Local Government and Urban Governance in Europe

269 Pages·2017·4.394 MB·English

by  Carlos Nunes Silva, Ján Buček (eds.)

The Urban Book Series
Carlos Nunes Silva
Ján Buček Editors
Local
Government
and Urban
Governance in
Europe
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á č
Carlos Nunes Silva J n Bu ek
(cid:129)
Editors
Local Government and Urban
Governance in Europe
123
Editors
Carlos Nunes Silva Ján Buček
Institute of GeographyandSpatial Planning Department ofHuman Geography
Universidade deLisboa andDemography
Lisbon Comenius University
Portugal Bratislava
Slovakia
ISSN 2365-757X ISSN 2365-7588 (electronic)
TheUrban Book Series
ISBN978-3-319-43978-5 ISBN978-3-319-43979-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-43979-2
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016948116
©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2017
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Contents
1 Introduction... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 1
Carlos Nunes Silva and Ján Buček
Part I Crisis, Reform and Innovation in Local Government
2 Political and Administrative Decentralization in Portugal:
Four Decades of Democratic Local Government... .... ..... .... 9
Carlos Nunes Silva
3 Why and When Countries Implement Local Public
Administration Reforms: A Long-Term View of Reform
Dynamics in Slovakia, 1990–2015... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 33
Ján Buček
4 Local Self-Government in Hungary: The Impact of Crisis.... .... 71
Adrián Fábián
5 Local Government Innovation in Italy and its Impact
on Urban and Regional Planning with a Focus
on the Milanese Context. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 89
Renzo Riboldazzi
Part II Eu Policies, The Urban Agenda and Local Governance
6 Urban Dimension of the European Policies and the New
EU Urban Agenda in Croatia.. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 113
Dana Dobrić
7 The Relationship Between the European Commission
and Local Government Through European Urban Initiatives:
Constraints and Solidarities ... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 133
Oussama Kharchi
v
vi Contents
8 Mega-Events and New Patterns of Cooperation:
The European Capitals of Culture.. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 149
Ágnes Németh
9 Urban Regeneration and Local Governance in Italy:
Three Emblematic Cases. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 171
Anna Trono, Maria Chiara Zerbi and Valentina Castronuovo
10 Involving Citizens in the Reuse and Regeneration
of Urban Peripheral Spaces ... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 193
Gerardo Sassano, Antonio Graziadei, Federico Amato
and Beniamino Murgante
Part III Citizen Participation in Local Self-Government
11 Assessment of Socio-Economic Status Relevance
for Latvian Electoral Participation . .... .... .... .... ..... .... 209
Lilita Seimuskane, Inga Vilka and Edgars Brekis
12 Making Informed Citizens in Local Direct Democracy.
What Part Does Their Government Perform? .... .... ..... .... 233
Werner Pleschberger
Index .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 261
List of Figures
Figure 2.1 The structure of local government in Portugal 2015 . ..... .. 11
Figure 3.1 GDP per capita development 1992–2014 in Slovakia
(in USD). Source OECD 2015 (1992–1994,
2014—estimation).. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 52
Figure 3.2 GDP growth in Slovakia 1994–2014 (year to year
change in %). Source OECD (2016) (1994–1996,
2014 estimated).... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 52
Figure 3.3 Unemployment rate in Slovakia 1991–2014 (in %).
Source OECD . .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 53
Figure 3.4 Exchange rate SKK (Slovak Crown) to USD.
Source NBS 2015 .. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 53
Figure 3.5 General government debt to GDP development
in Slovakia (in %). Source OECD (2016). .... .... ..... .. 55
Figure 3.6 Total revenues of local self-governments in Slovakia
(th. EUR). Sources Ministry of Finance of the Slovak
Republic (2016).... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 56
Figure 3.7 Policy priorities in Slovakia after 1989 (own elaboration).. .. 60
Figure 4.1 Changes of EUR/HUF and CHF/HUF exchange rates
(yearly average). Source Hungarian National Bank.. ..... .. 82
Figure 4.2 Changes of Hungarian local self-government debts,
billion EUR, 2007–2010. Source Mohl (2012) . .... ..... .. 83
Figure 8.1 Aggregate networks of the Pécs 2010 and Turku 2011
projects showing the ‘regional’ dimension. Note: the size
of nodes indicates the number of links of a node on the
aggregatedlevelvarietyoflinks(i.e.thelargerthenode,the
more different links it has with other groups), while the
thickness of the links shows the number of connections on
the level of organisations summated under the nodes.
Source: Survey data (2014–2015) processed and visualised
by NetMiner 4 software... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 157
vii
viii ListofFigures
Figure 8.2 Aggregate networks of the Pécs 2010 and Turku 2011
projects showing the ‘legal status’ (sectorial) dimension.
Note: the size of nodes indicates the number of links of a
