Localized Quality of Service Routing for the Internet

113 Pages·2003·4.591 MB·English

by  Srihari Nelakuditi, Zhi-Li Zhang (auth.)

LOCALIZED QUALITY OF
SERVICE ROUTING FOR
THE INTERNET
THE KLUWER INTERNATIONAL SERIES
IN ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE
LOCALIZED QUALITY OF
SERVICE ROUTING FOR
THEINTERNET
by
Srihari Nelakuditi
University ofS outh Caro/ina
US.A.
Zhi-Li Zhang
University ofM innesota
US.A.
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication
LOCALIZED QUALITY OF SERVICE ROUTING FOR THE INTERNET
by Srihari Nelakuditi, Zhi-Li Zhang
ISBN 978-1-4613-5049-1 ISBN 978-1-4615-0383-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-0383-5
Copyright c 2003 by Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2003
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover lst edition 2003
AII rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanica1, photo-copying,
microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the
publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being
entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the
work.
Printed on acid-free paper.
Dedicated to our parents
Contents
Dedication v
List of Figures xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. PROBLEM SETTING 7
1 Bandwidth Guarantees 7
2 Explicit Routing 8
3 Link State Updates 9
4 Performance Metrics 10
3. RELATED WORK 13
1 Global QoS Routing 13
2 Localized QoS Routing 16
2.1 Sticky Random Routing 17
2.2 Learning Automata based Routing 17
3 Hybrid QoS Routing 18
4. LOCALIZED PROPORTIONAL ROUTING:
THEORETICAL MODELS 21
1 Global Optimal Proportional Routing 21
2 Localized Proportional Routing 24
2.1 Virtual Capacity Model 25
2.2 Virtual Link based Minimization 27
2.3 Virtual Path based Minimization 30
2.4 Performance Comparison 32
viii LOCALIZED QUALITY OF SERVICE ROUTING FOR THE INTERNET
3 Alternative Paths and Localized Trunk Reservation 36
3.1 Localized Link-level Trunk Reservation 37
3.2 Localized Path-level Trunk Reservation 38
3.3 Effectiveness of Localized Trunk Reservation 40
5. LOCALIZED PROPORTIONAL ROUTING:
PRACTICAL SCHEMES 43
1 Heuristic Equalization Strategies 43
1.1 Equalization of Blocking Probabilities 43
1.2 Equalization of Blocking Rates 43
2 Proportional Sticky Routing 46
2.1 Proportional flow routing 47
2.2 Computation of flow proportions 48
2.3 Performance Evaluation and Analysis 50
2.4 Heterogeneous Traffic 57
2.5 Sensitivity of psr 63
2.6 Routing Stability 63
3 Approximation of ebp 64
3.1 Proportion Computation 65
3.2 Performance Evaluation 65
6. CANDIDATE PATH SELECTION 71
1 Hybrid Approach to QoS Routing 72
2 Widest Disjoint Paths 73
3 Performance Analysis 77
3.1 Simulation Environment 78
3.2 Performance of wdp 78
3.3 Comparison of wsp and wdp 82
7. HIERARCHICAL PROPORTIONAL ROUTING 87
1 Hierarchical Routing 87
2 Topology and State Aggregation 88
3 Hierarchical Source Routing 90
4 Hierarchical Next-hop Routing 91
5 Performance Evaluation 92
5.1 Simulation Environment 93
5.2 Convergence and Adaptivity 93
5.3 Blocking Performance 95
Contents ix
8. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 99
References 101
Index 107
List of Figures
4.1 The topologies used in our study 22
4.2 Notation 24
4.3 The optpropo procedure 24
4.4 Virtual network views of sources 2 and 4 28
4.5 The vim procedure at source node s 29
4.6 Virtual network views of sources 2 and 4 30
4.7 Virtual network views of sources 2 and 4 31
4.8 The vpmprocedure for a pair u 32
4.9 Performance comparison of the optimal and the local-
ized schemes 34
4.10 Performance under bigisp topology 35
4.11 The localized schemes with implicit trunk reservation 38
4.12 The effectiveness oflocalized trunk reservation (load = 0.60) 39
4.13 The effectiveness of localized trunk reservation 41
5.1 The vcebp procedure for a source-destination pair u 44
5.2 Performance of ebp and ebr 45
5.3 The psr procedure 47
5.4 The wrrps procedure 49
5.5 Topologies used in performance evaluation 51
5.6 Impact of update interval 52
5.7 Performance under varying uniform load 53
5.8 Performance under varying non-uniform load 54
5.9 Performance under various loads 55
5.10 Performance under non-uniform load conditions 56
5.11 Traffic with mixed holding times 59
xii LOCALIZED QUALITY OF SERVICE ROUTING FOR THE INTERNET
5.12 Variable bandwidth traffic 60
5.13 Performance of psr under different (,,/'1) settings: (a)
(3,5) vs (1,1); (b) (3,5) vs (5,10). 62
5.14 Performance of various localized routing schemes 66
5.15 Performance of ebp vs wsp 68
5.16 Sensitivity of ebp scheme 69
6.1 The procedure to compute width for a path set R 74
6.2 The candidate path set selection procedure for pair 76
(j
6.3 Illustration of wdp procedure 77
6.4 Configurable parameters in wdp 78
6.5 Convergence process of wdp 79
6.6 Number of paths used for routing 80
6.7 Sensitivity of wdp to update interval T 81
6.8 Sensitivity of wdp to change threshold 'ljJ 83
6.9 Performance comparison of wdp and wsp 84
7.1 Topologies used in our study 89
7.2 Different views of the isp topology 90
7.3 Convergence and adaptivity of proportional routing schemes 94
7.4 Performance comparison with best-path routing schemes 96