Loneliness in Older Adults: Effects, Prevention, and Treatment PDF
Preview Loneliness in Older Adults: Effects, Prevention, and Treatment
LONELINESS IN OLDER ADULTS This page intentionally left blank LONELINESS IN OLDER ADULTS Effects, Prevention, and Treatment LUIS MIGUEL RONDÓN GARCÍA Psychology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain AcademicPress isanimprintofElsevier 125London Wall,London EC2Y5AS,UnitedKingdom 525BStreet,Suite1650,SanDiego,CA92101,UnitedStates 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor, Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates TheBoulevard,Langford Lane,Kidlington,OxfordOX5 1GB,UnitedKingdom Copyright©2022ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyany means,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformation storageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Details onhowtoseekpermission,furtherinformationaboutthePublisher’spermissions policiesandourarrangementswithorganizationssuchastheCopyrightClearance CenterandtheCopyrightLicensingAgency,canbefoundatourwebsite: www.elsevier.com/permissions. Thisbookandtheindividual contributionscontainedinitareprotected under copyrightbythePublisher (otherthanasmaybenotedherein). Notices Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging. Asnew research andexperiencebroadenourunderstanding, changesinresearch methods,professional practices,ormedical treatment maybecomenecessary. Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheir ownexperience andknowledge inevaluating andusingany information,methods,compounds,orexperiments describedherein. Inusingsuchinformation ormethods theyshouldbemindfulof theirown safetyandthesafetyofothers,includingpartiesforwhomthey havea professionalresponsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neither thePublishernortheauthors,contributors, or editors,assume anyliabilityforanyinjury and/ordamagetopersonsorproperty asa matterofproductsliability,negligence orotherwise,or fromanyuseor operationof anymethods,products, instructions,or ideascontainedinthematerialherein. ISBN:978-0-323-91659-2 Forinformation onallAcademic Presspublications visitour website athttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:NikkiP.Levy Acquisitions Editor: NatalieFarra EditorialProjectManager:Czarina MaeSOsuyos ProductionProjectManager:Selvaraj Raviraj CoverDesigner: Mark Rogers TypesetbyTNQTechnologies Dedication I dedicate it to my parents: Howgreatitistobethesonofgoodparents.Theywillneverbealone. This page intentionally left blank Contents Dedication v Introduction xi 1. Loneliness in aging: concept, typology and characteristics 1 Introduction 1 Thecontextofaging,socialchanges 4 Demographic changes 4 Familychanges 6 Changesinvalues 7 Conceptualapproach totheterm loneliness 8 Ageism 10 Loneliness 11 Typesofloneliness 13 Characteristics ofloneliness 19 Heterogeneity 22 2. Explanatory models of the cognitive approach to loneliness 25 Introduction 25 Paradigmsrelatedtoloneliness 27 Existentialparadigm 28 Psychodynamicparadigm 30 Interactionistparadigm 32 Cognitivistparadigm 34 Humanistparadigm.Person-centeredmodel 39 Finalsynthesis.Paradigms contributionsfromamultidimensional perspective 44 3. Neuroscience: in the direction of building interactive bridges against loneliness 47 Introduction.Buildingbridgestoabetterunderstanding regarding loneliness 47 Theneuroscienceofloneliness 50 vii viii Contents Lonelinessisinthebrain 53 Proposals topreventtheimpactoflonelinessonthebrainfroma comprehensive perspective 63 4. The paradigm of active aging in the prevention of loneliness 67 Lonelinessinanincreasingly agingworld 67 Approaches oftheparadigmofactiveaging 69 Theneedtobuildasocietyforallages 79 Thecontextofactiveagingintheknowledge society 81 Successful active agingstrategiestocopewithloneliness 84 5. The impact of social relations as preventive mechanisms in loneliness and quality of life of the elderly 89 Introduction. Socialrelationships asa vectorofloneliness 89 Social networksasahingefortheconstructionofsocialrelationships 92 Social relationships asasourceofresources againstloneliness 96 Positive relationshipsasavectortopreventloneliness 102 Social relationships andqualityoflife 108 Social relationsintermsofgenderandage 114 6. Loneliness from a plural point of view: immigrants, women, dependents, LGTBI 119 Rainbow lonelinessinLGBTIpeople 120 Lonelinesswithin immigrantpeople 128 Pink lonelinessfromagender perspective 135 Lonelinesswithin dependentpeople 136 7. Design of intervention in programs, accompaniment actions, and prevention of loneliness in the elderly 143 Introduction 143 Theneedtopreventloneliness 143 Planningstrategiesfortheprevention ofloneliness 146 Good practicestopreventloneliness 149 Innovative projectsandinitiativestopreventlonelinessindifferent countries 151 Contents ix France.Programmobilizationnationale contrel’isolementdes âgés Monalisa 156 ExperiencesofgoodpracticesinthefightagainstlonelinessinSpain 159 Socialresources tocombatloneliness 163 Noninstitutionalresources 165 8. Measurement tools and resources for loneliness prevention 167 Introduction 167 Regardingmeasuringloneliness 167 Lonelinessmeasurement scales 169 Quantitativescales 169 TheJongGierveld scale 171 UCLAlonelinessscale 175 EastScaleofsocialsolitude, oftheUniversityofGranada (EASTIandEASTII) 177 Eastlonelinessscale I 177 Eastsociallonelinessscale II 178 Qualitativelonelinessmeasurementtools 181 Tool1. Semistructuredinterviewtomeasurelonelinessanditsprevention 183 Tool2. Caseanalysis 188 Phase1. Selectacase 190 Phase2. Datacollection 190 Phase3. Dataanalysisandcasestudyreport 190 Phase4. Showthechallengesthatthestudybringsanditstransfer 191 Phase5. Showandpublicizethesolutions provided 191 Phase6. Conclusions 191 References 191 References 193 Index 199
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