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PRAISFEO RT HE ANCIENCTH RISTICAONM MENTAROYN SCRIPTURE "Thceo nspeocftp uast riesxtpiocs itthiatothn i sse rioeffse rhsa sb eebna dlnye edfoerd sevecreanlt urainedts h,we h olCeh ristwioarnls dh ouulndi ttoet hantkh ose whoa ruen dertatkofii lntlgh gea pF.o rt hoen goiencgu menciocnavle rsaatnidto hne, accuraaptper ecioafet airoClnhy r isttihaonu gahntdt, h ceu rrehnetr m,eneutical debaatswe e ltlh,Ae n cieCnhtr istCioamnm entaornSy c riptwuirlpelr ove itsteolb fea r ealilnyd isapbelnrese source:' . J.I .P ACKER Boarodf G overnPorrosf esosfTo hre ology RegeCnotl lege "Itnh dee seorfbt i blsicchaoll artshhatitrp i teods e constorrgu ecbtte hind thtee xtthspe,a tricsotmimce ntalteottrh spe u rcel,e waart eorfCs h ristfaiiatflnho w fromi tssc riptsuoruarlPc ree.a chteerasc,ha enrdBs i bslteu deonfet vse sroy rwti lwla nt tod rindke epfrloym t hAen cieCnhtr istCioamnm entaornSy c ripture:' RICHARJDo HNN EUHAUS PresidReenlti,g ainodnP ublLiicf e Editor-in-FCihrisTethf, i ngs "Thfaet heorfst haen cicehnutr wcehr een ablbeydt ,hg er aocfeG odt,o i ntertphree t diviSncer iptiunar w easy t haitn tegrsaptiersi taunadle irtuyd itliiotnu,r gy andd ogmaa,n dg eneraallalls yp eocfto su rfa itwhh icehm bratchete o taolfio tuyrl iTfeo. allotwhfa et hetross peatko augsa iinno, u rc ontemposriatruya tinit ohnwe,a y thaytou h avper opoisney dou rp rojepcrto,v iadc eosr recttoti hvfreea gmentation oft hfaei twhh icrhe sufrlotmst hpea rticulaarnidoz vaetrisopne cialization thaetx isttosd aiynt hset udoyft hHeo lByi balned o fs acrtehde ology:' Fa.G EORGED aAGAS HolCyr osSse minary "Thinse wb uto lAdn cieCnhtr istCioamnm entaornSy c ripttuarkuees so uto ft hsem all, dosed-miwnodreliddn w hicmhu chm oderbni blsicchaoll arissdh oinipen taon earltiiemrme a rkebdya C hristsiearni ousbnyre osbsu,is ntq uiarnydb yb eliefaviitnhg. ThiCso mmentairsayfr esbhr eebzleo wiinnog u re mptpyo,s tmodweorrnl d:' DAVIDF .W ELLS AndreMwu tcDhi stinguPirsohfeeds osfHo irs toraincda l SystemaTthieco loGgyo,r don-ConTwheeloll ogSiecmailn ary "Composientd h set yolfte h ger eat mecdaiteevtnahalien s,e wa ntholoofpg ayt ristic commentoanrH yo lSyc riptcuornev,e niaernrtalnybg yec dh aptaenrdv erse, wilblea v aluarbelseo uforrcp er aysetru,da yn dp roclamaBtyci aolnl.i ng attenttoit ohnre i cChh risthiearni tpargeec edtihnsege paratbieotnwseE eans atn d Wesatn db etwePerno tesatnadCn att hotlhiicss,e riweislp le rforamm ajor servtioct ehc ea usoefe cumenism:' AVERYC ARDINALD ULLESS,. J. LaurencMec]G.i nlPeryo fesosfRo erl igainodnS ociety FordhaUmn iversity "Thien itciraoylf t hRee formatwiaosan df nots-ebactkot hseo urcTehseA! n cient ChristCioamnm entaornSy c riptiusarm ea rveltoouofoslr t hree covoefbr iyb lical wisdoimnt odacyh'usr cNho.tj usatn othsecrh olparroljyet