Lumb and Jones' Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia PDF
Preview Lumb and Jones' Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia
Lumb & Jones' Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Fourth Edition Edited by William J. Tranquilli John C. Thurmon Kurt A. Grimm Blackwell Publishing © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Disclaimer All rights reserved The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are Blackwell Publishing Professional not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending 2121 State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014. USA or promoting a specific method, diagnosis, or treatment by practitioners for any particular patient. The publisher and the Orders: 1-800-862-6657 editor make no representations or warranties with respect to the Office: 1-515-292-0140 accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and Fax: 1-515-292-3348 specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation Web site: www.blackwellprofessional.com any implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. 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Neither Reporting Service is ISBN-13: 978-0-7817-5471-2. the publisher nor the editor shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom. First edition, © 1973 Lea & Febiger Second edition, © 1984 Lea & Febiger Third edition. © 1996 Williams & Wilkins Fourth Edition, © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lumb & Jones' veterinary anesthesia and analgesia. —4th ed. / edited by William J. Tranquilli, John C. Thurmon, and Kurt A. Grimm. p. ; cm. Rev. ed. of: Lumb and Jones' veterinary anesthesia / edited by John C. Thurmon, William J. Tranquilli, G. John Benson. • 3rd ed. 1996. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-7817-5471-2 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-7817-5471-2 (alk. paper) 1. Veterinary anesthesia. 2. Analgesia. I. Tranquilli, William J. II. Thurmon, John С. III. Grimm, Kurt A. IV. Veterinary anesthesia. V. Lumb and Jones' veterinary anesthesia. VI. Title: Lumb and Jones' veterinary anesthesia and analgesia. VII. Title: Veterinary anesthesia and analgesia. [DNLM: 1. Anesthesia—veterinary. 2. Analgesia—veterinary. SF914L9567 2007] SF914.L82 2007 636.089 '796—dc 22 2006025002 The last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 Dedication The fourth edition of this text is dedicated to the pioneering indi We dedicate our efforts in bringing this edition to publication viduals instrumental in developing the specialty of veterinary to our parents for imparting the values of hard work, loyalty, and anesthesiology and to the practitioners and scientists who con patience; to our teachers and colleagues for the belief that scien tinue to advance veterinary anesthesia and the evolving field of tific knowledge gives us the best chance to know what is real; to pain management. Every veterinarian, technician, and staff mem our wives for their undying devotion and support of family; and ber who daily champions the humaneness of patient care in the to our children and students for making everything joyful and academic, research, or clinical environment is to be appreciated. worthwhile. We owe much to members of the veterinary profession, as well as to those in allied medical fields, who have focused their life's William J. Tranquilli work on discovering better and safer methods of achieving anes John C. Thurmon thesia and pain alleviation in the animals that we are privileged Kurt A. Grimm to attend and heal. v Contents Dedication v 14. Local Anesthetics 395 Roman T. Skarda and William J. Tranquilli Contributors ix 15. Muscle Relaxants and Neuromuscular Blockade 419 Foreword xiii Elizabeth A. Martinez and Robert D. Keegan Preface xv 16. Drug Interactions 439 Mark G. Papich I. GENERAL TOPICS 1. History and Overview of Veterinary Anesthesia 3 IV. EQUIPMENT AND MONITORING John C. Thurmon and Charles E. Short 17. Anesthetic Machines and Breathing Systems 453 2. Considerations for General Anesthesia 7 Sandee M. Hansfield William W. Muir 18. Airway Management and Ventilation 495 3. Pain and Its Management 31 Sandee M. Hartsfield Peter W. Hellyer, Sheilah A. Robertson, 19. Monitoring Anesthetized Patients 533 and Anna D. Fails Steve C. Haskins II. PHYSIOLOGY V. SELECTED ANESTHETIC AND ANALGESIC 4. Cardiovascular System 61 TECHNIQUES William W. Muir 20. Local and Regional Anesthetic and Analgesic 5. Respiratory System 117 Techniques: Dogs 561 Wayne N. McDonell and Carolyn L. Kerr Roman T. Skarda and William J. Tranquilli 6. Nervous System 153 21. Local and Regional Anesthetic and Analgesic Kurt A. Grimm and Anne E. Wagner Techniques: Cats 595 Roman T. Skarda and William J. Tranquilli 7. Acid-Base Physiology 169 William W. Muir and Helio A. de Morais 22. Local and Regional Anesthetic and Analgesic Techniques: Horses 605 III. PHARMACOLOGY Roman T. Skarda and William J. Tranquilli 8. