Logica, or Summa Lamberti

495 Pages·2015·2.947 MB·English

by  Lambert of Auxerre, Thomas S. Maloney

Logica ,

or
Summa Lamberti
LAMBERT OF AUXERRE
Translated with Notes and Introduction by
THOMAS S. MALONEY
Logica, or Summa Lamberti

Logica ,

or
Summa Lamberti
LAMBERT OF AUXERRE
Translated with Notes and Introduction by
THOMAS S. MALONEY
University of Notre Dame Press
Notre Dame, Indiana
Copyright © 2015 by the University of Notre Dame
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
undpress.nd.edu
All Rights Reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Lambert, of Auxerre, active 1250.
[Logica (Summa Lamberti). English]
Logica, or Summa Lamberti / Lambert of Auxerre ; Translated with Notes and Introduction
by Thomas S. Maloney.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-268-03535-8 (paperback) — ISBN 0-268-03535-0 (paper) —
ISBN 978-0-268-08699-2 (e-book)
1. Logic—Early works to 1800. I. Maloney, Thomas S., editor, translator. II. Title.
III. Title: Summa Lamberti.
BC78.L3L3613 2015
160—dc23
2015000671
∞ The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability
of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of
the Council on Library Resources.
The use of rational speech is more distinctive of a human being than the use
of his limbs is.
—Aristotle, Rhetoric, trans. W. Rhys Roberts

Contents
Acknowledgments xi
List of Abbreviations xiii
Introduction xv
TRANSLATION OF LOGICA, OR SUMMA LAMBERTI
Chapter One. PROPOSITIONS 3
Preliminary Remarks 3
Sound 6
Words 8
Names 11
Verbs 12
Expressions 13
Propositions 14
Categorical Propositions 15
Hypothetical Propositions 18
Categorical Propositions, continued 20
Conversion 23
Equipollency 29
Modal Propositions 32
viii Contents
Chapter Two. PREDICABLES 59
Genus 61
Species 65
Differentiae 66
Proprium 72
Accident 74
Chapter Three. CATEGORIES 77
Preliminary Remarks 77
Substance 83
Quantity 88
Relation 93
Quality 98
Action 109
Passion 111
When 112
Where 113
Position 114
Possession 115
Chapter Four. REMARKS AFTER THE CATEGORIES 117
Comment on the Chapter Title 117
Four Kinds of Opposition 118
Priority 122
Concomitance 123
Change 123
Possession 124
Chapter Five. SYLLOGISM 125
Argument and Argumentation 125
Four Species of Argumentation 131
Syllogism in Detail 135
Material and Formal Principles of Syllogisms 135
Perfect and Imperfect Syllogisms 136
To-Be-Said-of-All and To-Be-Said-of-None 137
Quality and Quantity of Syllogisms 137
Figures of a Syllogism 139
Contents ix
Chapter Six. TOPICS 147
Definition of ‘Topic’ 147
Maxims and Differentiae of Maxims 148
Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Intermediate Topics 149
Intrinsic Topics from Substance 150
The Topic from Definition 150
The Topic from Description 152
The Topic from the Explanation of a Name 152
Intrinsic Topics from Concomitants of Substance 153
The Topic from a Whole 153
The Topic from a Part 155
Additional Topics from a Whole 157
The Topics from Cause and Effect 160
The Topics from Generation and What Is Generated 162
The Topics from Destruction and What Is Destroyed 162
The Topic from Uses 162
The Topic from Associated Accidents 163
Extrinsic Topics 163
The Topic from Authority 163
The Topics from a Greater and a Lesser 164
The Topic from a Similar 164
The Topic from Proportion 165
The Topic from Opposites 165
The Topic from Disparates 168
The Topic from Transumption 168
Intermediate Topics 168
The Topic from Conjugates 169
The Topic from Cases 169
The Topic from Division 170
Chapter Seven. SOPHISTICAL TOPICS 173
Dialectical and Sophistical Syllogisms 173
Dialectical and Sophistical Disputations 175
Goals of Disputation 176
Fallacies 179
Preliminary Remarks 179
The Fallacy of Equivocation 181
The Fallacy of Amphiboly 187
The Fallacies of Composition and Division 191