node on the aggregated level variety of links (i.e. the larger
the node, the more different links it has with other groups),
while the thickness of the links shows the number of
connections on the level of organisations summated under
the nodes. Source Survey data (2014–2015) processed and
visualised by NetMiner 4 software .. .... .... .... ..... .. 157
Figure 8.3 Aggregate networks of the Pécs 2010 and Turku 2011
projects showing the ‘field of activity’ dimension. Note: the
size ofnodes indicates thenumberoflinksofanodeonthe
aggregatedlevelvarietyoflinks(i.e.thelargerthenode,the
more different links it has with other groups), while the
thickness of the links shows the number of connections on
the level of organisations summated under the nodes.
Source: Survey data (2014–2015) processed and visualised
by NetMiner 4 software... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 159
Figure 8.4 The dynamics of the cooperation networks related to the
Pécs 2010 and Turku 2011 projects. Source: Survey data
(2014–2015) processed and visualised by NetMiner
4 software .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 160
Figure 9.1 Conservatorio di Sant’Anna. Source: Euromed Agency.... .. 176
Figure 9.2 Environmental degradation. Source: Valentina
Castronuovo .. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 180
Figure 10.1 The ‘Serpentone’: a A picture shortly after its completion
when it was disconnected from the central part of Potenza
(left), b the original project (right-up), c a recent picture
which highlights how urban development has included the
neighbourhood in the urban part of the city (right-down)
(Source Municipality of Potenza) ... .... .... .... ..... .. 199
Figure 10.2 aTherealisedproject(left),btheoriginalproject(right-up),
c the roof garden totally abandoned (right-down) (Source
www.archea.it; authors)... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 200
Figure 10.3 a Workshop participants guide students from school to the
‘ship’, b few games built by workshop participants were
enough to bring the neighbourhood children on the ‘ship’,
c a small boat on the roof garden of the ‘ship’, d children
wereencouragedtoexpress,throughthegameof‘itcan’,all
that was possible to do in the neighbourhood, e the
Solarium, space created during the workshop, attracts
children and local residents, f The ship cargo has become a
site of painting exhibition (Source Salvatore Laurenzana,
photographer, 14–21 September 2014) ... .... .... ..... .. 202
ListofFigures ix
Figure 11.1 Voter turnout in elections to the Parliament, European
Parliament, and local governments in Latvia (1994, 2004,
2010). Source The Central Election Commission
of Latvia 2015. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 211
Figure 11.2 Theadministrative-territorialdivisionandlocalgovernments
in Latvia. Source Vilka and Seimuskane (2012) .... ..... .. 214
Figure 11.3 The territories of statistical regions in Latvia (Source
Picture from publication of Latvian Academy of Science,
Vilka 2013)... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 214
Figure 11.4 Distribution of municipalities by voter turnout in the local
elections of 2013 and elections to the European Parliament
in 2014. Source A boxplot developed by the author using
data of the CEC of Latvia on voter turnout.... .... ..... .. 216
Figure 11.5 Correlation between voter turnout in the local elections
in 2013 and elections to the European Parliament in 2014.
Source Calculations made by the authors, data of the CEC
of Latvia . .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 218
Figure 11.6 Distribution of municipalities by personal income tax
revenues per capita in Latvia in 2013. Source The boxplot
made by the authors using the calculation on revenue from
thepersonalincometaxinthebudgetsoflocalgovernments
per capita available in the regulations of the Cabinet of
Ministers of the Republic of Latvia (2013) .... .... ..... .. 221
Figure 11.7 Distribution of municipalities by the number of population
(logscale)inLatviain2013.SourceAboxplotdevelopedby
the authors using the OCMA data about the number of
population as of 1 January 2013.... .... .... .... ..... .. 222
Figure 11.8 Distribution of municipalities in Latvia by individuals with
higher education per 1000 inhabitants in Latvia. Source A
boxplot developed by the authors using the CSB’s data on
higher education ... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 223
Figure 11.9 Distribution of municipalities by old-age pension
beneficiaries per 1000 inhabitants in Latvia in 2013. Source
A boxplot developed by the authors using the SSIAdata on
the number of old-age pension beneficiaries ... .... ..... .. 224
Figure 11.10 Distribution of municipalities by proportion of Latvian
population in Latvia in 2013. Source A boxplot developed
by the authors using the CSB data about the number of
population at the beginning of 2013 . .... .... .... ..... .. 225
Figure 11.11 Distribution of municipalities by live births per 1000
inhabitants in Latvia in 2013. Source A boxplot
developed by the authors using the CSB data
on the number of births... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 226