Living the Lunar Calendar

397 Pages·2012·12.94 MB·English

by  Jonathan Ben-Dov, Wayne Horowitz, John M. Steele

Living the Lunar Calendar
Living the Lunar Calendar
edited by
Jonathan Ben-Dov, Wayne Horowitz
and John M. Steele
Oxbow Books
Oxford and Oakville
Published by
Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK
© The individual authors, 2012
Cover design © Rebecca Barclay
ISBN 978-1-84217-481-4
This book is available direct from:
Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK
(Phone: [phone]; Fax: [phone])
and
The David Brown Book Company
PO Box 511, Oakville, CT 06779, USA
(Phone: [phone]; Fax: [phone])
or from our website
www.oxbowbooks.com
A CIP record for this book is available from the British library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Living the lunar calendar / edited by Jonathan Ben-Dov, Wayne Horowitz and John M. Steele.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-1-84217-481-4
1. Calendars--History--To 1500. 2. Calendar, Assyro-Babylonian 3. Calendar, Greek. 4.
Calendar, Egyptian. 5. Calendar, Jewish. I. Ben-Dov, Jonathan. II. Horowitz, Wayne, 1957- III.
Steele, John M.
CE25.L59 2012
529’.3--dc23
2012008148
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
Information Press, Eynsham
Contents
oF er ow dr iv
Amanda Weiss
nI tor tcud oi n 1
Jonathan Ben-Dov, Wayne Horowitz and John M. Steele
nuS ni yad eM sopotmai 9
Wayne Horowitz
dielM sA snairy nuL C ra ael nna rad C d orh nool g y 91
Yigal Bloch
Beoy nt d eh oM onniM : ona C‘ ael nradbm yo-’ S lsi ni m t eh eulB‘ er F d r i B sco’ 36
Sabine Beckman
erG yl E r a enuL k si oC ral elcy sehT : P ythnai na emapG ci m ylO d s 97
Robert Hannah
tahW oT D oo nt eh rh iT tei teN A ?h otal P - onnI ci teerpr tta oi no eH f soi s’d 59
Works and Days8–567
Patrizia Marzillo
erG y hW enuL k oM ra ntsh B egna taL y a D A et r nah gE tpy nai nuL r a 91
oM ntsh B ,otb heof er sri F tV si bi liti o y t f eh eN C w er scent
Leo Depuydt
nuL C ra ael nsrad ta nar m � u C A ? otarpa m evi na ed I d ool gtaci S l ydu 371
Jonathan Ben-Dov
ema T na emiT dliW d ni t eh nar m � u na R d banbi C ci ael nsrad 191
Ron H. Feldman
ehT R banbi eN ci oM w onorP ceerud C : ontetx na giS dnnacifi ce 12
Sacha Stern
or F sbO m ertav oi nt oC atucla l oi nehT : D eev ol emp nto t f eh R banbi ci 132
nuL C ra ael nrad
Lawrence H. Schiffman
v
i v Contents
ehT omra H ntazi oi no t f eh nuL eY r a tiw r a t h eh ulnai J C ael n yb r a d 542
nA ta oslui siB , oh o p oaL f d ciea
Daniel P. Mc Carthy
Betew enC roixificu nna C d ael nR ra deof mer M : dei aC lv sir h tnai 952
eP cer tp oi nso t f eh eJ siw nuL h si oC ral ael nrad
Carl Phillip Emanuel Nothaft
Csir h tnai C ael nargem aci F l rd ntsorf frnau T m 962
Mark Dickens and Nicholas Sims-Williams
nuL bael T ra sni eM dei asuR lv sai 792
Michael L. Gorodetsky
eT lnli emi T g tiw t h eh oM onnA : emA naci r O ev reiv w 13
Stanisław Iwaniszewski
nuL C ra eer om nnalai P l nni ni g t eh nA eic ntemA naci r S otu ewh st 13
James Walton
sujd A tni C g atucla l oi nst ot eh ed I ani l t eh C nhi esena npaa J d eseC ael nsrad 943
Susan Tsumura
Lnivi tiw g nuL a h C ra ael nni ra d eM sopotmnaa ai C d nhi a 373
John M. Steele
Foreword
eh nt I wetni r o f ,0102dru eh gtn i f u l lom o noeh ft e H rb ew om hotn fehS av t ( Tu Bishvat ,)
eht eJ w hsi eN we Y ar of rr T ee ,s eht bielB aL dn sesu M m u eJ rasu el m rp odu yl oh ets d eht
gL“ n iehvi t a n u L r aC el dn ar ” coefn recne .ehT coefn recne rb ogu t hot geeht r ohcs al r srf o m
arodnu eht wordl ot d saucsi wdi e ragne oeu fs si sreal gnoit t eht r t a gn iokc em fi t ,adn eht
ac el dn ar nidevi res r uct l e ,saeicn tan dn om der ,nragn g n irf o moht es o feht eicn A e t Nn ar
Ea tsadn bilBaci lrs I ael ,rm�u a nadn ear ylrhC aitsi , n tiay dn rb oade gn ioru csope a teht
esu M ot m u dulcn i ealc acis s a l dn em dei av ru E l opeeht , an evi t pe opel o s eht f emA raci a ,s dn
anhi C adn a J pan .oC efn recne parpaici t ,s t ndulcn i g n i pes aek r ,sadn em bmer so feht bielB
aL dn esu M s eJ m u rasu el co m ah , n ti u y m m deht o pornoti u t y ahs rea co om e n p xerei cne
o fdcsioev r , boy h to netis a teht esu M m uadn o na tisi vot eht Dead Sea adn eht arahc eo -
ol gaci etis l a rm�u t aOevn . reht rht eed ao sy eht f em eo gni t ru pa rpaici t e ,s t n p xera st dn al y -
em a n elki e , ax enmi dfa mliai ra dn fanu m liai rliazivic oit a sn dn et rt- t x adoiti aht s n a t ahs l l red
eht coom namu h nepxerei cne o fam r gn i keht paas ge o femi t y bem a sno feht envi u res
arodnu p nai ,s u rucialt reht om ev em o st n eht f oM oeht ,n a ,n u S dn eht atS rs .