chAteC, C Si sa majorre souforrct eh e renoefpw raela chtihnego,l aongdCy h ristdieavno tion:· TIMOTHYG EORGE DeanB,e esDoinv inSicthyo oSla,m foUrndi versity "Modecrhnu rmcehm berosft edno n orte altihzateth eayr pea rticiipnta hnveta ss t compaonfyt hceo mmunioofsn a intthsar te achfaerbs a cikn ttoh pea satn d thawti lclo ntiinnuteto h fuet uruen,t tihlke i ngdcoomm eTsh.i Cso mmentasrhyo uld heltph ebme gitnos eteh emsealsvp easr ticiipnta hnarttes d eemceodm munity:• ELIZABETAHc HTEMEIER UnioPnr ofesEsmoerr iotfaB iblaen dH omiletics UnioTnh eologSiecmailn airnVy i rginia "Contempopraasrtydo orn so stt anadl onWee. a rneo tth fier sgte neraotfpi roena chteor s wreswtilteth h ceh alleonfcg oemsm unicatthigeno gs pTehle.A ncieCnhtr istian CommentaornSy c riptpuurtuess i nc onverswaittiohou nrc olleafrgoumet sh pea stth,a t grecalto uodfw itneswsheops r eceudsei dnt hivso catTihoinCs.o mmentaernya bles ust or ecetihveedi ere spp iriitnusailg thhtesei,nr c ourageamnedgn uti dafonrc e presenti-ndtaeyr preatnadpt rieoanc hoiftn hgWe o rdW.h ata w onderful addittioao nny p astolri'bsr ary!" WILLIAMH .W ILLIMON Deano ft heC hapealn dP rofesosfCo hrr istMiianni stry DukeU niversity "Heriesa n onparseeirliw ehsi crhe clatihmBesi balset hbeo ookf t hceh urbcyhm aking accesstioeb alren reesatd oefrt sh tew enty-cfiernsttut rhyce l assroofoC mlse ment ofA lexanadnrdiD ai dymutsh Bel intdh,se t udayn dl ecthuarloelf O rigetnh,ce a thedorfa e ChrysosatnodAm u gusttihnseec ,r iptoorfJi eurmo imneh iBse thlemhoenma stery." GEORGEL AWLESS AugustiPniaatnr iIsntsitci atnudtG er egorUinainv ersity, Rome "Wea rpel easteowd i tnepsusb licaotfti hoen AncieCnhtr istCioamnm entaornSy c riptItu irsme o.s bte neficfoirua slt ol earn howt haen cieCnhtr isteisapnesc,i tahlsela yi notfts h ceh urch whop rovtehdr outghhe liirv tehse dierv ottiooG no da ndh iWso rdi,n terpreted ScriptLuerutes h. e etdh wei tneosfts h osweh oh avgeo nbee foruesi nt hfea ith:' METROPOLITATNH EODOSIUS PrimatOer,t hodCohxu rcihnA merica "AcroCshsr istentdhoemhr aese mergaew di desprienatde rest ine arClhyr istibaontiahttt y h,pe o pulaanrds chollaervl•ey.l. . Christoifaa lntlsr aditsitoanntsdob enefrfiotm t hipsr ojeecstp,e cicallelryg y andt hosweh os tudtyh Bei ble. Moirtwe iolavlle lrou,ws t os eheo wo utrr aditions are botrho otientd h sec riptiunrtaelr preotfat thiceoh nusr ch fathearts while thsea mtei msee eihnogww eh avdee velonpeewpd e rspectives:· ALBERTOF ERREIRO ProfesosfHo irs toSreya,t Ptalceif Uinci versity "TheA ncieCnhtr istCioamnm entaornSy c riptfiulrlales o nogv erdnueee fodr s cholaanrds studeonftt shc eh urfacthh e•r•.s•S ucihn formatwiiolbnle o fi mmeasurable wortthot hosoefu sw hoh avfee ilntu ndabtyec do ntemporary ianntdne orvpetrlhe etoerrise s oft hbei bltiecxaWtle. w elcosmoem e' neiwn's ifrgohmtt he ancieanutt