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Longman Advanced Grammar PDF

303 Pages·2007·17.79 MB·English
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Alexander LONGMAN ADVANCED GRAMMAR Reference and Practice weet ene ‘magma eamuncnge own Seti met Senter Acknowledgements any versions ofthese mater were xed outwith udents in four tours, Ihe ‘nook sn present form pay asa resue of Oe wef reports ans ony cases the very detailed corrmentsecelved while the woth wax Bemgdeweoped. [WOU Fev chank ie ners east Yeradeyina Ameo Galarunglest, lo Rose Haherfeld Germaity ane sere HumboldeLnreni Be Grome Nichows begley ‘he Morais Schoo, Athens Cinited Kingdom steve Suore urucenee, Lee Green | em als ito thank: Rng Kingshury for is comprehensive epor othe areal prapos ‘ny psa aesitan,Lenelope Parfit. for hee veseaec and satoral wok, = my we, lia, forreading te entire memnserp. dung ll he exer md making ‘erated comments, {am copecalygratefulro my publishers heir representatives Horns re and aroun the developmen os rer eros aca a or feetching ch var and Sara se dhe work teal pao Longman English Grammar Se by LS. Alexander angoman Elis Grama 3 Roterenee tna tr bg anguise Stop ny Step 1-3: ride Grama Pages Heploners 1 Pre ysermedae Tew ‘agian engi Gnamimar Bracice Guenee Leve) domgman Advvencer Grea 10 " 2 oF ” * Contents Conventions use inthis book Wenrodaction Study Section Watching children (8:8) ager ram Jira nome nee Pop An absurdlts (rE) Ie Sunt Fae ‘The man who discovered Britain (Ame) ‘Teele Tage cof ae ee ac eet Fst lms. 9 gone Heroic failures (re) Little queens sweap the board (rE) Bhactiromaewemany favener bis Other 8, 8 ‘The cupthat chewrs (BE) Dred Paoree Junket for rabters was police trap (BE) ovat nom acl hy chat teganan, Mant 18 2981 Roman regimental brewery (2r€] Plana-load of 400 lobsters (8rE) ‘xse tom aemeeepon Dy Lea ote, sugust 20, 198 ‘AeLevels or £m? (rE) ie Suede Tce eae fom nese At iy, BALLS. 190 Memnorles of a great actress (8) ‘pond Aor ana Wen oe gd Fue os 198 pager 3031 ta bale Monique (872) Toe ty Te Fate stucaiie by Span bry ube 1968, Patagonia (Ere) Pench 1997 bes EU You'te Matowe? (Am) fh gs ney Rg ane ‘youcar’t teach managers (8:E) fost Sake Margery Rober eer 2 a 2 6 6 v B e 20 a 2 a 2 3s % a 2s 2» 2» a" 32 23 An English lesson (8r€) Tron An Ton rat koma an Fan a age 22 minty (re) ‘rom En St Se be ou sen “The criminal oak’ Bre) she tanoe Evel Lonuaeesrepet by frances Gibb, 1884 ‘asta dirty dollars (Br) Ents tinea Py Dav oanae Mah, 19M Fire message in plain English (EE) avert’ Enc aucesccptty A. Melton ete 20,199 “Another day begins (Amie} SBleceboot, 1 panes Patients get the message (BrE> Esto feel by Ob i ua 26.198 ‘Spot of mutiny onthe high Cs (875) frat erm ace SoS 3 31,6 Homeopathy (6) ntl len ase by ay Sure le 2, 1 Decifon-thinking (8rF) fom Pfam onthe ye ew ‘Sesh a acsor, 1, page 108 Pigaote nat sa brd-bralned’ (re) Tee Pui Terao eet ome pa by Adria ay, 3496, 88 First impressions (Ame) Sherlock Holmes (rE) team satu of arog Hoes ye 8, Coa DONS Tool, 1975, pe 610" Breaking the Portland Vase (86) rr rewire hy Andre le, ES AR Fexsmad Nevr Yorkers (BE) sec amici ny Cale Uerener Jenusny 2 189 Japan's underground Franti (Ar) ins tren ste by Sh Rani Feb 6,959 ‘Schooldays (Canadian) eng Hooks 1987. pea 7a Ourtribal past (re) n m “6 ma mm 16 0 4 3s 8 » Fy Fr a 4s a 9 so Village wornen Br} Frostmane engage roams and nightmares (Ame) teria Whar arn dd ‘Hein anddstry apd Caner ‘Armageddon larder (8/6) Toe independent xt fests Sew Warp) 1m Alzholmar’ tettele protein (Ae) hea ed Ror Rae ewsregort Ovtober 1989 Drugetvar averkll Ame) ‘aut fam are hy Cusophe you. eee 2189 Garbage (Ame) ete ont arice RDA Wiliam. ee, Deen ‘Tho Japanese sense of beauty (HE) eT ef i i om re ee ‘Two toples of conversation (BE) Tachi 8, pages $258 Invasion of the data snatchers! (AmE) Excaeeframarticey Hh erie Wa. Siu 261988 ‘The thoughts of Haney Wilt (878) ‘om Wi by Tow Sane anoots, 19% pa Dinosaurs on a tidal wave? (exe) ‘When mothers work (Ame a Fay Farce imate tha paaging Roe other by Reger askin uly 189 Peter (Bre) Fe Pe anf eens hy ube Seon 9A jugs S85 Life on a desert land (Ore) Fensuin Books 1d page 52 ‘The crowd ame} [he Sorter of ay Drab Ray Deady Grnnis Poona, 156, ppc 38 AAllpoltesistocal me) ‘cle Sliaah Lema. Outer, 8 \Whatis the soul? (2ré) froma Rriesoatontte ® Ses Mausam ve 12 196 20 208 57. The ultimate quest (ame) ary Pet oma neat hy Mit Pemtich apr 1,1! 