ehT bielB aL dn esu s M m u sia envi u ras l certn e of r peopel o fal l fa sh tidedaci et d ot eht
duts dn ,u y erats dn gani dn arp eaic oit noeh ft r uc t l e soeh ft eicn A e tN n ar Ears .t sA s I ae s ’ l
al rgeesu t m s mdu edaci et d os el o ylt eh t aeicn o tth si n r yoh si frt egoi eh ,n t esu M mru eelf s tc
eht r wtic y hci w nhi ti e ti h hci esJt six : rasu el ot m dar y eam d sni eeeulfn i p yl cnedeht y b an ul r
celcy o s eht f eJ wals I ,hsi m cia , dn rhC aitsi rluti n gaci ac l el dn aratciDs . eht g n i t e ab b dn olf w
o foru a c el dn ar ey ar adn eh t etn i rtw goni frelgioi sceu el rb aoit san dn worehhs ,p t i esu M -
a si m u an rut aoh l em of rth si t py eo rp f ograg ,mevi o sti n g noco gni emmti m ot t n a ac dem ci
ecex lel cne ,adn o t faalic ti g bup n l i ci pat rpaici t oit n n h i gi hel ev ledacu oit an r lp ogragnmi m .
a ni si t I wsn erot bo eht h t es go aaht sl w t ea eht t bielB aL dn esu M s eJ m u rasu el a m repel aes d
ot be abel ot ocne aga ni ahs re ni eht gL“ n i vieht anu L r aC el dn ar ” epxerei cne , h si t emi t
rht ogueht h w retti p nageo s ohv si t f em ul .
Iwoudl elki ot erpx e s y m graduti t e ot eht am y noatst u dn gn i parpaici t s t n n i h si t con -
ef recne adn bup laci oit ,nadn n i parucialt r ot oru parent r s n i coordani g n i tadn organ gzin i
eht coefn recne ,rP o .foJ an aht n BeDo-n vo faH fiaen vi U r ,rtis yP oa .f W eny oH row ztiadn
rP oahS .f ol aP m ou l eht f eH rb ewenvi U rtiso y eJ f rasu el rP ,m ooJ .f etS n h eel o rB f owni U n -
ev rtisa y dn bielB aL dn esu M s eJ m u rasu el ru C m aot rrD , F . ouk liV p i as ov .�i v
eW a red eednip yl eetb dot eht am ppous y n ret rw s oh am dehco si t efn recnep obisels n i , -
dulc rM g n i eH . rn Ze y em o l eht f aC eon F odnu aoit w ,n ohti w tu oh es ainti e l aisu h t n h si t m s
erit n e coefn recne am yon tah ev bee norganezi d . n Iaddoiti nwe woudl aosl elki ot aht n k
ehT bielB Deparemt t n a t eht envi U rtis y o f aH fia , ehT rO oi n eC etn r of r eht dut S y o f
vii
i v Foreward
eht Dead Sea Src ol sl adn osA aic et d Leti rarut e a t eht eH rb ew envi U rtis y o f eJ rasu el ,m
rm�u a naN oit an laP rkr ,s I ae laN rut e adn aP rohkt s u A rti yadn ehT aH fia For m uof r eht
otsi H ro y S feic cneof reht ri pous ra t dn a atsis s cne.
nolc I g n is , Iwoudl elki ot aht n kaC ro nylduB ow BeaD-n div adn eht ats fo feht bielB
aL dn sesu M m ueJ rasu el mof r al lo feht ah rd wor kaht terusn ed a om ts cu c sefs su l coefn r -
ecnerf oats m rot t an ,hsif dn ot oJ etS n h eel of reh ot g np i l rp ees rev eht r ees ara hc dn onk wl -
edge aht t siahs red ni h si t bup laci oit nof r ruft u e duts yadn greaet r dnu erats dn gn i n i h si t
faanics a gn i t dn emi t el eif s s dl .
