“This is an original and profound piece of ethnography which Michał P. Garapich explores the complex web of meanings attributed to being Polish in London. Based on interviews and participant observation in a multitude of locations, from a shelter for homeless people to West- minster, the book illuminates how migrants construct ethnicity in G terms of social class, and vice versa. Garapich argues that ‘there a r a is a clear need to place the discourse of social class at the centre of p ethnic and nationalism studies’. His book shows brilliantly how ic h m‘atLiwoi oobnihnngu ard (rtfatdooo nine rttt n hsmei sexua e ancslaimeodtn ne tpsahrs alttereorte ,uul sabbrconeetyueg Porduccono aeal ngit.s srceT haae hon raPeftsb oncobrllarooaigtssoaihasodk nnt c’ao,iai slta lssey nohsr diso anm crbh eiaaaao kasltw neeafidsk dee e a ltdidnh nvis-ns af,Ppio lcdouurii-ltatsagyebcnr ulciadedasn )ensc tiaobe nbsndug eat t rf bbhaiaboooslsuuhtwho--t L how creating London’s Polish borders is for many migrants part of o a complex process of establishing points of similarity and differ- n ence between Polish society abroad and in Poland.” d o Professor Anne White n University College London, School of Slavonic and East European Studies ' s P “In this important and rich monograph, Michał P. Garapich shows o there are two major paradigms of interpretation in which we can l i s conceptualise Polish presence in London: First, ethnic identity, h second, deep class divisions. In consequence, this unity and diver- B sity, fission and fusion creates a situation in which various groups o recognise unity of language and identity but are aware of deep so- r L ' cial dissonances and make sense of them. Garapich merges the two d ondon s e paradigms and the result is what anthropology does best—bring- r ing alive the complexity of human life and richness of the web of s meanings we produce.” Professor Michał Buchowski P B Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań; European University Viadrina, Frankfurt/Oder oLish orders Transnationalizing Class and Ethnicity About the author: Michał P. Garapich is a social anthropologist and senior lecturer at the among Polish Migrants in London Department of Social Sciences, University of Roehampton. ISBN: 978-3-8382-0877-0 ibidem ibidem Michał P. Garapich London's Polish Borders Transnationalizing Class and Ethnicity among Polish Migrants in London Michał P. Garapich LONDON’S POLISH BORDERS Transnationalizing Class and Ethnicity among Polish Migrants in London ibidem- Verlag Stuttgart Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Cover design: Katarzyna Depta-Garapich ISBN-1 3: 978-3-8382-6607-7 © ibidem-Verlag / ibidem Press Stuttgart, Germany 2016 Alle Rechte vorbehalten Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar. Dies gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und elektronische Speicherformen sowie die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronical, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the publisher. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. To Dorota and Marek—my parents Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................... 9 Preface ......................................................................................... 11 Chapter 1: Setting the conceptual scene: migrations, nation- states, and anthropology of class and ethnicity ........ 17 Chapter 2: The power of leaving—nation and class in Polish migration culture .......................................................... 47 Chapter 3: From ‘illegals’ to EU citizens. The collapse of the communist system and rise of migration as adaptation ...................................................................... 95 Chapter 4: Migration strategies and the making of transnational social fields ........................................... 127 Chapter 5: Class, work, and the meaning of transnational social mobility .............................................................. 161 Chapter 6: Class, ethnicity, and the making of white Poles ..... 215 Chapter 7: Making Polonia. Power, elites, and the hierarchy of belonging ............................................... 269 Chapter 8: Conclusions: power of the individual ...................... 317 Literature ....................................................................................... 325 7 Acknowledgements This book would not have been possible without the financial support of various funding bodies and institutions. Specifically, I would like to thank the Economic and Social Research Council for funding one of the studies this book is based on (RES-000-22- 1294). I wish to thank the Grabowski Memorial Fund, Polish Aid Foundation Trust, and Mr Erazm Pruszyński for their assistance in completing the task of writing this book. I am also very grateful for the support generously provided by the Southlands Method- ists Trust at University of Roehampton. I want to thank my col- leagues at the Department of Social Sciences at University of Roe- hampton who supported me throughout these years, in particular Dr Stephen Driver, Dr Michele Lamb, and Prof. Steven Groarke. Prof. John Eade from the same department has been far more than a colleague throughout these years, and his friendship was crucial for my own development. Thank you, John. The assistance, advice, and patience from the ibidem-Verlag editors, Max Jakob Horstmann and Valerie Lange also deserve my grati- tude. I wish to also thank my wife, Katarzyna Depta-Garapich, who endured with great resolve and understanding the sometimes annoying fact of having an anthropologist as a husband. Last but not the least, I want to thank the hundreds of migrants I spoke to for their time and patience. Dr Michał P. Garapich 9
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