hoirnts h eea rcleyn tuorfit ehse church:' H. WAYNE HousE ProfesosfTo hre oloagyn dL aw TriniUtnyi verSscihtoyoo fLl a w Chronolosgniocbable ry-atshseu mpttihoaontu ra ncestwoorrsk iwnigt hobuetn eofift computhearvsne o thitnotg e aucsh- iesx posaesnd o nsenbsyte h imsa gnificent news eriSeusr.fe itweidtk hn owlebdugtse t arovfew di sdomma,n yo fu sa re morteh arne adtyos iattt abwliet ohu ra ncestaonrdls i stteotn h ehiorl y conversaotnSi cornisp tIuk rneo.wIa m. EUGENEH . PETERSON ProfesEsmoerr itoufSs p iritTuhaelo logy RegeCnotl lege "Fepwu blisphrionjge hcatvesen couramgeae sdm ucha st he recaennntoluyn ced Ancient ChristCioamnm entaornSy c riptwuirtDehr T.h omaOsd ens ervaisn gg eneedria.tl.o .r. Howi si tt hastom anyo fu sw hoa rdee dicattose edr tvheLe o rrde ceisveemdi nary educatwihoincsoh m ittfaemdi liawriittshyu cihn credsitbuldeeo nftt hsSe c riptausr es StJ.o hCnh rysosSttoA.mt ,h anastihuGesr e aatn dS tJ.o honf D amascuIa sm?g reatly anticiptahtpeiu nbgl icaotfti hoiCnso mmentary." FR+P ETERE .G ILLQUIST DirectDoerp,a rtmoefnM ti ssioannsdE vangelism AntiochOiratnh odCohxr istAiracnh dioocfeN soer tAhm erica "ThSec ripthuarvebese erne awdi tlho vaen da ttenfotrin oena rtlwyot housayneda rs, andl istetnoti hnvego iocfeb eliefrvoemrp sr evicoeunst uorpieensus st o unexpecteda nidnd seiegphetnf eadiT thho.s weh os tudied Scirnti hpcete unrteu ries closteois ttws r ititnhgce,e ntudruireisan ngdfo llowipnegr secuatnido n martyrdsopme,aw ki tpha rticauultahro rTihteAy n.c ieCnhtr istian CommentaornSy c riptwuirlbelr itnogl itfeh ter utthha wte a rien vissiubrlryo unded bya 'grcelaotuo dfw itnesses."' FREDERICMAA THEWES-GREEN CommentaNtaotri,o nPaulb lRiacd io "Fotrh osweho t hintkh acth urhcihs tboergya anr oun19d4 w1h ent hepiars twoarsb orn, thiCso mmentawriylb lea g resautr prCihsrei.s ttiharnosu ghtohucete ntuhraivees reatdh bei bltiecxantlu, r stehde sipri rwiittsih ta ndt heanp pliitet dot heir livTehse.s ceo mmentarreifleetsch tat th wei tneosfts h Heo lSyp irwiatsp reseinnh ti s churtchhr oughtohucete nturAisae r se.s uwletc ,a np rofibtya llowtihneg ancieCnhtr isttiosa pnesa tkou st oday." HADDON ROBINSON HarolJdo hnO ckenDgias tinguPirsohfeeds osfPo rre aching Gordon-ConTwheeloll ogSiecmailn ary ''Alwlh oa rien tereisntt heiedn terpreotfta htBeii obnwl ielw le lcome thfoer thcommiunlgt ivosleurmiAeen sc ieCnhtr istCioamnm entaornSy c riptHuerree. thien sigohfst cso roefes a rclhyu rfacthh ewrislb lea ssembalnedmd a der eadily availfoarbs lieg nifipcaasnsta tgherso ughtohuBeti balnedt hAep ocrypIhtia sh. a rtdo thinokfa m orweo rtehcyu menpircoaljt eocb teu ndertabkyte hnpe u blisher:' BRUCEM . METZGER ProfesosfNo erw T estameEnmte,r itus PrinceTthoeno logSiecmailn ary ._ANCIENTC HRISTIAN COMMENTARY SCRIPTURE ON NEW TESTAMENT III LUKE EDITED BY ARTHURA .J