Living Arrangements of the Unemployed Across Europe

196 Pages·2017·1.57 MB·English

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Doctoral Thesis Submitted for the Degree of
Doctor of Demography
Living Arrangements of the
Unemployed Across Europe:
How Households Protect Us From Vulnerability
Author
Pınar Ko¨ksel
Directors
Albert Esteve - In˜aki Permanyer
Tutor
Albert Esteve
UNIVERSITATAUTO´NOMADEBARCELONA
DEPARTAMENTDEGEOGRAF´IA
CENTRED’ESTUDISDEMOGRAFICS
November2017
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Fundingforthisresearchwasmadepossiblebythefollowingprojects:
WORLDFAM (Towards a Unified Analysis of World Population: Family
PatternsinMultilevelPerspective;ERC-2009-StG-240978),PI:Dr. Albert
Esteve
EQUALIZE (Equalizing or Disequalizing? Opposing Socio-demographic
Determinants of the Spatial Distribution of Welfare; ERC-2014-StG-
637768),PI:Dr. In˜akiPermanyer
CRISFAM(SpanishMinisteriodeEconom´ıayCompetitividad;CSO2015-
64713-R),PI:Dr. In˜akiPermanyer
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Lunavebabasina..
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Acknowledgments:
I would like start by expressing my sincere gratitude to Dr.Albert Es-
teve for giving me the opportunity to be a part of the Centre for Demo-
graphic Studies (CED). These years I spent in Barcelona not only led to
writing of this PhD thesis, but more importantly to various fortunate life-
changing events that helped me finally complete my transition to adult-
hood.
I feel grateful for the guidance I received throughout these years from
my supervisors Dr.Albert Esteve and Dr.In˜aki Permanyer and I would
like to acknowledge the insightful comments I received from Dr. Andreu
Domingo during my PhD Monitoring Committees. I would also like to
thank my supervisor Dr. Pau Miret during the European Doctoral School
ofDemography(EDSD)andallmyfriendsfromtheEDSDwhomademy
come back to being a student after many years not only manageable but
alsoalotoffun.
IamgratefultotheadministrativeandtechnicalstaffatCED,especially
SocoandXaviforalwaysbeingtheretohelpme. Iwouldliketothankmy
friends and colleagues for all the good memories I am taking away with
me,especiallySarahi,Antia,Fernando,Chia,Amalia,AnnaandElizabeth
for being beautiful parts of my life in Barcelona. I know that I will be
seeingyouindifferentpartsoftheworld,sothisisforsurenotagoodbye.
None of this would have been possible without the selfless love, care
and encouragement of my dear parents who are so far away but always so
close. I cannot thank them enough for feeling their support in whatever
decision I have taken in my life, moving to Barcelona being one of those.
Especially to my mother who traveled to Barcelona more than often lately
to give us a hand and make it possible for me to write the final words of
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this thesis. A big thank you to my little sister, my I wish you were here,
among millions of other things, for making me feel like I am the coolest
personinthewholeuniverse.
I have to confess honestly that I was not seeing the light at the end of
this tunnel lately if it was not for Ciganda. I do not have words to thank
himhere. Icanonlypromisetosingallourfavoritesongsagainstthewind
now. Icannotwaitforthenewadventuresaheadofus,withyouanywhere.
Finally,IguessmylittleLunadeservesabigthankyouaswell,formaking
ourlivessoupsidedownandgivingeverythinganewmeaningwithallher
intensity and beauty. Thank you for being such a good girl and helping
yourmother. Mostofthetime.
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Contents
ListofFigures xiii
ListofTables xvi
INTRODUCTION 1
1 THE FAMILY CONTEXT OF THE UNEMPLOYED IN
EUROPE: IMPLICATIONS FOR HOUSEHOLD JOBLESS-
NESS 13
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.1.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.1.2 Intergenerational Co-residence across European
Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.2 DataandMethodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.3.1 UnemploymentinJoblessHouseholdsRate . . . . 26
1.3.2 JoblessnessacrossEurope . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.3.3 Multi-levelLogisticRegressionModels . . . . . . 34
1.3.4 ProbabilityofBeinginJoblessHouseholds . . . . 35
1.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
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2 LIVINGARRANGEMENTSOFTHEYOUNGACROSSEU-
ROPEAN REGIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR HOUSEHOLD
JOBLESSNESS 45
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.2 Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2.3 LivingArrangementsoftheEuropeanYouth . . . . . . . . 48
2.4 UnemployedYouthinJoblessHouseholds . . . . . . . . . 56
2.5 ProbabilityofBeinginJoblessHouseholds . . . . . . . . 59
2.6 Who Contributes More to Keep the Unemployed Young
OutofJoblessHouseholds: ParentsorSpouses? . . . . . . 63
2.7 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3 IMPACT OF LIVING ARRANGEMENTS ON POVERTY
ANDSOCIALEXCLUSIONACROSSEUROPE 71
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3.2 MeasuringPoverty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.3 Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
3.4 UnemployedinJoblessHouseholdsacrossEurope . . . . . 81
3.5 At Risk of Poverty or Social Exclusion (AROPE) across
Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
3.5.1 AtRiskofPoverty(AROP)acrossEurope . . . . . 89
3.5.2 SevereMaterialDeprivation(SMD)acrossEurope 100
3.5.3 LowWorkIntensity(LWI)acrossEurope . . . . . 106
3.5.4 At Risk of Poverty or Social Exclusion (AROPE)
acrossEurope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
3.6 PovertybyHouseholdTypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
3.7 UnemployedPopulationsinPoverty . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
3.7.1 UnemployedinAROPHouseholdsacrossEurope . 121
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3.7.2 UnemployedinSMDHouseholdsacrossEurope . 124
3.7.3 UnemployedinLWIHouseholdsacrossEurope . . 127
3.7.4 UnemployedinAROPEHouseholdsacrossEurope 130
3.7.5 ExperienceofPovertybytheUnemployed . . . . 135
3.8 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
CONCLUSIONS 149
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