amA dn aeW s si
riD eotc r
bielB aL dn esu M s eJ m u rasu el m
Introduction
ehT onpe in g cs ne e o f rA its onaph ’ se Clouds foma u yls ohs sw oh w t eh rp otagonits ,
tS rispe da ,seraef st ehnrae in gra ria lvo ft ehne wom on ,b ecua eson ttah d ya ehow udl ned
to ypa hi sdtbe s .uB t tS rispe da se i s aosl le lwraw a e ttah t ehdecral ta ion o ft ehne wom on
inrG ec ke itic se oudl nab e nouncedie treh kata selenei— ca .e . cordint g ot ca eh tuisa l gth in g
ot f om eh on—or kata archoni , ca .e . cordint g ot rp eh nese tn eedo s t f r eh urel oF . rp ,el m axe
h wi el adecral ta ion o fna intre caral yom nt hcoudl b e p xe ected on ats ronomica l ground ,s
a ginev rurel coudl coh o es to pots pon e t eh txe r aom nt h i f ehneeded t ehne w raey s t’ a x
nemyp a tu s rgne tnA . yl otreh na ecdotr e tale edt ot n eh eom w oni of s undi nt olyba B eh nina
uaml T dt : eiw J eh as g hs R e . iH¸ a yu , poniv eiw nt g n eh ome w ont , rh oc sw ol do s rae f tta h i t
b ecua esit dtse ro syt ehrp e-cacl utal ed cs em eh ais gned to it ybt ehrbabinic court ( R. bo hs
nahs H a ,1:52c .ft eh atsel P inina rpa a l lelts or yinR. oy hsnahs H a ,2:21 h wic hnem tion s
pbe bo sel ts f oni e nts dae o c f ol do s rae f td ,h ut e ot d eh iref ne tg eool go y t f r eh e gion.)
na eseh T ecdotrf se oc m aisls crG a l ce ke oemdna y dr babinicli tre ta uri e lul ts rta t e aim eh n
t sem eh o f t eh rp nese t ov ul .em anelC dra s e v a hoftne bene us jb ect to auq alitta i ev ts ud , y
us reviy nda g minits rta it ev txe cs a s le lw a s s ine tiif ct rtae ina ses dr iturpa l cse ritp ioni ,s no rdre
to acs re tain t eh canel dra or canel dra s rp ca ticed undre t eh rpesecti ev os cite , yna d om r e
ow r kraime n sto b edon ein undre ts na din gt ehtecnh icaliti seo f hits orica lcanel dra sos( em
p sel m axera eincul ded in t ehrp nese t colelction .)uB t t ehra tic selcolelcted reh errpe nese t
noto nt yl tam eh tam eh icda l inem is ono c f anel dra r ecok ningt— aehosl y c onis dre t efec eh t
ot f g ehrtae of rco se na f cine thi ts oro y nt c eh anel dra po : litici ,s dne titos , y ciac l oiseh nev ,s se
cutl ura l yrbh idit , yna d utl itam yle t eh b ais c uq tse ion so fuh nam ciiv litaz ion ,n ylem aoh w
do senam ik nd ne of rc e ordre on t ehne d sel olf w o fnta ura lnpeh onem a . iT em i s on eo f
t eh om ts bais c cta egorii—se f not t eh om ts bais c onie— n t eh rta iona l tam ri x yb h wic h
uh nam bie ng scrtae enaem in gin t ehow rdl . hiT s a swca nk oelwdg ed on t eh p hiol os phica l
el le v y b Inam m u le naK t ,ne H ri rBe gos n na d ra M tin ie H deg gre , to n ema on yl a . ef wIt
a sh b ene plpia ed to t ehts ud yo f hits orica lna d contpome rra ycanel dra s y b . .MiN P osl n
in hi s groundrb iae k n g Primitive Time-Reckoning )0291(na d yb E . Zre u le v b a in hi s The
Seven Day Circle .)5891( So emrecne t rp ominne t ts udi se h wic ev hia h ntegrta ed t ehts ud y
o ft ehcanel dra into t eh frba ic o fcutl ur ena d os cite yincul drü eJ gne s ’e p k üR Kalender und
Öffentlichkeit ,)591(ivly S enA n e Godl rbe s g ’ La Clepsydre ,)02(na d nA toh nnev y A i s ’
Empires of Timerpea eh T .)9891( i s nt hiov s ul t em ooc onis dre uq tse iono s oh f c w anel dra s
na dt nam eh a gneme to t f ira em bm e e eddediw thint po eh liticaosl , ciarl , leigiouna s do treh
pa e scto s h fits oricac l utl urb ,se a esdu ponc ra feuts l udo y rp f iram os y urctam e re ial.
1