Local Politics In Rural Taiwan Under Dictatorship And Democracy

372 Pages·2008·22.913 MB·English

by  J. Bruce Jacobs

LOCAL POLITICS
IN RURAL TAIWAN
UNDER DICTATORSHIP
AND DEMOCRACY

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3128893
LOCAL POLITICS
IN RURAL TAIWAN
UNDER DICTATORSHIP
AND DEMOCRACY
]. Bruce Jacobs
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EastBridge
Norwalk
3128893
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Copyright© 2008 by EastBridge
All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the publisher
East Bridge
64 Wall Street
Norwalk, CT 06850
EastBridge is a nonprofit publishing corporation,
chartered in the State of Connecticut and tax exempt under
section 501(c)(3) of the United States tax code.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Pending
Printed in the United States of America
for
MELANIE PEI JACOBS
who was born in Mazu Township
on February 17, 1973
and for
RUTH JENNIFER JACOBS
and
STEPHANIE JEANNE JACOBS
who were born in Melbourne, Australia
in 1986 and 1989, respectively.
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XI
INTRODUCTION (2006) XIII
INTRODUCTION ( 1980) xv
NOTE ON ROMANIZATION XIX
NOTE ON NOMENCLATURE xx
CHAPTER I MAZU TOWNSHIP 3
The Township and Village in Taiwan's Administrative System 3
The Land and People of Mazu Township 5
The Villages ofMazu Township 7
CHAPTl'.R 2 TllE BUREAUCRATIC POLITICAL SYSTEM 15
Township and Village Government 16
Popular Associations 28
The Party 32
The Implementation of a Policy: The Improvement of Folk Practices 40
Conclusion 49
CHAPTER 3 TllE CONCEPT OF GUANXI 50
An Outline of the Guanxi Model 50
An Analysis of Cuanxi Bases 51
Implications of the Guanxi Base Typology 64
The Dynamics ofGuanxi 66
The Resolution of Competing Guanxi: Case Studies 74
Conclusion 76
CHAPTER 4 SOLIDARITY, FACE AND FACTION 77
Solidarity 77
Face 81
Docs Solidarity Equal Face? 85
Approaching the Study of Factions 86
Definition of Faction 89
The I ,eadcrship Cores 91
The Factional Supports 99
The Structure of Mazu Factions IOI
Factions in Mazu 105
Conclusion 107
CHAPTER 5 THE CULTURAL BASES OF FACTIONAL ALIGNMENT
AND DIVISION IN MAZU TOWNSlllP 109
The Hierarchy of Marketing Systems in Mazu Township 110
Aflinal KinshipNetworks in Mazu Township 112
Five Additional Findings Concerning Affinal Kinship Networks 116
Ritual Systems in Mazu Township 117
The Role of Government Administrative Districts 123
Four Less Useful Hypotheses 131
Conclusion 136
vi
Contents
CHAPTER 6 THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT
OF MAZU FACTIONS, 1951-1971 138
Origins of Taiwanese Political Factions 138
The Transitional Period, 1945-1950 139
The Appearance of Factional Silhouettes, 1951 142
Sour Sugar, 1953 146
Spring Comes to the North, 1954-1958 149
The South Wind Blows, 1958-1964 154
The Northern Restoration, 1965-1971 162
The Development ofFactions in Village A 167
Conclusion 174
CHAPTER 7 MAZU FACTIONS AND ELECTIONS, 1972-1973 176
Vote-Buying 176
The Election of December 23, 1972 178
The Township Executive and County Assembly Election of March 17, 1973 192
Conclusion 208
CHAPTER 8 PARTY GROWTH AND FACTION AL REALIGNMENT, 1973-1979 209
The Imprisonment and Removal from Office
of County Assemblyman Liang Yingdi 210
The Village Head and Township Assembly Elections of October 6, 1973 212
The November 1973 Election for Township Assembly Chairman 213
The Party Intervenes in the Farmers' Association Board Chairman Election 216
The Township Assembly .. Praises" Party Secretary Miu 217
Village A Solves Its Temple Dispute 218
The Competition for Party Nominations in the Election of November 19, 1977 222
The '"Against Party Discipline" Candidacies and the Split in the North Faction 229
