LOMATIUM BRUNSFELDIANUM: A NEW SPECIES OF LOMATIUM (UMBELLIFERAE) FROM NORTHERN IDAHO

2012·1.1 MB·

by  Richard P Mcneill

LOMATIUM
BRUNSFELDIANUM:
NEW
A OF LOMATIUM FROM NORTHERN IDAHO
SPECIES (UMBELLIFERAE)
Richard McNeill
P.
Luna Community
College
Box 2843
P.O.
New
Las Vegas, Mexico 87701,
U.S.A.
ABSTRACT
h Fork Canon C Coeur
del del rio Clearwater, a lo largo del rio d’Aler
& -
Lomatium
brunsfeldianum Kemper R.P. McNeill, sp. nov. (Figs. 1 5 Type: UNITED STATES. Imho. Idaho Co.:
).
Plants 37-86 cm maturity; root cylindric, fleshy, branched, simple to branched
caulescent perennial, at
tall
cm
caudex. Stems shallowly corrugated, glabrous to densely papillate, 10-30 long.
1-several, deliquescent,
Leaves sheathing stem; blades trullate, glabrous to densely papillate,
1-several per stem, alternate; petiole
cm
cm
ternate-pinnately 2-6 13-33 long, 17-48 wide; ultimate segments 30-71 per
times divided,
dissected,
mm mm
cm2
1 filiform or with mucronulate apices, 0.73-4.12 long, 0.14-0.62 wide. Scapes 1-2, 4.4-
linear,
,
cm
40-1 compound umbel, sparsely to densely papillate; involucre absent; rays 5-16,
long. Inflorescence
Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas
6(1)

Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas
6(1)
mm
cm ±
papillate, divaricate, 1.2-12.8 long; pedicels 4-19, caespitose, 2.9-10.1 long; involucel bractlets
mm mm
present, free, linear or filiform, up to 4 long, up to 0.2 wide. Flowers sepals connate, inconspicU*
5,
j
car-
ous; petals yellow obcordate; anthers yellow, exserted; filaments flattened, yellow; superior ovary,
2,
5,
mm mm
pel styles 2. Mericarps narrowly elliptic, deplanate, 10.75-15.63 long, 3.06-4.61 wide, lateral
2,
mm
may
commissural stylopodi*
wings 0.29-0.99 wide; vittae interval 1-2, 2-6, be obscure, or incomplete;
mm
yellow, smooth to paleaceous; carpophore yellow, 9-14 long. Flowering March through June. Occurring
j
on wet rocky outcrops and talus slopes.
!
HWY
mi E Along on
Additional IDAHO. Blackrock Canyon, Lochsa River, ca. 0.4 of Split Cr. 12,
specimens examined: U.S.A. Co.:
SSW
rock out crop, ca. 1800 (046o121'16.33"N, 115°24'10.85" W); 30 May 2003, Tyson Kemper 93 (ID); North Fk. Clearwater River, facing
ft
cliffcomplex adjacent to road, some seepy spots (046°50.422’N, 115°33.317'W; 046°39.080'N, 115°31.88rW); 16Jun 2004, TysonKemper266
W
R8ESWAof
OD); Clearwater Range Just S of mouth of Tumble Creek of Lochsa River, E aspect (T34N the SE V4 Sec. 25), 24 May 1993,
W
NW
0
LK
Karen Gray 27 Kootenai Co growing on mossy rock out-crops side of Rose (N 047°33.586', 116 27.64T); 23 June 2004,
(ID)
• W
Tyson Kemper 287 rock complex on Rd. 108 ca. 7 mi E of Couer d’Alene SSE aspect (N 047°42.957\ 116“40.082* 23 Jun 2004,
(ID)- cliff
W
mossy immediately above West Shore Rose Lake Road,
Tyson Kemper 288 (ID); margin of Rose Lake Bog, growing on a dry cliff 17 Jul
2002, Curtis R. Bjork 6481 Shoshone Co.: Couer d’Alene River,
(ID).
W
loos« rocky (N 24Ju
soil 047°37.225*. 116°12.833');

