Lombardy, Italy 2011 [electronic resource]

2011·7.6 MB·English

by  Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

Q»
OECD
Higher Education
in Regional
and City Development:
Lombardy,
Italy
2011
OECD
ThisworkispublishedontheresponsibilityoftheSecretary-GeneraloftheOECD.
Theopinionsexpressedandargumentsemployedhereindonotnecessarilyreflect
theofficialviewsoftheOrganisationorofthegovernmentsofitsmembercountries.
Thisdocumentandanymapincludedhereinarewithoutprejudicetothestatusof
orsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersand
boundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea.
ISBN978-92-64-08946-4(PDF)
Series:HigherEducationinRegionalandCityDevelopment
ISSN2218-3140(online)
CDPheoosvtieogr:n:c©r©edFioFttrsoa:nPcriosmcooBeElslqaugeiro.Mares.
CorrigendatoOECDpublicationsmaybefoundonlineat:www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda.
©OECD2011
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droitdecopie(CFC)[email protected].
FOREWORD-3
Foreword
Universitiesandothertertiaryeducationinstitutionscanplayakeyrole
inhumancapitaldevelopmentandinnovationsystemsintheircitiesand
regions.ReviewsofHigherEducationinRegionalandCityDevelopment
aretheOECD’stooltomobilisehighereducationforeconomic,socialand
culturaldevelopmentofcitiesandregions.Theyanalysehowthehigher
educationsystemimpactslocalandregionaldevelopmentandhelpimprove
thisimpact.Theyexaminehighereducationinstitution'scontributionto
humancapitalandskillsdevelopment;technologytransferandbusiness
innovation;social,culturalandenvironmentaldevelopment;andregional
capacitybuilding.Thereviewprocessfacilitatespartnershipbuildingin
regionsbydrawingtogetherhighereducationinstitutionsandpublicand
privateagenciestoidentifystrategicgoalsandworktogethertowardsthem.
More information is available about the OECD review process and
requirements on the Higher Education and Regions’ website:
www.oecd.org/edu/imhe/regionaldevelopment.
Thesereviewsarepartofawidermulti-annumworkofhighereducation
incitiesandregionsco-ordinatedbytheOECDProgrammeonInstitutional
ManagementofHigherEducation(IMHE).In2004-07,theOECD/IMHE
cThoinsducretseudltaendeixntentsheiveOEstCudDywfiltahgsh1i4prepguibolniaclatrieovnieHwisghaecrrosEsdu1c2actoiuonntriaensd.
Regions: Globally Competitive, Locally Engaged (OECD, 2007) with
recommendationtobenefitbothhighereducationinstitutionsandnational
andregionalgovernments.In2008,theOECD/IMHElaunchedasecond
series of OECD reviews ofHigher Education in Regional and City
Developmenttoaddressthedemandbynationalandregionalgovernments
formoreresponsiveandactivehighereducationinstitutionsandtosupport
theOECDstrategiesoninnovationandgreengrowth.Asaresult,14regions
iOnEC11Dcoruenvtireiwes,proicneclsusdiinng2t0h0e8-L11o.mbTahredyrerveigeiwosnwienreItaclayr,riuenddeoruwtenbtytthhee
OECD/IMHE in collaboration with international organisations and
associations,andotherOECDprogrammesanddirectorates.
LombardywasthefirstItalianregiontoparticipateintheseriesof
reviewsofhighereducationinregionalandcitydevelopment.Thereview
HIGHEREDUCATIONINREGIONALANDCITYDEVELOPMENT,LOMBARDY,ITALY©OECD2011
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4-FOREWORD
wasundertakenduringthetimewhentheuniversitysectorwasinfluxdue
tothelaunchofthenewuniversitylaw.TheRegionalGovernmentof
LombardyhadalsorequestedgreatercompetenciesfromtheStateinterms
ofuniversities,researchandinnovation.
HIGHEREDUCATIONINREGIONALANDCITYDEVELOPMENT,LOMBARDY,ITALY©OECD201
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS-5
Acknowledgements
Numerousnationalandregionalstakeholders,andrepresentativesof
highereducationinstitutionsprovidedvaluableinsightsduringthereview
visitandintheformofcomments.TheOECDwouldliketothankthe
Regional Government of Lombardy, the Rectors of the Lombardy
universities,otherrepresentativesofhighereducationinstitutions,aswellas
numerousregionalstakeholderswhoprovidedvaluableinsightsduringthe
pre-visitandthereviewvisit.