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Blood Component Therapy 183 23. Local and Regional Anesthetic and Analgesic David C. Seeler Techniques'. Ruminants and Swine 643 9. Anticholinergics and Sedatives 203 Roman T. Skarda and William J. Tranquilli Kip A. Lemke 24. Acupuncture 683 10. Opioids, Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatories, and Roman T. Skarda and Maria Glowaski Analgesic Adjuvants 241 25. Rehabilitation and Palliative Analgesia 697 Leigh A. Lamont and Karol A. Mathews Dianne Dunning and Duncan X. Lascelles 11. Injectable and Alternative Anesthetic Techniques 273 Keith R. Branson VI. ANESTHESIA, ANALGESIA, AND IMMOBILIZATION OF SELECTED SPECIES 12. Dissociative Anesthetics 301 AND CLASSES OF ANIMALS Hui-Chu Lin 26. Dogs and Cats 705 13. Inhalation Anesthetics 355 Richard M. Bednarski Eugene P. Steffey and Khursheed R. Mama vii viii • Contents 27. Horses 717 41. Gastrointestinal Disease 927 John A. E. Hubbell Stephen A. Greene and Steven L. Marks 28. Ruminants 731 42. Endocrine Disease 933 Thomas W. Riebold Ralph C. Harvey and Michael Schaer 29. Swine 747 43. Airway Disease 937 John C. Thunnon and Geoffrey W. Smith Stephen A. Greene and Ralph C. Harvey 30. Laboratory Animals 765 VIII. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA FOR SELECTED Paul A. Flecknell, Claire A. Richardson, PATIENTS AND PROCEDURES and Aleksandar Popovic 44. Ocular Patients 943 31. Exotic and Zoo Animal Species 785 Marjorie E. Gross and Elizabeth A. Giuliano Rachael E. Carpenter and David B. Brunson 45. Anesthetic Management of Cesarean Section Patients 955 32. Chemical Immobilization of Free-Ranging Marc R. Raffe and Rachael E. Carpenter Terrestrial Mammals 807 46. Trauma and Critical Patients 9(59 Nigel A. Caulkett and Jon M. Arnemo Gwendolyn L. Carroll and David D. Martin 33. Aquatic Mammals 833 41. Neonatal and Geriatric Patients 985 David B. Brunson Glenn R. Pettifer and Tamara L. Grubb 34. Birds 841 48. Dental Patients 993 John W. Ludders and Nora S. Matthews Rachael E. Carpenter and Sandra Manfra Marretta 35. Reptiles, Amphibians, and Fish 869 49. Cancer Patients 997 Darryl J. Heard and Mark D. Stetter Duncan X. Lascelles and James S. Gaynor VII. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA OF PATIENTS 50. Orthopedic Patients 1009 WITH SPECIFIC DISEASE Elizabeth M. Hardie and Victoria M. Lukasik 36. Cardiovascular Disease 891 51. Horses with Colic 1019 Ralph C. Harvey and Stephen J. Ettinger Cynthia M. Trim and James N. Moore 37. Pulmonary Disease 899 52. Selected Diagnostic Procedures 1027 Robert R. Paddleford and Stephen A. Greene Janyce L. Cornick-Seahorn, Jennifer Grimm, 38. Neurological Disease 903 and Steven L. Marks Ralph C. Harvey, Stephen A. Greene, and 53. Anesthetic Emergencies and Procedures 1033 William B. Thomas A. Thomas Evans and Deborah V. Wilson 39. Renal Disease 915 Appendix 1049 Stephen A. Greene and Gregory F. Grauer Index 1057 40. Hepatic Disease 921 Stephen A. Greene and Steven L. Marks Contributors Jon M. Arnemo, DVM, PhD Helio Autran de Morais, DVM, PhD, DACVIM Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology Department of Medical Sciences Section of Arctic Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian School of Veterinary Science University of Wisconsin NO-9292 Troms0, Norway Madison, WI 53706 Richard M. Bednarski, DVM, MS, DACVA Dianne Dunning, DVM, MS, DACVS Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Ohio State University Raleigh, NC 27606 Columbus, OH 43210 Stephen J. Ettinger, DVM, DACVIM Keith R. Branson, DVM, MS, DACVA California Animal Hospital Veterinary Specialty Group Department of Medicine and Surgery