Lower-Dimensional Systems and Molecular Electronics PDF
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Lower-Dimensional Systems and Molecular Electronics NA TO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics New York and London C Mathematical and Physical Sciences Kluwer Academic Publishers D Behavioral and Social Sciences Dordrecht, Boston, and London E Applied Sciences F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag G Ecological Sciences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, H Cell Biology Paris, Tokyo, Hong Kong, and Barcelona I Global Environmental Change Recent Volumes in this Series Volume 248-Lower-Dimensional Systems and Molecular Electronics edited by R. M. Metzger, P. Day, and G. C. Papavassiliou Volume 249-Advances in Nonradiative Processes in Solids edited by B. Di Bartolo Volume 250-The Application of Charge Density Research to Chemistry and Drug Design edited by George A. Jeffrey and Juan F. Piniella Volume 251-Granular Nanoelectronics edited by David K. Ferry, John R. Barker, and Carlo Jacoboni Volume 252-Laser Systems for Photobiology and Photomedicine edited by A. N. Chester, S. Martellucci, and A. M. Scheggi Volume 253-Condensed Systems of Low Dimensionality edited by J. L. Beeby Volume 254-Quantum Coherence in Mesoscopic Systems edited by B. Kramer Series B: Physics Lower-Dimensional Systems and Molecular Electronics Edited by Robert M. Metzger The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, Alabama Peter Day Institut Laue-Langevin Grenoble, France and George C. Papavassi Ii ou National Hellenic Research Foundation Athens, Greece Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute on Lower-Dimensional Systems and Molecular Electronics, held June 12-23, 1989, at Hotel Spetses, Spetses Island, Greece ISBN 978-1-4899-2090-4 ISBN 978-1-4899-2088-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-2088-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data NATO Advanced Study Institute on Lower-Dimensional Systems and Molecular Electronics (1989 : Hotel Spetses, Spetses Island, Greece) Lower-dimensional systems and molecular electronics / edited by Robert M. Metzger, Peter Day, and George C. Papavassi1iou. p. cm. — (NATO ASI series. Series B, Physics ; vol. 248) "Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute on Lower -Dimensional Systems and Molecular Electronics, held June 12-23, 1989, at Hotel Spetses, Spetses Island, Greece"—T.p. verso. "Held within the program of activities of the NATO Special Program on Condensed Systems of Low Dimensionality"—P. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 978-1-4899-2090-4 1. Organic superconductors—Congresses. 2. Molecular electronics- -Congresses. 3. Polymers—Electric properties—Congresses. 4. Thin films, Multilayered—Electric properties—Congresses. 5. Crystals- -Electric properties—Congresses. I. Metzger, R. M. (Robert M.), 1940- . II. Day, P. III. Papavassi1iou, George C. IV. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division. V. Special Program on Condensed Systems of Low Dimensionality (NATO) VI. Title. VII. Series: NATO ASI series. Series B, Physics ; v. 248. QC611.98.074N37 1989 537.6'23—dc20 91-3457 CIP © 1 990 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1990 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher SPECIAL PROGRAM ON CONDENSED SYSTEMS OF LOW DIMENSIONALITY This book contains the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held within the program of activities of the NATO Special Program on Condensed Systems of Low Dimensionality, running from 1985 to 1990 as part of the activities of the NATO Science Committee. Other books previously published as a result of the activities of the Special Program are: Volume 148 INTERCALATION IN LAYERED MATERIALS edited by M. S. Dresselhaus Volume 152 OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF NARROW·GAP LOW· DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES edited by C. M. Sotomayor Torres, J. C. Portal, J. C. Maan, and R. A. Stradling Volume 163 THIN FILM GROWTH TECHNIQUES FOR LOW· DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES edited by R. F. C. Farrow, S. S. P. Parkin, P. J. Dobson, J. H. Neave, and A. S. Arrott Volume 168 ORGANIC AND INORGANIC LOW·DIMENSIONAL CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS edited by Pierre Delhaes and Marc Drillon Volume 172 CHEMICAL