Living on the Edge in Leonardo’s Florence SWISS FEDERATION HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE MARQUISATE FRANCE OF MANTUA DUCHY OF SAVOY Milan SALUZZO REPUBLIC OF VENICE DUCHY Mantua OF MILAN Genoa Venice ISTRIA KINGDOM OF HUNGARY REPUBLIC DUCHY OF OF GENOA MONFERRATO FERRARA & Lucca Florence MODENA REPUBLIC R OTTOMAN OF LUCCA REPUBLIC EMPIRE OF FLORENCE Sienna PAPAL STATE CORSICA DALMATIA REPUBLIC A D R I A T I C OF SIENA S E A Rome SARDINIA KINGDOM OF NAPLES Naples Bari T Y R R H E N I A N S E A Taranto Brindisi KINGDOM OF SICILY M E D I T E R R A N E A N 0 50 100 mi. S E A 0 50 100 150 km Map 1. Italy in 1494 A r n o N R . o P . r R T i b e . Living on the Edge in Leonardo’s Florence Selected Essays Gene Brucker UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley Los Angeles London The publisher gratefully acknowledges the generous contribution to this book provided by the Ahmanson Foundation Humanities Endowment Fund of the University of California Press Associates. University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England © 2005 by the Regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Brucker, Gene A. Living on the edge in Leonardo’s Florence : selected essays / Gene Brucker. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-520-24134-7 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Florence (Italy)—History—To 1421. 2. Florence (Italy)—History—1421–1737. 3. Italy—History— 1268–1492. 4. Renaissance—Italy—Florence. I. Title. DG737.55.B839 2005 945⬘.5105—dc22 2004017983 Manufactured in the United States of America 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ansi/niso z39.48-1992 (R 1997) (Permanence of Paper). CONTENTS List of Maps vii Acknowledgments ix Permissions xi Introduction xv 1. The Italian Renaissance 1 2. Civic Traditions in Premodern Italy 22 3. From Campanilismo to Nationhood: Forging an Italian Identity 42 4. “The Horseshoe Nail”: Structure and Contingency in Medieval and Renaissance Italy 62 5. Fede and Fiducia: The Problem of Trust in Italian History, 1300–1500 83 6. Florence Redux 104 7. Living on the Edge in Leonardo’s Florence 114 8. Florentine Cathedral Chaplains in the Fifteenth Century 128 9. The Pope, the Pandolfini, and the Parrochiani of S. Martino a Gangalandi (1465) 143 10. Alessandra Strozzi (1408–1471): The Eventful Life of a Florentine Matron 151 Notes 169 Index 195 MAPS Italy in 1494 ii City Plan of Florence xiv Tuscany xiv vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Some time ago, James Clark, then director of the University of Califor- nia Press, suggested that the Press might be interested in publishing a collection of my recent essays. I am grateful to Jim Clark, whom I have known since the 1950s, for supporting this enterprise. I also thank Mari Coates, Stephanie Fay, and Erin Marietta of UC Press, Sherrill Young of the staff of Berkeley’s History Department, and Lisa Kaborycha, a graduate student in that department, for their invaluable assistance in preparing these essays for publication. Finally, I want to express my ap- preciation to the members of the Florentine Mafia and to my colleagues in Berkeley’s History Department for their encouragement, their con- structive criticism, and their camaraderie over the past half-century. ix