Drs. Ettinger, Lusk, Barrett, Norman, Charette, and Sammut, A College of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Corporation University of Missouri Los Angeles, CA 90025 Columbia, MO 65211 A. Thomas Evans, DVM, MS, DACVA David B. Brunson, DVM, MS, DACVA Veterinary Clinical Center Department of Surgical Sciences Michigan State University School of Veterinary Medicine East Lansing, MI 48824 University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53711 Anna D. Fails, DVM, PhD, DACVIM Department of Biomedical Sciences Rachael E. Carpenter, DVM College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine Fort Collins, CO 80523 University of Illinois Urbana, IL 61802 Paul A. Flecknell, VetMB, PhD, DECLAM, DECVA Comparative Biology Centre Gwendolyn Light Carroll, DVM, MS, DACVA Newcastle University Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences Newcastle upon Tyne, UK NE2 4HH College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University James S. Gaynor, DVM, MS, DACVA College Station, TX 77843-4474 Animal Anesthesia and Pain Management Center Colorado Springs, CO 80918 Nigel A. Caulkett, DVM, MVetSc, DACVA Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Elizabeth A. Giuliano, DVM, MS, DACVO University of Calgary Department of Medicine and Surgery Calgary, Canada T2N 4N1 College of Veterinary Medicine University of Missouri-Columbia Janyce L. Cornick-Seahorn, DVM, MS, DACVA, DACVIM Columbia, MO 65211 Equine Veterinary Specialists Georgetown, KY 40324 ix х • Contributors Maria Glowaski, DVM, DACVA Steve C. Haskins, DVM, MS, DACVA, DACVECC Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine Ohio State University University of California Columbus, OH 43210-1089 Davis, С A 95616 Gregory F. Grauer, DVM, MS, DACVIM Darryl J. Heard, BVMS, PhD, DACZM Department of Clinical Sciences Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Kansas State University University of Florida Manhattan, KS 66506 Gainesville, FL 32610-0126 Stephen A. Greene, DVM, MS, DACVA Peter W. Hellyer, DVM, MS, DACVA Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Colorado State University Washington State University Fort Collins, CO 80523 Pullman, WA 99164-6610 John A. E. Hubbell, DVM, MS, DACVA Jennifer B. Grimm, DVM, MS, DACVR Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Veterinary Specialist Services, PC College of Veterinary Medicine Conifer, CO 80433-0504 Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210 Kurt A. Grimm, DVM, PhD, DACVA, DACVP Veterinary Specialist Services, PC Robert D. Keegan, DVM, DACVA Conifer, CO 80433-0504 Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Marjorie E. Gross, DVM, MS, DACVA Washington State University Department of Clinical Medicine Pullman, WA 99164 College of Veterinary Medicine Oklahoma State University Carolyn L. Kerr, DVM, DVSc, PhD, DACVA Stillwater, OK 74078-2005 Department of Clinical Studies Ontario Veterinary College Tamara L. Grubb, DVM, MS, DACVA University of Guelph Pfizer Animal Health Guelph, Canada NIG 2W1 Uniontown, WA 99179 Leigh A. Lamont, DVM, MS, DACVA Elizabeth M. Hardie, DVM, PhD, DACVS Department of Companion Animals Department of Clinical Sciences Atlantic Veterinary College College of Veterinary Medicine University of Prince Edward Island North Carolina State University Charlottetown, Canada CI A 4P3 Raleigh, NC 27606 B. Duncan X. Lascelles, BVSc, PhD, DECVS, DACVS Sandee M. Hartsfield, DVM, MS, DACVA Department of Clinical Sciences Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences North Carolina State University Texas A&M University Raleigh, NC 27606 College Station, TX 77843-4474 Kip A. Lemke, DVM, MS, DACVA Ralph C. Harvey, DVM, MS, DACVA Department of Companion Animals Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences Atlantic Veterinary College College of Veterinary Medicine University of Prince Edward Island University of Tennessee Charlottetown, Canada CIA 4P3 C247 Veterinary Teaching Hospital Knoxville, TN 37996-4544 Contributors • xi Hui-Chu Lin, DVM, MS, DACVA Nora S. Matthews, DVM, DACVA Department of Clinical Sciences Department Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Auburn University Texas A&M University Auburn, AL 36849 College Station, TX 77843-4474 John W. Ludders, DVM, DACVA Wayne N. McDonell, DVM, PhD, DACVA