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Louis XIV and Europe PDF

322 Pages·1976·33.511 MB·English
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LOUIS XIV AND EUROPE Also by Ragnhild Hatton EUROPE IN THE AGE OF LOUIS XIV LOUIS XIV AND HIS WORLD WILLIAM ID AND LOUIS XIV: ESSAYS BY AND FOR MARK A. THOMSON, 1680-1720 (co-editor with ]. S. Bromley) STUDIES IN DIPLOMATIC HISTORY: ESSAYS IN MEMORY OF DAVID BAYNE HORN (co-editor with M.S. Anderson) LOUIS XIV AND EUROPE Edited by RAGNHILD HATTON ISBN 978-0-333-19384-6 ISBN 978-1-349-15659-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-15659-7 Editorial matter and selection© Ragnhild Hatton 1976 Chapters 1-11 inclusive© The Macmillan Press Ltd 1976 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1976 978-0-333-13660-7 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission First published 1976 by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD London and Basingstoke Associated companies in New York Dublin Melbourne Johannesburg and Madras SBN 333 13660 8 (hardcover) SBN 333 19384 9 (paperback) The paperback edition of this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent, in any form of binding or cover than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. This book is sold subject to the standard conditions of the Net Book Agreement Contents Preface Vl1 Notes on Contributors 1X Maps xii PART I GENERAL PROBLEMS 1 Louis XIV's Methods in Foreign Policy Victor-L. Tapie 3 2 Louis XIV and his Fellow Monarchs Ragnhild Hatton 16 3 Louis XIV and the Gerrnanies Georges Livet 60 4 Louis XIV and the Jacobites Claude Nordmann 82 PART II CASE-STUDIES 5 Louis XIV and the Electorate of Trier 1652-1676 Rene Pillorget 115 6 An Attempted Rapprochement between France and the Emperor : the Secret Treaty for the Partition of the Spanish Succession of 19 January 1668 Jean Berenger 133 7 Louis XIV and the Dutch War Paul Sonnino 153 8 Louis XIV and the Outbreak of the Nine Years War Geoffrey Symcox 179 9 Attempts to Build a 'Third Party' in North Ger- many, 1690-1694 ]anine Fayard 213 10 The End of an Era: Louis XIV and Victor Amadeus II Ralph D. Hande n 241 vi Contents 11 Colbert de Torey, an Emergent Bureaucracy, and the Formulation of French Foreign Policy, 1698- 1715 fohn C. Rule 261 Glossary 289 Chronology 291 List of Persons 303 Preface These essays are intended to put students in touch with im portant research in, or trends of thought on, the foreign policy and problems of Louis XIV's reign. Some of them will be familiar to academic teachers since they are either translations andjor amended versions of articles and contributions which have appeared in print; others have been commissioned for the volume. The book is divided into two parts. The first is devoted to general views of various kinds. It opens with TapiC's analysis of Louis XIV's methods in foreign policy and with the editor's examination of Louis in a contemporary European perspective. Next follows Livet's discussion of Louis' relationship to the Ger manies (the Holy Roman Empire as well as the Austrian Habs burg dominions), and Nordmann's resume of Louis XIV's policy towards the J acobites. In the second part, given up to specific case-studies, a chronological arrangement has been adopted. Pillorget's research into the relationship of the archbishop-electors of Trier to France, both before and after Louis XIV took over the government, is vital to an understanding of the eastern frontier problem. Berenger's detailed study of the secret partition treaty of 1668 between the emperor Leopold and Louis XIV illuminates a significant stage in Austria's relations with Spain and France. Sonnino's interpretation of Louis' military memoirs for the Dutch War rests on minute detective work; and he clearly proves his point that Louis - though possibly less con sciously than Sonnino assumes - tailored the finished memoirs to fit that picture of himself which he wished to bequeath to posterity. Symcox's examination of the outbreak of the Nine Years War explores new ground and is vital to our grasp of the situation in 1688-9. Janine Fayard's contribution is focused on North Germany and is especially important because she puts into perspective the sums spent on pensions and presents to further a given foreign-policy objective by a comparison with viii Preface incoming sums in the same period. Handen examines a significant decision in Louis' foreign policy : the abandonment of France's traditional Italian objectives in the 1690s. Finally, Rule's analysis of the Torey period, 1698-1715, throws light both on the relation ship between Louis XIV and Torey and on the developing bureaucratisation of the French foreign office. The editor wishes to thank the contributors for their help and co-operation in making their work available for publication. The translations have been made by Dr Geoffrey Symcox of the University of California at Los Angeles and Dr Derek McKay of the London School of Economics, in collaboration with the editor. Hamish Scott of the University of Birmingham kindly helped with the proof-reading. The editor is grateful to the Ohio State University Press for permission to reprint (with minor changes) her own contribution which originally appeared in Louis XIV and the Craft of King ship, edited by John C. Rule; for permission to reprint other articles she must thank the XVIIe Siecle, the Revue d'Histoire Diplomatique, and the Revue des Travaux de l'A cademie des Sciences Morales et Politiques. The editor has appended a glossary of French and German terms which may be unfamiliar, a list of persons mentioned where they are not sufficiently explained in the text or in the notes, and a chronology of significant dates for the foreign policy of the reign. Notes on Contributors }EAN BERENGER, Docteur es Lettres, Professor at the University of Rennes II. Author of 'Charles Colbert, Marquis de Croissy', in R. a Mousnier (ed.), Le Conseil du roi de Louis XII la Revolution ( 1970); Les Gravamina. Remonstrances des Dietes de H ongrie de a 1655 1681 (1973); Finances et absolutisme autrichien dans la seconde moitie du XVII6 siecle (1975). }ANINE FAYARD, Maitre-Assistant in Modern History at the Univer sity of Dijon, former member of Ecole des Hautes Etudes His paniques. Author of 'La tentative de reforme du Conseil de Castile sous la regne de Philippe V (1713-1715)', Melanges de la Casa de Velasques, vol. II (1966). RALPH D. HANDEN, Assistant Professor at the University of Cali fornia (Riverside), has written a Ph.D. thesis at Ohio State University on France's relationship with Savoy during the Nine Years War. He is now working on the history of science, a subject for which both his earlier science degree and his undergraduate and postgraduate history degrees fit him well. RAGNHILD HATTON, Professor of International History, University of London (L.S.E.). Author of War and Peace 1680-1720 (1969), Europe in the Age of Louis XIV (1969), Louis XIV and his World (1972); co-editor of and contributor to William III and Louis XIV. Essays by and for Mark A. Thomson (with J. S. Bromley, 1968) and of Studies in Diplomatic History. Essays in Memory of David Bayne Horn (with M.S. Anderson, 1970). GEORGES LIVET, Docteur es Lettres, Professor of Modern History at the University of Strasbourg. Vice-President of the Comite Fran~_;ais des Sciences Historiques. Editor of three volumes in the Recueil des Instructions aux Ambassadeurs et Ministres de France, XXVII, Etats Allemands: vol. I, Electorat de Mayence (1962), vol. II, Elec torat de Cologne (1963), vol. m, Electorat de Treves (1966). Author of several books on Alsace, on the Wars of Religion and the Thirty Years War; and of a chapter in the New Cambridge Modern History, A*

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