PHYSICS OF INTERCALATION edited by A. P. Legrand and S. Flandrois Volume 182 PHYSICS, FABRICATION, AND APPLICATIONS OF MULTILAYERED STRUCTURES edited by P. Dhez and C. Weisbuch Volume 183 PROPERTIES OF IMPURITY STATES IN SUPERLATIICE SEMICONDUCTORS edited by C. Y. Fong, Inder P. Batra, and S. Ciraci Volume 188 REFLECTION HIGH·ENERGY ELECTRON DIFFRACTION AND REFLECTION ELECTRON IMAGING OF SURFACES edited by P. K. Larsen and P. J. Dobson Volume 189 BAND STRUCTURE ENGINEERING IN SEMICONDUCTOR MICROSTRUCTURES edited by R. A. Abram and M. Jaros Volume 194 OPTICAL SWITCHING IN LOW·DIMENSIONALSYSTEMS edited by H. Haug and L. Banyai Volume 195 METALLIZATION AND METAL·SEMICONDUCTOR INTERFACES edited by Inder P. Batra SPECIAL PROGRAM ON CONDENSED SYSTEMS OF LOW DIMENSIONALITY Volume 198 MECHANISMS OF REACTIONS OF ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS WITH SURFACES edited by D. J. Cole-Hamilton and J. O. Williams Volume 199 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF FAST ION CONDUCTORS edited by Harry L. Tu"er and Minko Balkanski Volume 200 GROWTH AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF WIDE-GAP II-VI LOW-DIMENSIONAL SEMICONDUCTORS edited by T. C. McGi", C. M. Sotomayor Torres, and W. Gebhardt Volume 202 POINT AND EXTENDED DEFECTS IN SEMICONDUCTORS edited by G. Benedek, A. Cava"ini, and W. Schreter Volume 203 EVALUATION OF ADVANCED SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY edited by David Cherns Volume 206 SPECTROSCOPY OF SEMICONDUCTOR MICROSTRUCTURES edited by Gerhard Fasol, Annalisa Fasolino, and Paolo Lugli Volume 213 INTERACTING ELECTRONS IN REDUCED DIMENSIONS edited by Dionys Baeriswyl and David K. Campbell Volume 214 SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING OF ONE-AND ZERO-DIMENSIONAL SEMICONDUCTORS edited by Steven P. Beaumont and Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres Volume 217 SOLID STATE MICROBATTERIES edited by James R. Akridge and Minko Balkanski Volume 221 GUIDELINES FOR MASTERING THE PROPERTIES OF MOLECULAR SIEVES: Relationship between the Physicochemical Properties of Zeolitic Systems and Their Low Dimensionality edited by Denise Barthomeuf, Eric G. Derouane, and Wolfgang Helderich Volume 246 DYNAMICS OF MAGNETIC FLUCTUATIONS IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS edited by George Reiter, Peter Horsch, and Gregory C. Psaltakis PREFACE This volume represents the written account of the NATO Advanced Study Institute "Lower-Dimensional Systems and Molecular Electronics" held at Hotel Spetses, Spetses Island, Greece from 12 June to 23 June 1989. The goal of the Institute was to demonstrate the breadth of chemical and physical knowledge that has been acquired in the last 20 years in inorganic and organic crystals, polymers, and thin films, which exhibit phenomena of reduced dimensionality. The interest in these systems started in the late 1960's with lower-dimensional inorganic conductors, in the early 1970's with quasi-one-dimensional crystalline organic conductors. which by 1979 led to the first organic superconductors, and, in 1977, to the fITSt conducting polymers. The study of monolayer films (Langmuir-Blodgett films) had progressed since the 1930's, but reached a great upsurge in . the early 1980's. The pursuit of non-linear optical phenomena became increasingly popular in the early 1980's, as the attention turned from inorganic crystals to organic films and polymers. And in the last few years the term "moleculw' electronics" has gained ever-increasing acceptance, although it is used in several contexts. We now have organic superconductors with critical temperatures in excess of 10 K, conducting polymers that are soluble and processable, and used commercially; we have films of a few monolayers that have high in-plane electrical conductivity, and polymers that show great promise in photonics; we even have a few devices that function almost at the molecular level. All these results, and their exploitation, depend crucially on the dynamical interplay between synthetic chemists, physicists, and engineers. The seventeen plenary lecturers, plus the three organizers of the Institute, endeavoured to cover all that was interesting and exciting in this vast subject. The seventy-eight participants added to the excitement of the Institute, not only by listening and discussing, but also by presenting short oral talks and