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The frontiers of science today continue to be advanced by the dogged determination of many researchers who think ‘outside-the-box’.They en- countersimilarobstaclesthatcanhindertheprogressofinnovation. This volume, “Looking Beyond the Frontiers of Science” is dedicated toProfessorKokKhooPhua(knownto allasKK)whoopenedthedoorto facilitateinnovationsanddiscoveriesbyscientistsaroundtheworld. AsayounggraduateofBirminghamUniversity,underTonySkyrme,he returned to Singapore in 1971 and established a particle physics research groupatNanyangUniversity,andlateratNationalUniversityofSingapore, andpublishedover80articlesinhisscientificcareer. As a visionary scientist, his dream was to promote frontier research in AsiaandmakeSingaporeintoahubforinternationalscientiststogatherand exchange news and ideas.In 1978, he organized an International Meeting onFrontiersofPhysicsinSingaporewith180participantsfromaroundthe world.He went on to organize many, many international conferences and workshopsnotjustinSingapore,butelsewhereinAsia-Pacific. His dream, however, was larger than simply organizing conferences andworkshops.HisdesirewastomakeSingaporeintoaworldcenterforthe v July6,2022 9:25 ws-rv961x669 BookTitle Preface pagevi vi Preface publicationofbooksandjournalsinfrontiersofscience.Forthis,hesought the advice of Professors C. N. Yang, Abdus Salam, and S. Weinberg.And in 1981, he took the bold step to establish the World Scientific Publishing Company.Astheysayinfolklorelingo,therestishistory. Thisuniquevolumeontheoccasionofhis80thbirthdayconsistsoftwo parts. Part I is a compilation of tributes from his prominent physicist friends aroundtheworldwhohaveknownhimfordecades. Part II is a collection of research papers that celebrate his visionary ap- proachtopromotescienceresearchandeducationworldwide.Thetopicsin this volume by young and old colleagues working on extending the Fron- tiers of Science include:Beyond the Standard Model, Dark Matter, Phase Transitions,QuantumComputing,QuantumGravity,andStringTheory. When he was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) in 2009, the citation read:‘For tireless efforts to strengthen scientific re- search throughout Asia and promote international physics education and scholarly exchanges, and for enriching science and education through the WorldScientificPublishingCompanyhefounded’. Mayhiseffortscontinueashecrossesyetanothermilestone! Editors July2022 July5,2022 15:20 ws-rv961x669 BookTitle ToC pagevii Contents Preface v Part I — Tributes MyAssociationwithWSPCandCollaborationwithK.K.Phua 3 IgnatiosAntoniadis KK,ParticlePhysicist,WorldScientificandtheInstituteof AdvancedStudies 7 LarsBrink ToKK,MyDearFriendandColleague 11 Ngee-PongChang KK’sRoleinLaunchingOCPAConferences:Lookingtothe 21stCentury 19 Ngee-PongChang,Chi-SingLamandBing-LinYoung KokKhooPhuaandOCPA 29 Tu-NanChang SingaporeandCERN 33 AlbertDeRoeckandEmmanuelTsesmelis vii July5,2022 15:20 ws-rv961x669 BookTitle ToC pageviii viii Contents TwentyYearsandCounting 47 BergeEnglert K.K.PhuaandI 49 DaHsuanFeng KKandaNiceMemoryoftheEmergentSingapore 53 KazuoFujikawa K.K.Phua’sContributiontoInternationalPhysicsCommunityand theInternationalUnionofPureandAppliedPhysics 55 LeongChuanKwek,BruceMcKellarandMichelSpiro AnEnterprisingTheoreticalPhysicist 59 H.T.Nieh AboutKKinSingapore 63 C.H.Oh BiologicalLiquidCrystalResearchandK.K.Phua’sVisionary Support 67 Zhong-canOuyang K.K.PhuaandICTP 87 K.R.Sreenivasan ChallengingtheGiantsofScientificPublishing! 91 BernardT.G.Tan FortheBirthdayVolumeofK.K.Phua 93 JeanTranThanhVan TributetoProfessorK.K.Phua 97 HenryTye ABriefHistoryofanIndianInitiative:ICTS–TIFR 99 SpentaR.Wadia July5,2022 15:20 ws-rv961x669 BookTitle ToC pageix Contents ix AGreatSciencePromoter 113 YifangWang KKandHisScientificContributionsinAsia 117 AndrewWee WorldScientificinmyAcademicCareer—Celebratingthe 80thBirthdayofK.K.Phua 123 Yue-LiangWu AGenerousGiant—ProfessorK.K.Phua 127 Nai-ChangYeh ToK.K.Phuaat80 133 KennethYoung + My40 YearRelationshipwithK.K.PhuaandWorldScientific 139 A.Zee ShortTributes 143 AbhayAshtekar IgorDremin MarcHenneaux ValeryRubakov JohnSchwarz MishaShifman Part II — Research Papers DoWeKnowHowtoDefineEnergyinGeneralRelativity? 149 SinyaAoki QuantumComputationsandOptionPricing 159 BelalEhsanBaaquie StudiesonPartitionTemperatureModelatLHCEnergies 181 A.H.Chan,C.W.Chong,C.H.OhandZ.Ong