living with a long-term illness the facts also available in the series adhd: the facts huntington’s disease: the facts MARK SELIKOWITZ OLIVER QUARRELL alcoholism: the facts kidney failure: the facts third edition STEWART CAMERON DONALD W. GOODWIN lung cancer: the facts ankylosing spondylitis: the facts second edition MUHAMMAD ASIM KHAN CHRIS WILLIAMS autism: the facts lupus: the facts SIMON BARON-COHEN AND PATRICK GRAHAM HUGHES BOLTON multiple sclerosis: the facts back and neck pain: the facts fourth edition LOÏC BURN BRYAN MATTHEWS AND MARGARET RICE-OXLEY cancer: the facts second edition muscular dystrophy: the facts MICHAEL WHITEHOUSE AND MAURICE SLEVIN second edition ALAN E. H. EMERY childhood leukaemia: the facts second edition myotonic dystrophy: the facts JOHN S. LILLEYMAN PETER HARPER chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs/me): obessive–compulsive disorder: the the facts facts MICHAEL SHARPE AND FRANKIE CAMPLING third edition PADMAL DE SILVA AND STANLEY RACHMAN cystic fibrosis: the facts third edition panic disorder: the facts ANN HARRIS AND MAURICE SUPER second edition STANLEY RACHMAN AND PADMAL DE SILVA down syndrome: the facts second edition the pill and other forms of MARK SELIKOWITZ hormonal contraception: the facts sixth edition dyslexia and other learning JOHN GUILLEBAUD difficulties: the facts second edition prostate cancer: the facts MARK SELIKOWITZ MALCOLM MASON AND LESLIE MOFFAT eating disorders: the facts schizophrenia: the facts fifth edition second edition SUZANNE ABRAHAM AND DEREK MING T. TSUANG AND STEPHEN V. LLEWELLYN-JONES FARAONE epilepsy: the facts thyroid disease: the facts second edition third edition ANTHONY HOPKINS AND RICHARD R. I. S. BAYLISS AND W. M. G. TUNBRIDGE APPLETON tourette syndrome: the facts head injury: the facts second edition second edition MARY ROBERTSON AND SIMON DOROTHY GRONWALL, PHILIP WRIGHTSON BARON-COHEN AND PETER WADDELL living with a long-term illness the facts FRANKIE CAMPLING A person with a long-term illness MICHAEL SHARPE Professor of Psychological Medicine and Symptom Research, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Oxford University Press, 2006 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Campling, Frankie. Living with a long-term illness : the facts / Frankie Campling, Michael Sharpe. p. cm. 1. Chronic diseases—Treatment. 2. Chronically ill—Rehabilitation. 3. Self-care, Health. I. Sharpe, Michael, 1941– . II. Title. RC108.C36 2006 616⬘.044—dc22 2005023507 Typeset by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Clays Ltd., Bungay, Suffolk. ISBN 0–19–852882–5 (Pbk.) 978–0–19–852882–1 (Pbk.) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 acknowledgements We are very grateful to those people, clinicians, health professionals and patients, who read the manuscript or who discussed the project with us, and gave us such valuable comments and suggestions. These include Lois Bennett, Hilary Briars, Diane Cox—reader in occupational medicine, Joanna Howard, Tim Jack—director of pain relief unit, Kurt Kroenke— professor of medicine, Michael von Korff—health services researcher, Roisin McClosky—general practitioner, Vanessa Strong—research nurse and David Weller—professor of general practice, though many others have given us really helpful assistance. Most of all though, we want to thank all the people with a long-term illness with whom we have worked over the last 15 or more years. They have taught us so much about what it is like to suffer from such an illness, their problems, and what they have found helpful. This book is dedicated to them. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the contents of this book are as complete, accurate and up to date as possible at the date of writing, Oxford University Press is not able to give any guarantee or assurance that such is the case. Readers are urged to take appropriately qualified medical advice in all cases. The information in this book is intended to be useful to the general reader, but should not be used as a means of self-diagnosis or for the prescription of medication. contents Introduction xi section 1 Long-term illness and you 1 What is long-term (chronic) illness? 3 2 Long-term illness as a journey 7 3 Gathering information and becoming an ‘expert patient’ 13 4 Managing disease 21 5 Managing illness 27 6 Keeping going with a self-management programme 35 7 Using complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) 43 section 2 Managing physical/biological problems 8 Managing fatigue 49 9 Managing pain 59 10 Using activity and exercise 69 11 Improving your sleep 73 12 Managing bladder and/or bowel problems 77 13 Looking after your general health 79 14 Eating well and wisely 83 the facts | vii living with a long-term illness | the facts section 3 Managing emotional issues 15 Setting goals for yourself 89 16 Dealing with problems 93 17 Building pleasure into your life 99 18 Living with uncertainty 103 19 Managing your thinking 105 20 Managing your self-esteem 109 21 Managing your emotions 113 22 Managing severe anxiety, panic or depression 125 23 Getting psychological help 133 section 4 Managing interpersonal problems 24 Relationships and communication 141 25 Caring and being cared for 149 26 Improving your personal relationships 155 27 Your relationship with your doctors 161 section 5 Managing practical problems 28 Improving your quality of life 171 29 Getting practical and financial assistance 177 30 Thinking about the future 181 Summary 185 viii | the facts contents Appendix 1 The DISCERN instrument 187 Appendix 2 Further information 195 Appendix 3 Papers from medical journals 199 Index 201 the facts | ix