Pignon, M.D., Department of Medical Statistics, Institut
Gustave-Roussy, Rue Camille Desmoulins, F-94805 Vil\ejuif, France
Maxwell Sehested, M.D., Department of Pathology, Sundby Hospital, DK-
2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
Thomas Senderovitz, M.D., Medical Department P, Bispebjerg Hospital,
DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
Tariq Sethi, M.D., Growth Regulation Laboratory, Imperial Cancer
Research Fund, POBox 123, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX,
U.K.
Yukio Shimosato, M.D., Clinical Laboratory Division, National Cancer
Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-Chome, Chuoku, Tokyo 104, Japan
Birgit G. Skov, M.D., Department of Pathology, Glostrup Hospital, DK-
2600 Copenhagen, Denmark
Sudhir Srivastava, M.D., Executive Plaza North, Room 305, National
Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892,
U.S.A.
Philip T0nnesen, M.D., Dr. Med. Sci., Department of Pulmonary Medicine
Y, Gentofte University County Hospital, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
Veronique N. Trillet-Lenoir, M.D., Service de Pneumologie, Hospital Louis
Predal, 28 Avenue Doyen Lepine, F-69394 Lyon Cedex 03, France
Carolien H.M. Versantvoort, M.D., Department of Medical Oncology, Free
x