TheOECDwouldliketothank:AlbertoBrugnoli(DirectorGeneral,
oIrRdeinRat-or;LoCmarblaordSyeccRheigi(oPnraolfesIsnosrtitoufteEufroorpeRaenseEacrcohn)o1m,itchePolRiecgyi,onBaolccoCnoi-
University)andPaoloTrivellato(ProfessorofSociology,Universityof
Milan-Bicocca),PresidentandVice-President, andall members ofthe
Regional Steering Committee, Giuseppe Catalano (Professor ofPublic
Economics,PolitecnicodiMilano),CristianaCattaneo(AssociateProfessor
ofBusinessAdministration,UniversityofBergamo),ManuelaDeCarlo
(Associate Professor of Business Administration, IULM), Gioacchino
Garofoli (ProfessorofEconomicPolicy,UniversityofInsubria),Enrico
Marelli (ProfessorofEconomicPolicy, UniversityofBrescia),Alberto
Martinelli (ProfessorofPolitical Science andSociology,Universityof
Milan), Vito Moramarco (Professor of Economic Policy, Universita
Cattolica del Sacro Cuore), Antonio Emilio Scala, (Professor of
Biochemistry,Vita-SaluteSanRaffaeleUniversity)AndreaTaroni(Rector
ofCarloCattaneoUniversity-LIUC),AntonellaZucchella(Professorof
MarketingandofInnovationManagement,UniversityofPavia),Ignazio
Gadaleta,(ProfessorofPainting,BreraAcademyofFineArts),NadiaNigris
(Vice-Director General, Teatro alia Scala Academy), Pietro Paraboni
1InJanuary2011IReRmergedwithIReF(IstitutoRegionaleLombardodiFormazioneper
l’amministrazionepubblica)toformaneworganisation: EupolisLombardia-Istituto
superioreperlaricerca,lastatisticaelaformazione(EupolisLombardia-Institutefor
Research,StatisticsandTraining).
HIGHEREDUCATIONINREGIONALANDCITYDEVELOPMENT,LOMBARDY,ITALY®OECD201
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6-ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
(President, Compagniadelle OpereMonzaeBrianza),FabioRamaioli
(RegionalSecretary,APIlombarda),RobertoAlbonetti(DirectorGeneral,
SocialWelfareandFamilyAffairsDepartment),MarcoCarabelli(Deputy
Secretary General, Program Implementation), Ferruccio Ceccarelli
(Executive, Planning Department), Armando De Crinito (Director of
University and Research Unit) and Ada Fiore (Executive, Education
TrainingandLabourDepartment).
Ourappreciationgoesalsototheco-ordinatorsoftheWorkingGroup,
Sabrina Bandera and Alessandro Sala, both researchers at the IReR
(LombardyRegionalInstituteforResearch).
Thispublicationdrawsoninterviewscarriedoutduringaweek-long
reviewvisitthattookplaceon27June-2July2010,onthefindingsof
Self-evaluationReportofLombardy(IReR,2010),additionalinformation
providedtothereviewteamaswellasotherOECDwork,especiallythe
reviewsofthe14regionsinvolvedinthesecondseriesofOECDreviewsof
highereducationinregionalandcitydevelopment.TheOECDreviewteam
hadafullandintensiveprogrammeandwerereceivedopenlybyawide
rangeofstakeholdersforreviewvisitagenda,seeAnnexII.Theteamwere
alsoabletorelyonarangeofotherreports,includingOECDReviewsof
RegionalInnovation:Piedmont, Italy(OECD,2009),OECDTerritorial
Reviews: Venice, Italy(OECD, 2010), OECDEconomicSurveys: Italy
(OECD,2011)andtestedtheirconclusionsandrecommendationswithinthe
highereducationsectorinLombardy.
Thispublicationwasco-ordinatedbyJaanaPuukka(OECD/IMHE),
assisted by Austin Delaney (OECD/IMHE) and Oscar Valiente
(OECD/IMHE).JaanaPuukkaledtheexpertteamwhoparticipatedinthe
reviewvisitandcontributedtothisreport:SusanChristopherson(Cornell
University, United States), PatrickDubarle (former OECD Secretariat,
France),HelenaNazare(Portugal)andGiuseppeRonsisvalle(Universityof
Catania,Italy).Inaddition,AndreaHofer(OECD/LEED)participatedinthe
reviewvisit.FurtherdetailsaboutthereviewteamcanbefoundinAnnex1
ofthisreport.RachelLindensupervisedthepublicationprocessandFreya
Damrellprovidedvaluableassistanceinthefinaleditingphase.
