Low-profile Natural and Metamaterial Antennas: Analysis Methods and Applications

305 Pages·2016·9.89 MB·English

by  Hisamatsu Nakano

fi
Low-Pro le Natural and

Metamaterial Antennas
IEEE Press
445HoesLane
Piscataway,NJ08854
IEEE Press Editorial Board
TariqSamad,EditorinChief
GeorgeW.Arnold ZiaoouLi RayPerez
GiancarloFortino VladimirLumelsky LindaShafer
DmitryGoldgof Pui-InMak ZidongWang
EkramHossain JeffreyNanzer MengChuZhou
KennethMoore,DirectorofIEEEBookandInformationServices(BIS)
Technical Reviewer
Prof.ZhiNingChen,NationalUniversityofSingapore,
DepartmentofElectrical&ComputerEngineering,Singapore
fi
Low-Pro le Natural and
Metamaterial Antennas
Analysis Methods and
Applications
Hisamatsu Nakano
HoseiUniversity,Koganei, Tokyo
IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, Sponsor
The IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory
Andreas C. Cangellaris, SeriesEditor
Copyright2016byTheInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,Inc.
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ISBN:978-1-118-85979-7
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xv
PartI Introduction 1
1. CategorizationofNaturalMaterialsandMetamaterials 3
1.1 NaturalandMetamaterialAntennasDiscussedinThisBook 3
1.2 SomeAntennaExamples 6
References 8
2. IntegralEquationsandMethodofMoments 11
2.1 BasicAntennaCharacteristics 11
2.2 IntegralEquationonaStraight-WireAntenna 15
2.3 MethodofMoments 16
2.4 IntegralEquationforanArbitrarilyShapedWireAntennainFree
Space 19
2.5 Point-MatchingTechnique 22
2.6 IntegralEquationN1foranArbitrarilyShapedWireAntenna:Closed
KernelExpression 23
2.7 IntegralEquationsN2andN3foranAntennaSystemComposedofan
ArbitrarilyShapedWireandanArbitrarilyShapedApertureandTheir
MoMTransformation 27
2.8 IntegralEquationN4foranArbitrarilyShapedWireAntennaona
DielectricSubstrateBackedbyaConductingPlaneandItsMoM
Transformation 34
2.9 IntegralEquationN5foranArbitrarilyShapedWireAntennaona
DielectricHalf-SpaceandItsTransformationUsingaFinite-Difference
Technique 41
References 46
v
vi Contents
3. Finite-DifferenceTime-DomainMethods(FDTDMs) 49
3.1 Basis 49
3.2 LOD–FDTDMethod 52
References 57
PartII Low-ProfileNaturalAntennas 59
PartII-1 BaseStationAntennas 61
4. Inverted-FAntennas 63
4.1 Inverted-FAntennawithaSingleParasiticInverted-LElement 63
4.2 Inverted-FAntennawithaPairofParasiticInverted-LElements 67
References 73
5. MultiloopAntennas 75
5.1 DiscreteMultiloop(ML)Antennas 75
5.2 ModifiedMultiloopAntennas 78
5.3 Plate-Loop(PL)Antenna 82
References 83
6. Fan-ShapedAntenna 85
6.1 WidebandInputImpedance 85
6.2 CharacteristicsofTheFan-ShapedAntenna 86
6.3 CrossFan-ShapedAntenna(X-FanAntenna) 87
6.4 CrossFan-ShapedAntennaSurroundedByaWire(X-Fan-W) 89
6.5 CrossFan-ShapedAntennawithSlots(X-Fan-S) 92
References 93
7. BOR–SPRAntenna 95
7.1 Configuration 95
7.2 AntennaInputCharacteristicsofInitialPatch,Patch-Slot,
andPSPAntennas 97
7.3 ReplacementofThePatchIslandwithaConductingBodyofRevolution
(BOR) 99
References 103
Contents vii
PartII-2 CardAntennasforMobileEquipment 105
8. InvertedLFLAntennaforDual-BandOperation 107
8.1 Configuration 107
8.2 Design 107
References 114
9. Fan-ShapedCardAntenna 117
9.1 Configuration 117
9.2 AntennaCharacteristics 118
References 123
10. PlanarMonopoleCardAntenna 125
10.1 Ant-1andAnt-2 125
10.2 Ant-3andAnt-4 127
References 131
PartII-3 BeamformingAntennas 133
11. Inverted-FAntennaAboveanElectromagneticBand-GapReflector 135
11.1 Inverted-FArraywithanEBGReflector(EBG-InvFArray) 135
11.2 AntennaCharacteristics 136
References 140
12. ReconfigurableBentTwo-LeafandFour-LeafAntennas 143
12.1 BeToLAntenna 143
12.2 BeFoLAntenna 153
References 160
13. PatchAntennawithaNonuniformLoopPlate 163
13.1 AntennaSystem 163
13.2 ReferenceGainandBroadsideRadiation—Placementofa
HomogeneneousPerioAEsPlate 166
13.3 GradationConstantandTiltedRadiationBeam—Placementofa
NonhomogeneousPerioAEsPlate 168
13.4 Gain 170
References 173
14. LinearlyPolarizedRhombicGridArrayAntenna 175
14.1 Configuration 175
14.2 RadiationPatternandGain 177
14.3 VSWRCharacteristic 183
References 183
viii Contents
15. CircularlyPolarizedGridArrayAntenna 185
15.1 ConfigurationofaPrototypeLoop-BasedCPGAA 185
EDG
15.2 RadiationCharacteristicsofThePrototypeLoop-BasedCP
GAA 188
EDG
15.3 ConfigurationofanAdvancedLoop-BasedCPGAA 191
EDG
15.4 RadiationCharacteristicsofTheAdvancedLoop-BasedCP
GAA 192
EDG
References 198
PartII-4 Earth–SatelliteandSatellite–SatelliteCommunicationsAntennas 199
16. MonofilarSpiralAntennaArray 201
16.1 Tilted-BeamMonofilarSpiralAntenna 201
16.2 TiltedCPFanBeam 206
References 209
17. Low-ProfileHelicalAntennaArray 211
17.1 ArrayElement 211
17.2 ArrayAntenna 213
17.3 ApplicationExamples 219
References 221
18. CurlAntennas 223
18.1 High-GainNormal-BeamArrayAntennaComposedofInternal-
ExcitationCurlElements 223
18.2 High-GainTilted-BeamArrayAntennaComposedofExternal-Excitation
CurlElements 229
References 236
PartIII Low-ProfileMetamaterialAntennas 237
19. MetalineAntenna 239
19.1 UnitCell 239
19.2 NaturalCharacteristicImpedanceZ ,BlochImpedanceZ ,andPhase
NTR B
Constantβ 240
19.3 Two-MetalineAntennas 243
References 246