Loans and Legitimacy: The Evolution of Soviet-American Relations, 1919-1933 PDF
Preview Loans and Legitimacy: The Evolution of Soviet-American Relations, 1919-1933
LOANS AND LEGITIMACY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 This page intentionally left blank 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 LOANS AND. LEGITIMACY THE EVOLUTION OF SOVIET-AMERICAN RELATIONS 1919-1933 KATHERINE A.S. SIEGEL THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF KENTUCKY Copyright© 1996byTheUniversityPressofKentucky ScholarlypublisherfortheCommonwealth, servingBellarmineCollege,BereaCollege,Centre CollegeofKentucky,EasternKentuckyUniversity, TheFilsonClub,GeorgetownCollege, Kentucky HistoricalSociety,KentuckyStateUniversity, MoreheadStateUniversity,MurrayStateUniversity, NorthernKentuckyUniversity,TransylvaniaUniversity, UniversityofKentucky,UniversityofLouisville, andWesternKentuckyUniversity EditorialandSalesOffices:TheUniversityPressofKentucky 663SouthLimestoneStreet,Lexington,Kentucky40508-4008 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Siegel,KatherineA. S. (KatherineAmeliaSiobhan), 1961- Loansandlegitimacy:theevolutionofSoviet-Americanrelations. 1919-1933/KatherineA.S. Siegel. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-8131-6035-1 1.UnitedStates-Foreignrelations-SovietUnion. 2.Soviet Union-Foreignrelations-UnitedStates. I.Title. E.183.8.S65S56 1996 327,73047'09'041-dc20 95-26338 FOR MITCH j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j This page intentionally left blank j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix INTRODUCTION 1 1. MARTENS AND THE FIRST SOVIET MISSION 6 2. 23 THE DEMISE OF THE SOVIET BUREAU 3. DIPLOMATIC, MILITARY, AND HUMANITARIAN INITIATIVES, 1919-1923 39 4. ECONOMIC FOREIGN POLICY UNDER HARDING 62 5. THE SOVIET COMMERCIAL MISSIONS UNDER HARDING, COOLIDGE, AND HOOVER 76 6. 1923-1929 89 TRADE AND FOREIGN POLICY, 7. AMERICAN BUSINESSMEN, THE NEP, AND THE FIRST FIVE-YEAR PLAN 110 8. 1929-1933 133 SOVIET-AMERICAN RELATIONS, 9. 139 CONCLUSION 141 ABBREVIATIONS 143 NOTES 187 BIBLIOGRAPHY 197 INDEX ILLUSTRATIONS FOLLOWPAGE 86 This page intentionally left blank ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Manypeoplehelpedtomakethisbookpossible. My doctoral adviser,Alexander DeConde,gentlydivertedmefromthewell-traveledpathoftheColdWaranden couragedme to ventureinto the 1920sinstead, for which Iam very grateful. He alsoread all ofthe drafts ofthe dissertationfrom whichthis bookemerged, and providedmewithinvaluableadvice, assistance, andsupport. ProfessorsW. Elliot BrownleeandJoachimRemakwerealsowonderfullyhelpfulmembersofmydis sertationcommittee. I wouldvery much like to thankthose who commentedon the book in in its various forms thereafter: David McFadden, Christine White, TiborFrank,JonathanCoopersmith,LindaKillen, andMichaelSherry. MichaelJ. Hogan, editorofDiplomaticHistory, kindlygavepermissionforme to use por tionsofanarticleIhadpublishedinthatjournal.ColleaguesNinaBakisian,Fiona HarrisStoertz,SinaDubovoj,ThornArmstrong,EduardMark,andRorinPlattalso offeredtheirencouragementandsupport, asdidtheparticipantsofthe 1989-1991 InstituteonGlobalConflictandCooperationFellowsConference. Asthisworkevolvedfromdissertationtomanuscript,Ienjoyedthefrequent inspiration, good humor, and a.ctive mentoring of.my history department col leaguesatSt.Joseph'sUniversity.Andasthemanuscriptturnedintoamonograph, Ibenefitedfrom the gracious suggestions, careful oversight, andefficientopera tions ofthe editorial, production, andmarketing staffatthe University Press of Kentucky. Researching the many collections used in this book would have been far more daunting a task without the generous assistance offered by librarians and archivists in theUnited States and Russia, including Dane Hartgrove and John Taylor at the National Archives; Dwight Miller and Shirley Sondergard at the Hoover Presidential Library; Verne Newton, Raymond Teichman, and Robert Parks atthe RooseveltLibrary; Joanne HohlerattheWisconsin State Historical Society;ChrisBaer,MichaelNash, andMarjorieMcNinchattheHagleyLibrary; Elaine Barr at the Swarthmore College Peace Collection;Jennifer Rollo at the EisenhowerLibraryofJohnsHopkinsUniversity;BarbaraNatansonattheLibrary ofCongress,PrintsandPhotographsDivision;BillGormanattheNewYorkState Archives; and Chris Dixon and PatWeaveratDrexel Library, St. Joseph's Uni versity. Also of great assistance were the staffs at the Federal Bureau of InvestigationReadingRoom; theNationalArchives; theLibraryofCongress; the
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