Consequently, is home to many rare and endemic species, and many disjunct populations of species that are
it
normally distributed either west of the Cascade Mountains or east of the Rocky Mountains (Brunsfeld et al.
2001). In 2003, an anomalous population of Lomatium was discovered in the Lochsa River Canyon by Tyson
Kemper. Additional populations were found on the North Fork of the Clearwater, Joe and Couer
later St.
d’Alene rivers. was not possible to key specimens from these populations reliably in the Flora of the Pacific
It
Northwest or the Intermountain Flora (Cronquist et al. 1994; Hitchcock et al. 1961). Morphologically speci-
mens from these populations were found to be somewhat similar to both Lomatium bicolor (S. Watson) J.M.
&
& &
Coult. Rose var. bicolor and L. grayi (J.M. Coult. Rose) J.M. Coult. Rose var. grayi (Fertig 2000). It was
concluded, however, that differences in morphology, ecology, and/or geography were significant enough that
new The
these populations should be recognized as a species, L. brunsfeldianum. characters distinguishing L.
brunsfeldianum from L. bicolor var. bicolor and L. grayi var. grayi are discussed below.
The morphological characters of Lomatium brunsfeldianum easily distinguish from other Lomatium spe-
it
cies, with the exceptions of L. bicolor var. bicolor, and L. grayi var. grayi. Lomatium bicolor var. bicolor is similar
in leaf structure, and mericarp size and shape. also has overlap in all of the size measurements with L.
It
much main two
brunsfeldianum, but with a smaller statistical mean. There are four characters that allow the
species to be separated. The most obvious the large separation in geographical range. There is approximately
is
km
400 known two The very
separation between the occurrences of the taxa. root structure is also different; L.
un-branched and somewhat woody,
bicolor var. bicolor has moniliform, globose, or tuberous roots that are
&
may Woolf
while L. brunsfeldianum has cylindric, fleshy roots that have multiple branchings (Harris Harris
2003). Lomatium brunsfeldianum occurs on rocky outcrops and talus slopes, which is very different from the
wet meadows and high clay content soils of L. bicolor var. bicolor habitat. Lomatium brunsfeldianum has a very
mm),
distinctive umbel structure with numerous (5-16), long (12-127 divaricate rays, while L. bicolor var. bi-
When
color has fewer shorter (7-81 mm), caespitose rays. Schlessman (1984) described L. bicolor var.
(2-9),
There were few specimen of
bicolor, he included some samples of brunsfeldianum as L. bicolor var. bicolor. L.
L.
made from Lomatium
brunsfeldianum collected at that time, which it difficult to separate L. bicolor var. bicolor.
and
grayi var. grayi is distinguished from L. brunsfeldianum by the structure size of the mericarps, a stout tap-
root, lack of papillae in the umbel, and it is essentially acaulescent, with the leaves apparently basal, while L.
much
where
brunsfeldianum is caulescent. Lomatium grayi occurs on sites that are dryer than sites L. brunsfeld-
ianum Lomatium leptocarpum very
is found and generally at lower elevations in north Idaho. bicolor var. is dif-
ferent from L. brunsfeldianum, with the only similarity being the mericarps. It has been considered in this paper
because it is the only variety of L. bicolor that occurs in north Idaho.
Lomatium brunsfeldianum has only been found in four deep river canyons of northern Idaho: the Lochsa
River Canyon, the North Fork of the Clearwater River Canyon, the St. Joe River Canyon, and the Couer d’Alene
River Canyon Lomatium brunsfeldianum occurs only on moist rocky outcrops, talus slopes, and soil
(see Fig.
1).
at the base of cliffs in the river valleys and canyons in the mesic cedar/hemlock forest of northern Idaho be-
m
tween 480-1800 The occurs on in the Joe River canyon was classified as an Udorthent,
in elevation. soil St.
it
which are young well-mixed with no horizon development, a high portion of rock fragments, a low clay
soils
and
The where occurs have a south aspect
fraction, and an udic moisture regime Survey Staff 2003). sites it
(Soil
are possible ground Lomatium brunsfeldianum flowers from March to earlyJune and the
water discharge areas.
dependent on elevation and exposure. Lomatium
fruit matures in June through August with timing largely
late
Alnus rubra Bong., Amelanchier
brunsfeldianum with the following species: alnifolia
occurs in association
Watson,
(Nutt.) Nutt. ex. M. Roem., Centaurea stoebe L. ssp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek, Claytonia cordifolia S.
Maxim., ambiguum
Collinsia Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) L. (Nutt.) J.M.
parviflora Lindl., Fragaria vesca L.,
&
& &
Mathias Constance,
Coult. Mathias Constance var. multifidum (Nutt.)
Rose, L. dissectum (Nutt.)
w
Mimulus Penstemon Rydb., Philadelphus
Greenm., M. DC., Orobanchefasciculata Nutt., ilcoxii
clivicola guttatus
Franco
lewisii Pursh, Pinus ponderosa C. Lawson, Poa bulbosa L., Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) var. menziesii,
and
Sedum
stenopetalum Pursh.
Northern Rocky Mountains of Idaho and should be consid-
the
tidemic to
on
due geographic range. occurs the north
ered for liftin as a sensitive or threatened species to its limited It
g
side of river drainages, which is also where most of the major roads are located. This puts L. brunsfeldianum at
and
a number of ways: encroachment by invasive species introduced by the initial road building spread
risk in
and
by current road maintenance and traffic, habitat destruction caused by additional road building, eradica-
through herbicide application. Future efforts should focus on a more thorough mapping of this and other
tion
management
plant species in Idaho and integration of this data into plans.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Pam
would like to thank Brunsfeld, Ronald L. Hartman, Mark Schlessman, Curtis Bjork, and Matt Parks for
I
their help with this research. The following herbaria kindly assisted with loans: Stillinger Herbarium (ID)
University of Idaho, Moscow; Rocky Mountain Herbarium (RM) University of Wyoming, Laramie; University
(MONTU)
of Montana Missoula; Missouri Botanical Gardens (MO) Louis; Montana State University
St.
(MONT) Bozeman; Colorado State University (CS) Fort Collins. would also like to thank Mary Ann Feist and
I
Ronald L. Hartman for helpful reviews and Barney Lipscomb for his help and patience in getting this paper
America:
d 2001. Comparative phylogeography of northwestern North
P.S. Soltis.
Integrating ecological and evolutionary processes in a spatial
context. Oxford: Blackwell Science. Pp. 319-339.
A,
Cronquist, N.H. Holmgren, and P.K. Holmgren. 1994. Intermountain flora: vascular plants of the intermountain west,
U.SA, A New New
Vol. 3: part subclass Rosidae (except Fabales). York: York Botanical Garden Bronx.
Press,
—
W. 2000. Lomatium
Fertig, bicolor var. bicolor Wasatch Biscuitroot. State species abstract, Wyoming Natural Diversity
Database.
Harris, J.G. and M. Woolf
Harris. 2003. Plant identification terminology d glossary. Spring Lake Publishing,
Payson, Utah.
Hitchcock, C.L., A. Cronquist, M. Ownbey, and J.W. Thompson. 1961. Vascular plants of the Northwest,
Pacific
|
Saxifragaceae
to Ericaceae. University of Washington
Press, Seattle.
“
V
984
Systematics of tuberous Lomatiums
1 - (Umbelliferae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 4:1-55.
f. 2003. Keys to soil taxonomy. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation
»