52 Hemty Ford (Ame) 28 fom Pa Fors an fetch ere alee Dal Monin 33 Thehealer (Bre) zo fo te eo tye 38 Taxtame) aa oe Bon grants sutton ale he Cau Webber Spm EA 55. The Marquess of Queensberry (sme) ae from Ota itchy ad lr 56. The center of our galany (Ame) 22 Sitce teria Sxintinomanicc by Usafes t Tynan eben ena Ape 5? Mes Radefitfe ere) 236 Reet om Sh die Boers Sorin Moet 58. Spiders (Australiant no ea arte Meets Wy Che Jaen 59. My mother (bre) . 2a 60 Forbicking frit rep 248 Pas Ie alice Jone 5, 1968 Reference Section Tontreterencet 22 Grammarrerms and concepts 266 Structural index 232 Conventions used this book ues tongman Engtich Grammar Las Longeaae Advanced Grammar Bre Brith Engtish Ame American Enalish ott. likely student error i cross reference inAvp) appendix reference (Leap w Phonetic tranceriptiom A taf eros references) La linevines ee Introduction Who is this book for? Thinbook nf aeancee sagen ag ava hieeym secon tanga, wong fi cn sea eared begins tabu tn: ved of te ail tt Cee Fats ni evel of She Caaedge aac eis enna sl einai evel oe Cami Gerais of Yroceney. The ate sed fr source gtr curses ais sale osteo he appropriate santanL whe heh ae ream examunstoes9¢ 2 any eve wee Gotten cpa oe ha Ceeyearperod What does it do? Longa avanend ramon be hoc 1 Toseeve sat advaeau xe coer ening the assay te ke 0 decane ten 2 Toprock peacticein advanced paste grammar 3 Woseeve wan agrancis orc sma ese atone oe oUMin coment snd norjust quoted at venience level utolitnn inanttvir sme, he suk shinee fupedons ease 4 Preteen anda Reve Ton for sadents wise pesions harming sory aa wot prepared them 0 Cops wi esa deuce. Rationale: what isan ‘advanced level’? {het ae rw cnmmon menncepsione about abe mean of advan lie Hane (be earl weigh ae" sis hat stents eeu ee me ate si es ‘hie cles tae never tad "ne sec beret bi fuxcabulry Th rsp sia ttm Slatyes do nn ex nan eye [MOUDLN spr wma eet Oe hy ro fama twas conn CODE resent stand level And we stu hat sre wor my he ot ot enh Yorabalay a adran.edesel ari feel dees et conus iy etch hempeeatCleusone eae resve Tse thc ay wert ean to ea aber (eedocaton is generale recive Bea ens Seatac ging acquon aed ‘hereon soue of ical Seubeni may hot bat lc toprodere cones ae sometimes pnt elcaeins, bother Rave esky nth aang the The Expaciyloczeceptioswspeenctess the enpacy for fret, ce ate tou rial ato (oer tha me Lend which aso seyaoed level ott ale gota groonnua pats or etheuly athe | eutent hanced ents aeume an serio knoetedge ofthe win the kind of ko wtede ino aed bing ws ners ete ey ca ceende ts nkormainn icp of “wrinng Porte purpmeothi Dooly we fave chatsurm marine ho se “world eects eae wn he pig aeranced sual Te more spec fest the mote cizncultit sand this apples a nae peskers rch asic de Ug students flows that hight pened exe natn vse Fama Book oe Ter drawn om roa range of el het os sui acuntptions alta bY the edour quay ne soqupers: tame, a there lie Fi ge ae ‘a. Tea unt prea ek of gla, Mot jase aad general, weak Deople. with ule nngencawegeness of Une mental thetn, eno 2 stusione ‘la waters aude nevonuected ath the ssumptone tlt mike ala het eu fcesinars fa sintcralludesta Tice cin she este Wag ths tes oak hes ‘eneouercishlsemeen hefte and heres den ees wohane kesplaned. ateeaees ay abe cule ond. refering fepea tein the Teespeasnon eater salt he obsate ite wames a meee tsb the sda neteoms Meaaa ee fe amaiwespeatsr which he abe sleeoer Wha