posters, that either reinforced, or complemented the subjects covered in the plenary lectures. Given the eleven-day format, and budgetary constraints, some topics (notably inorganic lower-dimensional systems, and theory) were not covered in the plenary lectures, but were very well represented by the contributions of the participants. The setting of the conference was in the inspiring landscape of Greece, where the noblest thoughts of Western man had originated twenty-seven centuries earlier. The sky and the sea were just as blue in 1989 as it must have been in 500 B.C., but instead of tragedies, comedies. and new ways of thinking about our very existence, the conferees discussed modem theory and experiments at the interface between chemistry, physics, and device engineeering. The Gordon conference format (open afternoons) gave senior and junior investigators many opportunities to mingle and think together, away from the hurly-burly of large international gatherings. It is also hoped that the Institute has suggested some new ideas, has created some new collaborations, has inspired all participants, and particularly the younger ones, to new efforts, and has laid the foundations for new and significant scientific discoveries. This volume of 24 invited and 54 contributed papers appears, delayed by some tardy contributions, but enriched, it is hoped, by a lengthy subject index, which wishes to be a useful "catalogue raisonne" of the research results presented here. In the year that has elapsed since the conference, new results have appeared, one or two "records" have been broken, so the timeliness of the subject is at risk. However, the efforts made by all the contributors to provide a good overview of their respective fields, and the broad focus of the articles, should provide the reader with a useful work ofreference. vii Here is the place to thank: the other Organizers for their help, the NATO Scientific Affairs Division for their support, Mr. George Karamalis of Hotel Spetses for his care and attention to the happiness of the conferees, and all who came to Spetses for their enthusiasm, professionalism, and congeniality. Robert M. Metzger Dept. of Chemistry University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, AL, USA viii CONTENTS PLENARY LECTURES: CHARGE-TRANSFER COMPOUNDS DESIGN CONSTRAINTS FOR ORGANIC METALS AND SUPERCONDUCTORS ..... 1 D. O. Cowan, J. A. Fortkort, and R. M. Metzger STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF MOLECULAR CHARGE-TRANSFER CONDUcroRS AND SEMICONDUcroRS FROM INFRARED AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY. .................................................2 3 R. Bozio, A. Feis, D. Pedron, I. Zanon, and C. Pecile PLENARY LECTURES: ION-RADICAL SALTS AND SUPERCONDUCTORS REVIEW OF THE RADICAL-ION SALTS. ................................ 43 P. Delhaes FRONTIERS OF ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTORS ......................... 67 G. Saito RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTORS ...............8 5 D. Jerome STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS AS AN AID IN THE RATIONAL DESIGN OF ~-(EThX ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTORS ..................... 91 J. M. Williams, H. H. Wang, A. M. Kini, M. A. Beno, U. Geiser, A. J. Schultz, K. D. Carlson, J. R. Ferraro, and M.-H. Whangbo TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF SINGLE CRYSTALS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE PRESSED SAMPLES OF (BEDT-TTFhX SALTS AND RELATED COORDINATION POLYMERS .........................................9 7 D. Schweitzer, S. Kahlich, S. Glirtner, E. Gogu, H. Grimm, I. Heinen, T. Kutz, R. Zamboni, H. J. Keller, and G. Renner SUPERCONDUCTNITY IN MOLECULAR AND OXIDE LATTICES: A COMPARISON. ................................................ 115 P.Day OPTICAL STUDIES OF THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN ELECI'RON-LATTICE AND ELECI'RON-ELECI'RON INTERACTIONS IN ORGANIC CONDUCTORS AND SUPERCONDUCTORS .........................................1 29 R. Bozio, M. Meneghetti, D. Pedron and C. Pecile DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF POLY HETEROTETRAHETERAFULVA LENES, METAL 1,2-DIHETEROLENES, AND THEIR LOW-DIMENSIONAL CONDUCTING AND SUPERCONDUCTING SALTS ........................1 43 G. C. Papavassiliou ix
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