Table Of Content

Los Adaes THE FIRST CAPITAL OF SPANISH TEXAS Summerfield G. Roberts Texas History Series Los Adaes THE FIRST CAPITAL OF SPANISH TEXAS Francis X. Galán Texas A&M University Press College Station Copyright © 2020 by Francis X. Galán All rights reserved First edition This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1 992 (Permanence of Paper). Binding materials have been chosen for durability. Manufactured in the United States of America ♾ ♲ Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Galán, Francis X., author. Title: Los Adaes, the first capital of Spanish Texas / Francis X. Galán. Other titles: Summerfield G. Roberts Texas history series. Description: First edition. | College Station: Texas A&M University Press, [2020] | Series: Summerfield G. Roberts Texas history series | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020005304 (print) | LCCN 2020005305 (ebook) | ISBN 9781623498788 (hardback) | ISBN 9781623498795 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Texas— History— To 1846. | Los Adaes State Commemorative Area (La.)— History. | Presidio de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Los Adaes Site (La.)— History. | Texas—C apital and capitol. | New Spain—B oundaries. | New Spain— Colonies— America. Classification: LCC F389 .G235 2020 (print) | LCC F389 (ebook) | DDC 976.4/01— dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020005304 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020005305 To Emma, Nicolás, and Madison Contents List of Maps and Figures ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction Broken Border 1 Chapter 1 Forged in Blood 17 Chapter 2 Food for the Soul 41 Chapter 3 Bourbon Kinship 61 Chapter 4 Blood Debt 90 Chapter 5 Smugglers’ Paradise 120 Chapter 6 Apachitos and Africans: Captivity and Slavery 163 Chapter 7 Trail of Sorrows 190 Epilogue Rebirth, Borders, and Freedom 221 Appendixes Appendix A Mission Ranching/Farming in East Texas, 1727 241 Appendix B Military Roster at Los Adaes, May 1731 243 Appendix C Inventory of Arsenal at Presidio Los Adaes, 1734 247 Appendix D List of Contraband Goods among French, Caddos, and Franciscan Missionaries, 1766 249 Appendix E Contraband Goods of French Trader Duzan Lodre Seized by the Spanish near Bermudez Ranch in the Jurisdiction of Los Adaes, August 1766 251 vii Appendix F Spanish Gifts to Taovaya Indians for Ransom of the Spanish Captive Antonio Treviño, 1765 253 Appendix G List of Adaeseños from Testimony and Request to Move from San Antonio to the Abandoned Mission Dolores de los Ais in East Texas, October 4, 1773 255 Appendix H List of Adaeseños Who Remained in San Antonio and Their Petition for Land to Subsist with Their Families, January 4, 1778 259 Appendix I List of Adaeseños Who Received Suertes of Land from Mission San Antonio de Valero, February 25, 1793 263 Glossary 265 Notes 269 Bibliography 373 Index 389 viii CONTENTS