The Formal Campaign in the Election of November 19, 1977 233
The Election Results of November 19, 1977 243
The New Factional Alignment in Mazu Township 246
The Crystallization of the New Political Alliance, 1977-1979 248
Conclusion 250
CONCLUSION ( 1980) 252
CHAPTER 9 THE PEOPLE AND BUREAUCRATIC POLITICAL SYSTEM
OF MAZU TOWNSHIP, 1981-2006 258
Stability and Change in the Land and People of Mazu Township 258
Stability and Change in the Bureaucratic Political System 261
Changes in the Nationalist Party 267
The Development of the Democratic Progressive Party in Mazu Township 268
CHAPTER 10 THE COMMUNITY POLITICAL SYSTEM
IN MAZU TOWNSHIP, 1981-2006 271
The Nationalist Party and Local Factions Dominate Local Politics 271
The Democratic Progressive Party Starts to Sprout 277
The Presidential Election of2000 in Mazu Township 287
The OPP and the Chen Faction Work Together, 2001 289
The Good Government Election, January 2002 296
The Presidential Election of March 2004 303
The Legislative Election of December 2004 304
Vote-buying Wins, 2005 308
Conclusion 313
vii
Contents
CONCLUSION (2006) 315
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON MAZU POLITICAL ACTORS 318
GLOSSARY 326
REFERENCES 333
INDEX 343
viii
Tables
TABLES
Table 1.1 Population Statistics for l\fazu Township Villages 8
Table 3.1 ,\ Schematic Outline of G11anxi Modd so
Table 3.2 A Comparison of Three C:11a11.'\i typologies 62
Table 4.1 1 Index of Solidarity by Natural Village in Mazu Township, 80
November-December 1977
Table S.1 Endogamy in Second-levd Marketing Areas I IS
Table S.2 Endogamy in Third-level Marketing Areas t IS
(!'he Division between North and South Mazu)
Table 6.1 County Assembly Election of.January 28, 19S1 in Mazu Township 143
Table 6.2 Township Executive Election of.July 1S, 19SI 14S
Table 6.3 'J'ownship Executive Run-off Election of July 22, 19SI 146
Table 6.4 Township Executive Election of June 24, 19S6 ISO
Table 6.S County Assembly Election of January 19, 19S8 in Mazu Township IS2
Table 6.6 County Assembly Election of January 1S , 1961 in l\lazu Township IS7
Table 6.7 County Assembly Eclection of.January 26, 1964 in Mazu Township 160
Table 6.8 County Assembly Election of January 21, 1968 in Mazu Township 16S
Table 7.1 The Provincial Assembly Election of December 23, 1972 in Mazu Township 191
Table 7.2 County Assembly Election of March 17, 19D in l\lazu Township 206
Table 8.1 Mazu Township Party Office \'ote Estimates and .\ctual Poll Results 241
in Mazu Township, November 1977
Table 8.2 County Assembly Election of November 19, 1977 in l\lazu, Southwest, 244
and West Townships
Table 10.1 The Township Executive Election, January 16, 1982, in Mazu Township 272
Table 10.2 The County 1\ssembly Election, January 16, 1982, in Mazu Township 273
(Mazu candidates only)
Table 10.3 The Township Executive Election, January 29, 1994, in l\lazu Township 279
Table 10.4 The Provincial (;ovemor [•'.election in Mazu Township, December 3, 1994 281
Table I O.S The Township Executive Election in Mazu Township, January 24, 1998 28S
Table to.6 The County Assembly Election in Mazu Township, January 24, 1998 286
Table 10.7 The County Executi,·e Election in Mazu Township, December I, 2001 294
Table to.8 The Legislative Election in Peacock County, December 1, 2001 29S
Table to.9 The Legislati,·e Election in Mazu Township, December I, 2001 296
Table to. 10 The Township Executive l\lection in Mazu Township, January 26, 2002 299
Table to.11 The County Assembly Election in Mazu Township, January 26, 2002 303
Table 10.12 The Township Executive Election in Mazu Township, December 3, 200S 311
Table 10.13 The County 1\ssembly Election in Mazu Township, December 3, 200S 313
ix