Department of Clinical Sciences Department of Clinical Studies College of Veterinary Medicine Ontario Veterinary College Cornell University University of Guelph Ithaca, NY 14853 Guelph, Canada NIG 2W1 Victoria M. Lukasik, DVM, DACVA James N. Moore, DVM, PhD, DACVS Southwest Veterinary Anesthesiology Department of Large Animal Medicine Southern Arizona Veterinary Specialty Center College of Veterinary Medicine Tucson, AZ 85705 University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 Khursheed R. Mama, DVM, DACVA Department of Clinical Sciences William W. Muir, DVM, PhD, DACVA, DACVECC College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620 Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 43210 Sandra Manfra Marretta, DVM, DAVDC Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine Robert R. Paddleford, DVM, DACVA, DACVECC College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine Urbana, IL 61802 University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996-4544 Steven L. Marks, BVSc, MS, DACVIM and Department of Clinical Sciences Volunteer Veterinary Anesthesia Consulting Service College of Veterinary Medicine Rockford, TN 37853 North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27606 Mark G. Papich, DVM, MS, DACVCD Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences David D. Martin, DVM, DACVA College of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Operations North Carolina State University Companion Animal Division Raleigh, NC 27606 Pfizer Animal Health New York, NY Glenn R. Pettifer, DVM, DVSc, DACVA Veterinary Emergency Clinic and Referral Centre Elizabeth A. Martinez, DVM, DACVA Toronto, Canada M4W 3C7 Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Aleksandar Popovic, DVM, Cert LAS Texas A&M University Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research College Station, TX 77843-4474 Kirkland, Canada H9H 311 Karol A. Mathews, DVM, DVSc, DACVECC Marc R. Raffe, DVM, MS, DACVA, DACVECC Department of Clinical Studies Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine Ontario Veterinary College College of Veterinary Medicine University of Guelph University of Illinois Guelph, Canada NIG 2W1 Urbana, IL 61802 xii • Contributors Claire A. Richardson, BVM&S Eugene P. Steffey, VMD, PhD, DACVA, DECVA Comparative Biology Centre Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences Newcastle University Medical School School of Veterinary Medicine Newcastle upon Tyne, UK NE2 4HH University of California Davis, С A 95616 Thomas W. Riebold, DVM, DACVA Department of Clinical Sciences Mark D. Stetter, DVM, DACZM College of Veterinary Medicine Disney's Animal Programs Oregon State University Walt Disney World Corvallis, OR 97331 Lake Buena Vista, FL 32830 Sheilah A. Robertson, BVM&S, PhD, DACVA William B. Thomas, DVM, MS, DACVM Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee University of Florida C247 Veterinary Teaching Hospital Gainesville. FL 32610 Knoxville, TN 37996-4544 Michael Schaer, DVM, DACVIM, DACVECC John C. Thurmon, DVM, MS, DACVA Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida University of Illinois Gainesville, FL 32610 Urbana, IL 61802 David C. Seeler, DVM, MSc, DACVA William J. Tranquilli, DVM, MS, DACVA Department of Companion Animals Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine Atlantic Veterinary College College of Veterinary Medicine University of Prince Edward Island University of Illinois Charlottetown, Canada, CIA 4P3 Urbana, IL 61802 Charles E. Short, DVM, PhD, DACVA, DECVA Cynthia M. Trim, BVSc, DACVA, DECVA Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences Department of Large Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee University of Georgia Knoxville, TN 37996-4544 Athens, GA 30602 Roman T. Skarda, DMV, PhD (deceased), DACVA, DECVA Ann E. Wagner, DVM, MS, DACVP, DACVA Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Ohio State University Colorado State University Columbus, OH 43210-1089 Fort Collins, CO 80523 Geoffrey W. Smith, DVM, PhD, DACVIM Deborah V. Wilson, BVSc, MS, DACVA Department of Population Health and Pathobiology Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Michigan State University Raleigh, NC 27606 East Lansing, MI 48824
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