Logic Programming, Knowledge Representation, and Nonmonotonic Reasoning: Essays Dedicated to Michael Gelfond on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday PDF
Preview Logic Programming, Knowledge Representation, and Nonmonotonic Reasoning: Essays Dedicated to Michael Gelfond on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday
Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 6565 EditedbyR.Goebel,J.Siekmann,andW.Wahlster Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science Marcello Balduccini Tran Cao Son (Eds.) Logic Programming, Knowledge Representation, and Nonmonotonic Reasoning Essays Dedicated to Michael Gelfond on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday 1 3 SeriesEditors RandyGoebel,UniversityofAlberta,Edmonton,Canada JörgSiekmann,UniversityofSaarland,Saarbrücken,Germany WolfgangWahlster,DFKIandUniversityofSaarland,Saarbrücken,Germany VolumeEditors MarcelloBalduccini EastmanKodakCompany Rochester,NY14650,USA E-mail:[email protected] TranCaoSon NewMexicoStateUniversity DepartmentofComputerScience LasCruces,NM88003,USA E-mail:[email protected] TheillustrationappearingonthecoverofthisbookistheworkofDanielRozenberg (DADARA). ISSN0302-9743 e-ISSN1611-3349 ISBN978-3-642-20831-7 e-ISBN978-3-642-20832-4 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-20832-4 SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011926416 CRSubjectClassification(1998):I.2.3,I.2,F.4.1,D.1.6 LNCSSublibrary:SL7–ArtificialIntelligence ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965, initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsareliable toprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply, evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelaws andregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyScientificPublishingServices,Chennai,India Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Sketch of Michael Gelfond by Veena Mellarkod Preface Michael Gelfond has been an extraordinary mentor, teacher, and colleague for manypeople inthe knowledgerepresentationandreasoning(KR&R),logicpro- gramming (LP), and answer set programming (ASP) communities. Michael’s current and former students often like to tell stories about their experience with Michael as a supervisor. These stories invariably begin with meetings in which Michael would review the student’s work. The review would usually not go past the first few paragraphs of the work: Michael would simply find too many mistakes, inaccuracies, parts that need clarification! But these storiesalsoinvariablyendwiththestudentsexplaininghowMichael’smentoring turned them into better researchers and better persons, how he taught them to appreciate the importance of accuracy, of slow, deliberate and careful thinking, of academic and personal integrity. Michael is not only an amazing researcher, who has changed our areas of research in many ways. He is also an amazing person. Even among people who do not share his views, he is deeply respected for his integrity and straightfor- wardness. He has a keen interest in people, which makes him very caring and understanding – first of all toward his students. Thanks to Michael’s ability of “slow thinking,” which he says he learned from his advisor Nikolai Aleksan- drovichShanin–butwhichMichaelhasundoubtedlyrefinedonhisown–hecan think with astonishinglucidity about any topic, be it scientific or non-scientific. It is because of all these reasons, and so many more that we could never discussinthis briefpreface,thatwehavedecidedto honorMichaelonthe occa- sionofhis65th birthdaywithacollectionofpaperswrittenbyhisclosestfriends andcolleagues.SeveralofthesepaperswerepresentedduringtheSymposiumon Constructive Mathematics in Computer Science, held in Lexington, KY, during October 25–26,2010. We wouldlike to take this opportunity to thank allthe authors,who worked so hard to turn this collection into a reality, and to the colleagues who acted as peer-reviewers,whosenamesarelistedattheendofthepreface.WethankVeena Mellarkod for drawing the beautiful sketch of Michael that opens this volume. Special thanks also go to Victor Marek and Mirek Truszczynski for taking care of the local organization,and to Lara and Greg Gelfond for convincing Michael tospendafewextradaysinLexingtonaftertheendofNonMon@30,thusgiving us the opportunity to surprise him with the symposium. Dear Michael, this volume is a testimony to how you have touched the lives of many people around the whole world. We wish to be able to celebrate many such anniversaries in the years to come! October 2010 Marcello Balduccini Tran Cao Son Organization Reviewers The contributions that appear in this volume have been peer-reviewed by: Marcello