London: Учеб. пособие для обучающихся в бакалавриате по направлению подготовки «Педагогическое образование».

86 Pages·2013·2.895 MB·Russian

by  Колыхалова О.А., Махмурян К.С.

Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации
федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное
учреждение высшего профессионального образования
«Московский педагогический государственный университет»
О. А. Колыхалова, К. С. Махмурян
LONDON

Учебное пособие для обучающихся
в бакалавриате по направлению подготовки
«Педагогическое образование»
Рекомендовано УМО по образованию в области подготовки
педагогических кадров в качестве учебного пособия
для студентов высших учебных заведений, обучающихся
по направлению 050100.62 «Педагогическое образование»
МПГУ
Москва
2013
УДК 42
ББК 81.432.1-923.3:26.890(4Вел)
К619
Рецензенты:
А. Р. Белоусова, кандидат
филологических наук, профессор
Е. Л. Фрейдина, доктор
филологических наук, профессор
К619 Колыхалова О. А., Махмурян К. С. London: Учеб. пособие для
обучающихся в бакалавриате по направлению подготовки «Педа-
гогическое образование». – М.: МПГУ, 2013. – 86 с.
Учебное пособие London для обучающихся в бакалавриате
по направлению подготовки «Педагогическое образование» ставит
своей целью развитие у студентов навыков устной речи и предполагает
усвоение большого объема лексики по теме London.
ISBN 978-5-7042-2405-1
© МПГУ, 2013
© Издательство «Прометей», 2013
Оглавление
Text 1. England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Text 2. Central London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Text 3. Covent Garden and Theatreland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Text 4. Books and Movies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Text 5. Gentlemen’s Clubs and Royal London . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Text 6. Westminster’s Grandeur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Text 7. The Houses of Parliament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Text 8. Westminster Cathedral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Text 9. Shopping and Waxworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Text 10. Piccadilly Circus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Text 11. Bloomsbury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Text 12. Legal London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Text 13. North London Attractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Text 14. The City and Southwark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Text 15. Britain’s Financial Heartland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Text 16. The Tower of London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Text 17. Murder in the Bloody Tower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Text 18. Bankside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Text 19. The South Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Text 20. The East End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Text 21. West London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Text 22. Belgravia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Text 23. The Victoria and Albert Museum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Text 24. The Natural History Museum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Text 25. The Science Museum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Text 26. The Albert Hall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Text 27. Palaces and gardens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Text 28. Notting Hill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Text 29. Day Trips Along the Thames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Text 30. Tropical House in Kew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Text 31. King Henry’s Tudor Palace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Text 32. The Residence of Sovereigns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
LONDON
Text 1. England
For all the fuss it has made in history, for all the language it
has distributed about the world, England is a rather small place.
The largest of the four constituent elements that make up the
United Kingdom, it covers 50,331 sq miles (130,357 sq km), about
the same size as New York State or one of New Zealand’s islands.
But its population of over 50 million is over two and a half times
New York State’s, and over 15 times both New Zealand’s islands.
By far the greater portion of the population lives in the south.
The large northern towns, Liverpool, Manchester and Newcastle,
which grew vast on the Industrial Revolution, have struggled
to catch up with the post-industrial age, while Birmingham,
Britain’s second city, has benefi ted from its more central location.
The country is divided into counties, the old English shires, where
sheriffs transacted local business. They have provided titles for
the nation’s nobility and though their names and boundaries have
been tinkered with twice in post-war years, they are redolent of
the country’s past and continue to inspire local pride.
At the start of the third millennium, England, due to post-
war migrations, is a less homogenised nation than ever before
– all nations of the world can be found in London. Local accents
and dialects that not long ago were thick on the ground are now
waning, but new cultures, traditions and accents have been
added by incoming populations.