HIGHEREDUCATIONINREGIONALANDCITYDEVELOPMENT,LOMBARDY,ITALY©OECD201
TABLEOFCONTENTS-7
Tableofcontents
Acronyms 12
Assessmentandrecommendations 17
Chapter1.Lombardyincontext 47
Lombardy:governanceanddemography 48
Regionaleconomy 54
HighereducationinItaly 57
HighereducationinLombardy 67
Conclusions 73
Annexl.A.l.NewUniversityLaw 80
Annexl.A.2.HighereducationinLombardy 82
Annexl.A.3.ResearchinLombardy 84
Annexl.A.4.Europeanregionalinnovation 85
Chapter2.Humancapital,labourmarketandskills 87
Lombardy:anSME-basedeconomy 90
Lombardyhighereducation:performance 95
Relevanceofeducation 98
Aligningskillsandcompetenciesdevelopmentwithregionalneeds 105
Conclusionsandrecommendations 124
Annex2.A.2.Wideningaccesstoandimprovingsuccessinhighereducation:
VictoriaUniversity 137
Annex2.A.4.Creativeandculturalindustries 142
Chapter3.Research,developmentandinnovation 145
Introduction 146
Innovationandhighereducationpotentialintheregion 148
Challenges 158
Conclusionsandrecommendations 185
Chapter4.Social,culturalandenvironmentaldevelopment 195
Introduction 196
HIGHEREDUCATIONINREGIONALANDCITYDEVELOPMENT,LOMBARDY,ITALY©OECD2011
8-TABLEOFCONTENTS
Demographictransition 197
Universitiesandtheregionalhealthsystem 200
Lombardyhighereducationinstitutionsandthecreativeeconomy 203
Universitiesandenvironmentalsustainability 206
Conclusionsandrecommendations 214
Chapter5.Capacitybuildingforregionaldevelopment 221
Introduction 222
Highereducationsystem:needforsystemdiversity 222
HEgovernance,fundingandqualityassurance 224
Strategiesandcapacitybuildingattheregionallevel 233
Conclusionsandrecommendations 239
AnnexAOECDreviewteammembers 245
AnnexBReviewvisitagenda 248
Tables
Table1.1.ThegovernancestructureofItaly:TheregionofLombardy 50
Table1.2.Population-sub-regionaldisparities,2009 53
Table1.3.Foreignresidents:countriesoforigin(%),2009 53
Table1.4.ForeignersinLombardy(%)amongpopulationaged18-25years
old,2003,2009,2020,2030 54
Table1.5.Valueaddedbyeconomicsector 56
Table1.6.Enterprisesintermsofthenumberofemployees(%),1999-200757
TTaabbllee11..78..SMoIuUrcResraonfkfiunngdsinfogr,r1e9-a9l0loacnadti2o0n0o7f7%ofFFO,2009 6688
Table1.9.InstitutionsinvolvedinthePoliformativi 69
Table1.10.IndustrysectorsofPoliformativi 70
Table1.11.Technologytransferoutputindicatorsper1000professors,2007
72
TableLA.2.1Lombardy’suniversities,2009 82
Table1.A.2.2.Academiesandconservatoriesofart,musicanddance 83
Table1.A.4.1.EuropeanregionalinnovationscoreboardandLombardy 85
TTaabbllee22..12..30E+urpooppeu’lsatiToonppa2r5ticriepagtiionngsinfolrifeclroenagtievdeucaantdioncultural industr1i0e1s:
employment 117
TTaabbllee22..AA..43..11..TTyoppes15orfeegnitornesprinentehuerscrheiaptitveeacahnidngcualptpurraolacihnedusstries 114420
Table3.1.Lombardyuniversibesandresearchcentres 149
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TABLEOFCONTENTS-9
Table3.2.HigherEducationandbusinessR&DinLombardyandselected
otherItalianregions 150
Table3.3.LombardyuniversitiesinScimagoclassification 153
Table3.4.EnglishlanguageprovisioninItalianandLombardyuniversities165
Table3.5.ScienceparksinLombardy 173
Table3.6.Numberofventurecapitaldeals 185
Table4.1.Selectedgalleries,auctionhousesandpublishersinMilan 203
Table5.1.Typologyoftertiaryeducationqualityframeworks 232
Table5.2.TheLombardy’scompetitivenessframeworkandHE'srole 238
Figures
Figure1.1.MapofItalyandLombardy 49
Figure1.2.Demographicgrowth 51
Figure1.3.Trendofimmigrantpopulation 52
Figure1.4.ContributiontoGDPgrowthbymaineconomicbranches,2000-07
55
Figure1.5.Populationthathasattainedatleasttertiaryeducation,2008 59
Figure1.6.CompletionratesintypeAtertiaryeducationprogrammes 60
Figure 1.7.Unemploymentratesofhighereducationgraduatesintheage
groupfrom25to29yearsforselectedOECDcountries,2006 61
FFiigguurree11..98..HHEERRDDafsinaanpceerdcebnytaigneduosftrGyD(P%)inselectedcountries,2008 6622
Figure1.10.PublicexpenditureontertiaryeducationasapercentageofGDP,
2007 64
Figure 1.11. Annual expenditure by educational institutions in tertiary
education(includingR&Dactivities)perstudentforallservices,2007) 65
Figure1.12.Patentsregistered,2007 71
Figure1.13.R&DintensityinItalyacrossfoursectors 71
FigureA.1.3.Researchstructuresbysector,2010 84
Figure2.A.I.AveragePISAscoreintheItalianregions,2009 133
Figure2.A.2.AveragePISAscoreintheOECDCountriesandLombardy,
2009 135
Boxes
Box1.1.StatefundingofuniversitiesinItaly 66
Box2.1.SMEsuccessionplanninginFinland 94
Box2.2.Howtoreducedropout 98
Box2.3.VULCANOservice 100
HIGHEREDUCATIONINREGIONALANDCITYDEVELOPMENT,LOMBARDY,ITALY©OECD201