usJT R. E GENERAL DITOR THOMAS cO.D EN lnterVarPsrietsys DownerGsr oveI,ll inois IntVear.sr itPyr ess P.OB.o x1 400D,o wneGrrso vIeL,6 0515-1426 WorlWdi dWee bw:w w.ivpress.com E·maielm:a [email protected] ©200b3y t hIen stiotfCu ltaes sCihcrails tSitaund( iIeCsC ST)h.o maCs.O dena ndA rthAu.rJ uJsrt. Alrli ghrtess erNvoep da.ro tft hibso omka yb er eprodiunac neydf orwmi thowurtit pteenr misfsriooImnn tVearr sPirteys s. IntVearr sPirteys isst· h beo ok·pubdliivsihsioinfIog nn tV earr sCihtryi stFiealnl owshipa/s UtSuAd•me,on vte meanctt iovnce a mpautsh undroefdu sn iversciotlileaesng,de s schooofnl usr siinnt gh Uen itSetda toefAs m eriacnad,a m embemro vemeonftt h Ien ternaFteilolnoawlos fEh viapn geSltiucdaelFn otirsn .f ormaatbioolunot c aanldr egional activwitriiPetuseb. l Riecl atDieopnts. ,V aIrnstCiehtrry i stian Fello6w4s0Sh0ci ph/rUoSeRAdd,e.P r,. OB.o x7 895M,a disoWnI,5 3707-7o8r9v 5i,st ihtIe V CFw ebsaitt e <www.intervarsity.org>. Selecetxecde rfprtoFsma theorfcs h eC hurcAh :N ewT ranslatcoipoynr,1i 9g4h7tu- s,e bdyp ermisosfTi hoenC athoUlniicv erosfAi mteyr iPcrae ss. Scripqtuuortea tuinolneosst,sh ernwoitseead r,fe r otmh Ree visSetda ndaVredr siooftn h eB iblceo,p yr1i9g4h61t,9 521,9 7b1y t hDei visoifo nC hriEsdtuicaanto ifo nt he NatioCnoauln coiftl h Ceh urcohfeC sh riisntt h e U.Sa.nAda. r,ue s ebdyp ermission. Coveprh otogrSacpahlA:ar /tR esouNrecweY ,o rVki.e owf t haep sSe.V. i taRlaev,e nIntaa,l y. Spinpeh otogrBaypzha:n tCionlel ecDtuimobna,r tOoank sW,a shingDt.oCPn.e ndacnrto( sgso alndd e nameClo)n.s tantilnaotspeil xcete,hn tury. ISBN9 78-0-8308-1488-6 Printientd h Uen itSetda toefAs m erica LibraorfyC ongreCsast aloging-in-PuDbaltiac ation Lukee/d itbeyAd r thJuurs t. p.c m.-(AncCihernits tcioamnm entoanSr cyr iptNuerwe . Testame3n)t ; Inclubdiebsl iogrraepfheirc(eapnl.c )ea sn di ndexes. ISBN0 -8308-1488-4 1.B iblNe.T.. L uke-CommentaIrJ.iu essAt.r, t hAu.r1, 9 53I-I. Ser.i es BS2595.532.0L0835 226.4'077'09-dc21 2002155337 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 ANCIENT CHRISTIAN COMMENTARY PROJECT RESEARCH TEAM GENERAL EDITOR ThomaCs. O den AssocIATE EDITOR ChristoAp.hH ealrl OPERATIONS MANAGER JoelE lowsky TRANSLATIONS PROJECTS DIRECTOR JoelS candrett RESEARCH AND ACQUISITIONS DIRECTOR MichaeGll erup EDITORIAL SERVICES DIRECTOR WarrenC alhouRno bertson ORIGINAL LANGUAGE VERSION DIRECTOR KonstantGianv rilkin GRADUATE RESEARCH ASSISTANTS ChrBirsa nstetter SergKeoyz in JeffrFeiyn ch Hsueh-MLiinago SteFvien lan MichNaaeuls ner AlexKbeaim ine RobePratuS le esengood VladimKbiarr lamov Baek-YoSnugn g SusKainp per EleVinsah nevskaya ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT JudCyo x CONTENTS GENERALI NTRODUCTIO• N• • • Xt• • A GUIDET O USINGT HISC OMMENTARY• • • • ••Xt tt ABBREVIATIO•N S• • • • • xv INTRODUCTITOON L UKE • • • • • X•V