England’s ever-changing landscape provides incomparable
scenery in the Peak District, in the Pennines, on the South Downs,
among the Yorkshire and West Country moors and around the
Lake District. The variety of architecture characterises every
part of the country, from West Country thatch to Cotswold stone,
weatherboarded Kent to half-timbered East Anglia, black-slated
Cumbria, and the sandstones, red and yellow, of Cumbria and
York. It doesn’t take much effort in England, and not many miles,
to feel that you have travelled a long way.
Exercises
Exercise 1. Read the text and fi nd international words in the text.
Exercise 2. Give derivatives of the following words:
history, distribute, architecture, provide, compare, locate,
centre.
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LONDON
Exercise 3. Paraphrase the following word combinations:
make for, make up, divide into, benefi t from, catch up, take
effort, take time, inspire pride.
Exercise 4. Answer the following questions:
1. Why does the author consider England “a small place”?
2. Where does the greater part of the British population live?
3. Where are the main British cities situated and why?
4. How is the main administrative unit called in Britain?
5. Are the British a homogenised nation?
6. Why does the author think that England has incomparable
scenery?
7. How does Russia differ from England?
Exercise 5. Speak about Russia. Use the vocabulary of the text.
Exercise 6. Project. Find information on any country and share it with
your group-mates.
Text 2. Central London
Few cities offer such a variety of sites
and experiences; there is something
to suit every visitor.
The centre of London is a small place. The best part of it is
taken up by the West End, which includes Oxford Street, Soho
and Covent Garden, as well as the elite areas of Mayfair and St
James’s. On its south side are the royal and political powerhouses
of Whitehall and Westminster, to the east Bloomsbury and the
British Museum. Few cities can make a visitor so contentedly
footsore from wandering the streets and discovering its secrets.
As Samuel Johnson, compiler of the fi rst English dictionary, said,
“When a man is tired of London he is tired of life, for there is in
London all that life can afford”.
A good starting point is Trafalgar Square, the strategic
heart of London and an impressive public open space. The
square, laid out in the 1830s and 1840s by Sir Charles Barry, was
dedicated to the memory of Admiral Lord Nelson and his decisive
victory over Napoleon’s fl eet off Cape Trafalgar in 1805. It is a
paragon of the classical style, enclosed by graceful white facades
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LONDON
and dominated by the 169ft (51.5-metre) Nelson’s Column and
four bronze lions. Every Christmas a 70ft (20-metre) Norwegian
spruce is erected in the square, a gift from the city of Oslo in
recognition of the protection given by Britain to members of the
Norwegian royal family in World War II.
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LONDON
Trafalgar Square acts as a transportation hub, traversed
by several bus and tube lines. While it is no longer the scene of
London’s riotous annual New Year’s Eve celebrations, it is still
the site of political demonstrations, as it has been for more than
100 years. Demonstrations here against Margaret Thatcher’s
poll tax (an unpopular local government tax) helped precipitate
her downfall in 1990.
Along the north fl ank of Trafalgar Square is the National
Gallery (www.nationalgallery.org.uk). Founded in 1824, the
gallery has since grown into one of the most outstanding and
comprehensive collections in the world, with a list of masters
ranging from Leonardo da Vinci and Rembrandt to El Greco
and Van Gogh. In 1991 the Sainsbury Wing, designed by Robert
Venturi, was opened to house the rich Renaissance collection.
Single pictures, or series of pictures, are often highlighted to give
great detail of painters’ working methods and their times. There
are frequent lectures and events, and live music in the Central
Hall every Friday evening.
Around the corner, established in 1856, is the superb National
Portrait Gallery (www.npg.org.uk). Presenting an illustrated
British history, it now contains the faces of more than 10,000 famous
Britons by the nation’s illustrious artists and photographers, and
it often stages important photographic exhibitions.
To the right of the National Gallery is St Martin-in-the-
Fields church, the oldest surviving structure on Trafalgar
Square, built along simple but elegant lines by James Gibbs in
1722–1726. There has been a church on this site since 1222. The
church became well known during World War II when its crypt
was a refuge from the Blitz. St Martin’s is still the parish church
for Buckingham Palace, with royal boxes at the east end.
