Living with Strangers The Nineteenth-Century Sioux and the Canadian-American Borderlands David G. McCrady 1 2 3 4 Living with Strangers 5 6 7 8 9 10 [First Page] 11 12 [-1], (1) 13 14 Lines: 0 to 8 15 ——— 16 * 459.58002pt PgVar 17 ——— 18 Normal Page 19 * PgEnds: PageBreak 20 21 [-1], (1) 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 BOB — University of Nebraska Press / Page i / / Living with Strangers / David G. McCrady 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 [-2], (2) 13 14 Lines: 8 to 16 15 ——— 16 Pananiapapi (Struck by the Ree) and Shunkanonpa (Two Dogs), * 269.658pt PgVar 17 from a sketch by Valentine Francis Rowe, 1874. ——— (Saskatchewan Archives Board, r-a22972.) 18 Normal Page 19 * PgEnds: PageBreak 20 21 [-2], (2) 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 BOB — University of Nebraska Press / Page ii / / Living with Strangers / David G. McCrady 1 2 3 4 5 6 Living with 7 8 9 10 Strangers 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 The Nineteenth-Century Sioux and the 18 19 Canadian-American Borderlands 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 David G. McCrady 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 JC>K:GH>IND;C: 1 © 2006 by the Board of Regents 2 of the University of Nebraska 3 All rights reserved 4 Manufactured in the United States of America 5 䡬⬁ 6 Set in Minion and 7 Copperplate by 8 Bob Reitz. 9 Designed by Ray Boeche. Library of Congress 10 Cataloging-in-Publication 11 Data 12 McCrady, David G. [-4], (4) Living with strangers: the 13 nineteenth-century Sioux 14 and the Canadian-American borderlands / Lines: 21 to 79 15 David G. McCrady. ——— 16 p. cm. * 122.688pt PgVar Includes bibliographical 17 ——— references and index. 18 isbn-13: 978-0-8032-3250-1 Normal Page 19 (cloth: alk. paper) * PgEnds: PageBreak isbn-10: 0-8032-3250-0 20 (cloth: alk. paper) 21 1. Dakota Indians— [-4], (4) Migrations. 2. Dakota 22 Indians—Wars. 3. Dakota 23 Indians—History—19th 24 century. 4. Canada—Ethnic relations. 25 5. Canada—History—19th 26 century. I. Title. e99.d1m46 2006 27 978.004'975243—dc22 28 2005009278 29 30 31 32 Disclaimer: 33 Some images in the original version of this book are not 34 available for inclusion in the eBook. 35 36 37 BOB — University of Nebraska Press / Page iv / / Living with Strangers / David G. McCrady 1 2 3 4 My heart is not bad, my heart is glad to see the English, 5 the English are good, but the Big Knife is bad, 6 they kill our children. 7 Two Dogs to Valentine Francis Rowe, 1874 8 9 10 11 12 [-5], (5) 13 14 Lines: 79 to 92 15 ——— 16 * 410.58002pt PgVar 17 ——— 18 Normal Page 19 * PgEnds: PageBreak 20 21 [-5], (5) 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 BOB — University of Nebraska Press / Page v / / Living with Strangers / David G. McCrady 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 [-6], (6) 13 14 Lines: 92 to 93 15 ——— 16 0.0pt PgVar 17 ——— 18 Normal Page 19 PgEnds: T EX 20 21 [-6], (6) 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 BOB — University of Nebraska Press / Page vi / / Living with Strangers / David G. McCrady 1 2 3 4 CONTENTS 5 6 List of Illustrations ix 7 Preface xi 8 9 A Note on Sioux 10 Groups and Leaders xv 11 12 1. Introduction: [-7], (7) 13 Partitioning Sioux History 1 14 2. From Contested Ground Lines: 93 to 180 15 to Borderlands, 1752–1862 8 ——— 16 * 21.18002pt PgVar 3. The Dakota Conflict of 1862 17 ——— and the Migration to the 18 Normal Page Plains Borderlands 17 19 * PgEnds: PageBreak 20 4. The Migration of the Sioux 21 to the Milk River Country 31 [-7], (7) 22 5. The Sioux, the Surveyors, and the 23 North-West Mounted Police, 1872–1874 49 24 25 6. The Great Sioux War, 1876–1877 61 26 7. The Lakotas and Métis 27 at Wood Mountain, 1876–1881 76 28 29 8. The Failure of Peace 30 in Canada, 1878–1881 86 31 9. Overview: The Northern Borderlands 103 32 33 Notes 115 34 Bibliography 145 35 Index 159 36 37 BOB — University of Nebraska Press / Page vii / / Living with Strangers / David G. McCrady 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 [-8], (8) 13 14 Lines: 180 to 181 15 ——— 16 0.0pt PgVar 17 ——— 18 Normal Page 19 PgEnds: T EX 20 21 [-8], (8) 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 BOB — University of Nebraska Press / Page viii / / Living with Strangers / David G. McCrady 1 2 3 4 ILLUSTRATIONS 5 Following page 72 6 1. Sioux Buffalo Hunter, White Horse Plains, Red River 7 8 2. Red River cart at a Dakota camp 9 3. Council at Yankton, Dakota Territory 10 4. Mound marking the Canada–United States boundary 11 12 [-9], (9) 5. Sioux burial in 1873 or 1874 13 6. Two Métis families 14 Lines: 181 to 263 15 7. Struck by the Ree’s and Two Dogs’s camp ——— 16 8. The Great Pow Wow with the Sioux on the 13th Aug, 1874 * 103.18002pt PgVar 17 ——— 18 9. Son of Standing Buffalo in 1875 Normal Page 19 * PgEnds: PageBreak 10. Canadian Illustrated News cartoon of Sitting Bull 20 11. Sioux and members of the North-West 21 [-9], (9) Mounted Police at Fort Walsh in 1878 22 23 12. Sydney Prior Hall sketch of Standing Buffalo’s band 24 13. Portrait of Sitting Bull 25 26 MAPS 27 28 The Northern Plains in the 1860s 16 29 The Northern Plains in the 1870s 62 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 BOB — University of Nebraska Press / Page ix / / Living with Strangers / David G. McCrady