tt COMMENTAROYN LUKE • • • • • 1• APPENDIXE:A RLYC HRISTIAWNR ITERSA NDT HE DocuMENTSC ITED• • • • 3•9 5• BIOGRAPHICSAKLE TCHES• • • • • •40 0 TIMELINOEF W RITERS OFT HEP ATRISTIPCER IOD• • • • 4•1 0• BIBLIOGRAPOHFYW ORKSI N ORIGINALLA NGUAGES• • • • • •41 4 BIBLIOGRAPOHFYW oRKSI N ENGLISTHR ANSLATION• S• • • 4•2 1• AUTHOR/WRITINIGNSD EX• • • • 4•2 6• SUBJECITN DEX• • • • 4•2 7• SCRIPTURIEN DEX• • • • 4•3 7• ix GENERAL INTRODUCTION TheA ncieCnhtr istCioamnm entaornyS cripthuarsae si tgso atlh er evitaliozfCa htriiosntt ieaanc hing baseodnc lassCihcrails teixaeng etshieis n,t enssitfiueddoy fS criptbuylr aepy e rsownhsow istho t hink witthh eea rclhyu racbho utth cea nonitceaxaltn ,dt hset imulaotfCi horni sthiiasnt orbiicballit,ch aelo,l og icaanld p astosrcahlo ltaorwsa furrdt hienrq uiirnyts oc riptiunrtaelr prebtyaa tnicoineC nhtr istwiraint ers. Thet imfrea meo ft hedsoec umesnptasn sse vecne ntuorfie exse gefrsoimsC ,l emeonftR omet oJ ohonf Damascfruosm,t heen do ft hNee wT estameenrtta o A .D.7 50i,n cludtihnVege neraBbeldee . Layr eadaerraess kihnogw t hemyi ghstt udsya crteedx utnsd etrh ien strucotft ihogenr emaitn dosft he anciecnhtu rcThh.i cso mmenthaarsby eeinn tentionallfoyr a pg reenpearlraaealydu dieonfcn eo nprofes sionwahloss tudtyh eB ibrleeg ulaanrdlw yh oe arnewsitslthyo h avcel asCshirci stoibasne rvaotnit ohen texrte adaivlayi ltaobt lhee mT.h es eriiests a rgettoae ndy onweh ow anttsor efleacntdm editwaitteth h e early cahbuorutcthh pe l asienn steh,e olowgiiscdaolam n dm oramle anionfgp articSuclrairp ttuerxet s. A commentdaerdy icattoae ldl owainncgi eCnhtr isteixaeng ettoes sp eafokr t hemselwvielrsle frain fromt htee mptattiofio xna teen dleuspsolcnyo ntempocrrairtyi cRiastmh.ei rtw, i lslt anrde adtyop rovide textrueaslo urfrcoemsa distinguhiisshteoodrf ey x egetshiasht a sr emainmeads sivienlayc cesasnidb le shockidnigslrye gadrudreidtn hgle a scte nt.uW rey seetkom akea vailtaobo luerp resenta-uddaiye ntchees multiculmtuulrtaill,i tnrgaunaslg,e nerraetsioounroacftle h see a relcyu meniCcharli sttiraand ition. Preachaittn hgee n do ft hfier smti llennfoicuums epdr imarointl hyte e xotfS criptausur ned erstboyo d theea rleisetre emterda diotfic oonm menlta,r gceolnyv ergointn hgo swer itetrhsabt e srte fleccltaesds ic Christcioanns entshuianlk iPnrge.a chaittn hgee n do ft hsee comnidl lennhiausrm e vertsheadpt a tteIrtn . hass ofo rgottmeons to ft hescel ascsoimcm entthsa tth eayr ev exitnogfi nda nywhearned,e vewnh en locattheeday r oeft ena vailoanblliyena rchaeidci tiaonndis n adeqturaatnes laTthieop nrse.a cwhoerddi n ourt imhea sr emained largoefpl rye vbieoriuensftfll uye nptaitarli isntsipci raRteicoensn.ct holarhsahsi p sofo cuseadt tentuipoonnp ost-Enlighhtiesntmoeranintcd la ilt ermaertyh otdhsa itth asl eftt hilso nging larguenlayt