Balduccini Eastman Kodak Company, USA Chitta Baral Arizona State University, USA Gerhard Brewka University of Leipzig, Germany Pedro Cabalar Corunna University, Spain Marina De Vos University of Bath, UK Agostino Dovier Universit`a degli Studi di Udine, Italy Esra Erdem Sabanci University, Turkey Michael Fink Technische Universita¨t Wien, Austria Alfredo Gabaldon New University of Lisbon, Portugal Martin Gebser Universita¨t Potsdam, Germany Roland Kaminski Universita¨t Potsdam, Germany Vladimir Lifschitz University of Texas at Austin, USA Fangzhen Lin HongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology, China Jorge Lobo IBM J. Watson Research Center, Hawthorne, NY USA Lu´ıs Moniz Pereira Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal Alexandre Miguel Pinto Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal Enrico Pontelli New Mexico State University Francesco Ricca Universit`a della Calabria, Italy Nelson Rushton Texas Tech University, USA Chiaki Sakama Wakayama University, Japan Tran Cao Son New Mexico State University Francesca Toni Imperial College London, UK Michael Gelfond and Colleagues Picture taken at “Symposium on Constructive Mathematics in Computer Science” held in honor of Michael Gelfond’s 65th birthday (Oct 25-26 2010) Michael Gelfond and Colleagues Picture taken at “Theories of Logic Programming,Non-Monotonic Reasoning, and their Application to Reasoning about Actions: a Symposium in Honor of Michael Gelfond’s 50th Birthday” (Nov 5 1995) Table of Contents Opening: Homage to Michael Gelfond on His 65th Birthday ........... 1 Jack Minker Foundations: ASP and Theories of LP, KR, and NMR Answer Set Programming’s Contributions to Classical Logic: An Analysis of ASP Methodology.................................. 12 Marc Denecker, Joost Vennekens, Hanne Vlaeminck, Johan Wittocx, and Maurice Bruynooghe Closure and Consistency Rationalities in Logic-Based Argumentation... 33 Phan Minh Dung and Phan Minh Thang Manifold Answer-Set Programs and Their Applications ............... 44 Wolfgang Faber and Stefan Woltran On the Minimality of Stable Models................................ 64 Paolo Ferraris and Vladimir Lifschitz Challenges in Answer Set Solving .................................. 74 Martin Gebser, Roland Kaminski, Benjamin Kaufmann, and Torsten Schaub Exploring Relations between Answer Set Programs................... 91 Katsumi Inoue and Chiaki Sakama Compact Translations of Non-disjunctive Answer Set Programs to PropositionalClauses............................................. 111 Tomi Janhunen and Ilkka Niemela¨ Effectively Reasoning about Infinite Sets in Answer Set Programming.................................................... 131 Victor Marek and Jeffrey B. Remmel Inspecting Side-Effects of Abduction in Logic Programs............... 148 Lu´ıs Moniz Pereira and Alexandre Miguel Pinto Argumentation and Answer Set Programming ....................... 164 Francesca Toni and Marek Sergot XII Table of Contents Interlude: Cantor’s Paradise Regained: Constructive Mathematics from Brouwer to Kolmogorovto Gelfond................................. 181 Vladik Kreinovich Interlude: Recollections on Michael Gelfond’s 65th Birthday........... 191 Alessandro Provetti ASP and Dynamic Domains Evolving Logic Programs with Temporal Operators .................. 193 Jos´e Ju´lio Alferes, Alfredo Gabaldon, and Joa˜o Leite On Representing Actions in Multi-agent Domains .................... 213 Chitta Baral and Gregory Gelfond Nonmonotonic Multi-Context Systems: A Flexible Approach for Integrating Heterogeneous Knowledge Sources ....................... 233 Gerhard Brewka, Thomas Eiter, and Michael Fink Perspectives on Logic-Based Approaches for Reasoning about Actions and Change ..................................................... 259 Agostino Dovier, Andrea Formisano, and Enrico Pontelli Refinement of History-Based Policies ............................... 280 Jorge Lobo, Jiefei Ma, Alessandra Russo, Emil Lupu, Seraphin Calo, and Morris Sloman Translating General Game Descriptions into an Action Language ...... 300 Michael Thielscher Revisiting Epistemic Specifications ................................. 315 Mirosl(cid:3)aw Truszczyn´ski Interlude: Answer Set; Programming? .............................. 334 Pedro Cabalar Interlude: Michael Gelfond: Essay in Honour of His 65th Birthday...... 344 Stefania Costantini ASP – Applications and Tools PLINI: A Probabilistic Logic Program Framework for Inconsistent News Information................................................ 347 Massimiliano Albanese, Matthias Broecheler, John Grant, Maria Vanina Martinez, and V.S. Subrahmanian
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