Exercises
Exercise 1. Give synonyms to the following words:
include, wander, devote, found, contain, well-known, present,
area, model, visitor.
Exercise 2. Give derivatives of the following words:
policy, discover, impress, decide, govern, collect, illustrate,
photo, refuge.
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LONDON
Exercise 3. Match parts A and B.
A B
1. take to a. occupy
2. take back b. retract
3. take over c. start to like smth
4. take up d. control
Exercise 4. Answer the following questions:
1. What titles could be chosen for this text?
2. What constitutes the best part of the centre of London?
3. Why does the author call Whitehall and Westminster po-
litical powerhouses?
4. Why did Samuel Johnson say that “When a man is tired of
London he is tired of life”?
5. Why is Trafalgar Square considered to be a good starting
point for walking around London?
6. When was Trafalgar Square laid out and who was it dedi-
cated to?
7. What tourists’ attractions are situated in Trafalgar
Square?
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LONDON
Exercise 5. Speak on: a) Nelson’s column, b) the National Gallery, c)
the National Portrait Gallery.
Exercise 6. Project. Find information on Nelson’s biography and share
it with your group-mates.
Exercise 7. Write a letter to your friend describing your fi rst impression
of Trafalgar Square.
Exercise 8. Act out the following dialogues.
1
– Is it possible to see anything of London in one or two days?
– Well, yes, but, I’m afraid, not half enough.
– What do you think I have to see fi rst?
– Trafalgar Square is considered to be a good starting
point for sightseeing. It’s one of the most beautiful squares of
London.
– When was it laid out?
– It was laid out in the 1830s and 1840s by Sir Charles Barry.
2
– Excuse me, can you tell me the way to Trafalgar Square?
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LONDON
– Certainly, go down Regent Street into Piccadilly Circus,
then go down to the Haymarket.
– Thank you very much. Is it very far?
– Oh, no. It will take you ten minutes or a quarter of an
hour.
– I’m very much obliged to you.
Exercise 9. Role-play. Imagine that you are on an excursion in Central
London. Act as a guide.
Text 3. Covent Garden and Theatreland
Northeast of Trafalgar Square begins the maze of narrow
streets and tiny alleys called Covent Garden. The name derives
from the convent garden that occupied the area until Henry
VIII’s Dissolution. The present piazza was designed by Charles
II’s architect, Inigo Jones, and it was a meeting place for society
until the royal palace moved from Whitehall, and a market for
fl owers, fruit and herbs was licensed, in 1670. At the centre of
the cobblestoned piazza are the superb steel-and-glass market
pavilions constructed in the 1830s to house market stalls.
The market was moved to new quarters south of the river in
1974, and in the early 1980s Covent Garden was refurbished into
an area of restaurants, shops and cafes. It is now a showplace for
buskers (street entertainers) and a summer mecca both for offi ce
workers at lunchtime and for tourists round the clock. There
is an antiques market on Mondays, and the Jubilee Market at
weekends offers arts and crafts, food stalls and puppet shows.
Nearby, cobblestoned Neal Street has some speciality shops
such as the Astrology Shop and the Tea House selling more than
70 different types of teas and tisanes.
Neal’s Yard, at Earlham Street, with an apothecary, bak-
ery and natural-foods shops, is gathered around a tiny court-
yard full of potted trees. Those with a taste for English tradi-
tion might imbibe at the many ancient pubs in the area such
as the Lamb and Flag (on Rose Street, off Floral Street), a
17th-century pub once frequented by prizefi ghters and known
as the “Bucket of Blood”.
In the eastern corner of Covent Garden, helping to complete
the colonnade, is the majestic Royal Opera House (www.roh.org.
uk), home of both the Royal Opera and Royal Ballet companies.
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