tenadnedud n serviced. Thisse riperso vitdhepesa steoxre,g estteu,d eanntdl arye adweirt cho nvenmieeanntts os eweh aAtt ha nasiourJs o hCnh rysosotrot mh dee sefartth earnsd m othehrasdt os aayb ouatp artictuelxfoatrr p reach ingfo,r studayn dfo r meditatTihoenr.ie s a ne mergianwga renaemsosn gC atholPirco,t esatnadn t Orthodloaxi tthya vti tbailb lipcraela chainndsg p irifotrumaalt inoene dde epgerro undbienygo ntdh e scopoeft he historical-critthiahctaa vlge o ovreirenbneitdba ltsiitcouandlsii neo su rd ay. Hence thiiss d iwrorekct toewda ramd u chb roadaeurd ietnhcaetn h eh ightleyc hnaincdas lp ecialized scholfiaerllodyfp atrissttuidciT ehsea. u dieinsnc oetl i mittoet dh uen iversscihtoycl oanrc entroantt hien g studoyft hhei stoofrt yh et ransmiossfti hotene xotrt ot hoswei thhi ghfolcyu sed philionltoegriiecnsa tls xi LUKE textmuoarlp holoorhg iys toricails-scurTeihsot.ui gcthah le asrece r uccioanlc eforrns sp eciatlhiesaytr se, notth pea ramoiunntte roefts htisss e ries. Thisw orki sa C hristTiaalnm uTdh.e T almuidsa J ewicsohl lecotfri aobnb ianrigcu meanntdsc om mentosn t hMei shnawhh,i cehp itomitzhleead w osft hTeo raThh.e T almuodr iginianat pepdr oximately thsea mpee ritohdat th pea triwsrtiitcwe errsce o mmentoinnt ge xotfst hCeh risttiraand ition. Christians fromt hlea tpea triasgtteih cr outghhme e dieval hpaeddr oicoudm ents antaotl hoJege owuiTssa hl muadn d Midra(sJhe wicsohm mentaarviaeisl)a tbhleem ttiohng e l oosrsdai naanrdci aat etnraa dittiwoofon rsm,so f compiling oefpx attrraicestxtsei gceI snTi asl.m udfiacs hitohsnea crteedxo tfC hristSicarni ptwuarste h us clariafinedid n terpbryet thecedl ascsoimcm entators. TheA ncieCnhtr istCioamnm entaornSy c ripthuarsve e neraabnltee cedienmn etdsi eevxaelg eosfi s both eaasntdwe ersnt etrrna ditaiswo enlsal,si nt heR eformattiroand itIitoo ffne.rfo sr t hefi rstti mien thicse ntutrhyee a rlCihersits tcioamnm enatnsdr eflectoinot nhsOe l da ndN ew Testatmoea nm tosd ern audienIcnet.r insaince aclulmye nical tphrisosej reiicestds, e sigtnoes de rve ProCtaetshtoaalnnitdc, Orthodloaxpy, a stoarnadsl c holaaurdliye nces. Inc aswehse rGer eeLka,t iSny,r iaancdC opttiecx htasv ree mainuendt ransilnattEoen dg liwsehp ,r o vidnee wt ranslaWhteiroenvse.cr u rreEnntg litsrha nslaatriaeol nrse waedlyrl e ndertehdew,yi lbleu ti lizebdu,ti fn ecesstahreyli arn guwaiglebl e b rouguhptt od atWee. seetko p resefrnets hd ynamic equivalternacnys laotfil oonnsg -negtleexcwtthsei dc hhi storihcaavbleel eyrn e garadsea du thoritative modeolfsb ibliinctaelr pretation. Thesfoeu ndatisoonuarlca erfisen ditnhge wiary i ntmoa nyp ublliicb raarnidie nst toh ceo rbeo ocko l lectioofmn asn yp astaonrdsl apye rsoIntis so. u irn teanntdt hpeu blisher's ctookm emeitpth mweeh notl e seriienps r ifonrtm anyy eatrosc ome. ThomaCs. O den GenerEadli tor