es gage eu net st acon Me the way wnt ae combina mike sentences: 26. aka 4 entenue ea sauce of ody ls sue Seer oe Dts. amuighe lees pin th caune dct uns preips constrain rele aun appeal Cues ounpementatnnakervebe dajteee se ae Niswommon knowtngs theca erenfeny,omnatve eae ha sil hac ey 18 opine wh pliation: lke Howe Mgucin,Te Fes ar Ye ease vung "guaths’noes vane ey basse been ine ey aeonle Negutcu eaneh ale Souci thitae combined saticaly ints complex sete te ky compretiensnat te wdeanced keel fietekns ne coop analeet vata Abang itl sian tia nro woud afl exe lane 4 Grammar points suger pris pose ama prolen pecn. all ae ening tse kts Ive been alien azirine view of tues humm fules alvanta nee lg resent years serine sete at evan in peogtem at Ie mauhen otspeoueg inst be est ed ivaccremr for sacri Pvt Beconiig i euconne gt smoking Desens. Atesoved level mtroal-nrctoce cequins#leepes watentarcang at Hammes somuscsand wht Ley onres. nell tne etna ot poste ‘A description of the material “Tbk cide ita vr pasa hal setinn and a weurunee sec ‘The suty setou.contme ey: Jour ge it Tach wo lie wha Le toed ip oes la non iting pages. Te escees wah the te hn heel and fe cuncentatcamnsrenceumetieecodr concerned with roberenee (ot) erty nthe citi ge ce deenced to: laon lence, haste, Seana Ineviahly, ete degresofovecp, sept gon whether souctnee hese ah be tom te: wir of ie n/xmtin vaya deni wren The usw panes eave ee ee inna ellonted hye panes of Not s Al i ecng gee: e ones Terie htt usteig enensnes andes ey. tach row cence "ate paren donk md aso tthe Longnan glo Greroora for student creo sci vfoemation. Tess extn ec apies 240 page Tee reer ee secon (ages 292K) cones te alewving st expinttion st test refeences mere dif allions Ce tbe art fe eer Ei Tso sae, ‘orwamone wm and eases 9 dead sical en TeisBetin me sope u dnc ek Yo pride feng rest Cale rental ike ‘Tae anthenireselionen reper! kind hae we Sra ea ot plow infocmaticn "her are roe from wile ranger Beth sl Seca snes Lh source ‘teach west quoted eves ure conta ac he fe ronan ey cists wheaher 3 ea Ei lsh NP anrican Eagle a ‘ttopies vere ieatemee wide aml dele tw appeal nc honspecakcroncea aes “who inerestedinansiing and ever ng rn intcrow sues ote Lees a cevelopinenisin space nswiteh The Lees aera teu ome oti ese ‘amen. opting sce asi apricar ariel sre taper om eo sing (ron. Wich Rate boc comectet the rial prcmation seh level eve he ‘Sarguy Soviet Taken etic the ealares npeenary rple steel lnglsh and rcdocca gree del oretise vas, cual umvsnate se oe, fefecuve canine shargunentate Pre seria Thestrveuies w he vores nol aa asthey generllyanew prince Books at lewerlevuletb ply Susp 7nd Langan Drglch nn Pra, or xs Int she ae eid hs este lo bch sete base subse wrk fom est tracare, not eo srt a texts Tis aa Ee een inh fest) theca eve. Cy tinued that tm adeno ve thy ny ence ge Tequesta fneetvuny ort to rape eth ils avanced EDS A This tevel stadentsacqte conta ul new steulure nl era te HY a dot ‘how lngan yy rasan von, hey ere nem Rew in n very eg once ideas purteipicconsiactns, ret ees apposn, ele tae ‘through aaaies and semticns. The ange ofxerciesrypes ik emtvewely ate key ce alo Delfaieeatinglicaie sans cme een anaes wb ae cA ihe ore {ent ie gives sudts he satan cates he a. "ne srt pots om the ighichand page ae ali suygesety ote, he ake Sesigned to ceutoree. ssn wel wie cate what te stent my ae ‘eye ound wy evel adil wat ay trem: Ft De CC Cot nother, Some exces tat have been salad forced puss fn see fi slae,spbeelaec clowenta: pul ay ol he woeanp feral rina cise with orm anal wera hy so rmsming Soe etc ‘encesiate on ou whe hin ols beater one tering es conecarle ‘one: Te pint ae dar eri rem rast renee Jesh ie Inertbacout undering cui sts maxadn a wi The Sener of guage Kevan site Inthe Notes dat alow each of ezecies. howe as noel bonantary om semence strum aad granmaticnpotsas space way”. 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