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LIVING AND WORKING IN POVERTY IN LATIN AMERICA Trajectories of Children, Youth, and Adults Edited by María Eugenia Rausky and Mariana Chaves Governance, Development, and Social Inclusion in Latin America Governance, Development, and Social Inclusion in Latin America Series Editors Rebecka Villanueva Ulfgard International Studies Instituto Mora Mexico City, Mexico César Villanueva Department of International Studies Universidad Iberoamericana Mexico City, Mexico This series seeks to go beyond a traditional focus on the virtues of intra- regional and inter-regional trade agreements, liberal economic policies, and a narrow security agenda in Latin America. Instead, titles deal with a broad range of topics related to international cooperation, global and regional governance, sustainable development and environmental cooperation, internal displacement, and social inclusion in the context of the Post-2015 Development Agenda – as well as their repercussions for public policy across the region. Moreover, the series principally focuses on new international cooperation dynamics such as South-South and triangular cooperation, knowledge sharing as a current practice, and the role of the private sector in fnancing international cooperation and development in Latin America. The series also includes topics that fall outside the traditional scope of studying cooperation and development, in this case, (in)security and forced internal displacement, cultural cooperation, and Buen Vivir among indigenous peoples and farmers in Latin America. Finally, this series welcomes titles which explore the tensions and dialogue around how to manage the imbalance between state, markets, and society with a view to re-articulating cooperation and governance dynamics in the 21st century. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/15135 María Eugenia Rausky • Mariana Chaves Editors Living and Working in Poverty in Latin America Trajectories of Children, Youth, and Adults Editors María Eugenia Rausky Mariana Chaves CONICET, Facultad de Humanidades CONICET, Facultad de Trabajo Social y Ciencias de la Educación Universidad Nacional de La Plata Universidad Nacional de La Plata La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina Governance, Development, and Social Inclusion in Latin America ISBN 978-3-030-00900-7 ISBN 978-3-030-00901-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00901-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018960400 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifcally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microflms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifc statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affliations. Cover image © lutty moreira / Alamy Stock Photo Cover design: Oscar Spigolon This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Contents 1 I ntroduction 1 María Eugenia Rausky and Mariana Chaves Part I C hildhood, Poverty and Child Labor 11 2 R esizing Children’s Work: Anthropological Notes on Mexican Girls 13 Begoña Leyra Fatou 3 F rom Childhood to Adolescence: Vulnerable Life Stories and Persistent Inequalities in Argentina Since Post- Convertibility (2003) 41 María Eugenia Rausky Part II Y outh, Poverty and Labor 69 4 W orking Lives of Youth in Poverty in Urban Argentina 71 Gonzalo Assusa and Mariana Chaves 5 W ork and Schooling in the Life Course of Poor Young People in Rio de Janeiro 99 Ana Karina Brenner and Paulo Carrano v vi CONTENTS Part III A dulthood, Poverty and Domestic Paid Work 123 6 “ You Can’t Have It All”: Patterns of Gender and Class Segregation in Paid Domestic Work in the City of Buenos Aires 125 Débora Gorbán and Ania Tizziani 7 T he Restructuring of Labor in Cuba (2008–2016) and Paid Domestic Workers: Broken or Reconstructed Labor Trajectories? 147 Magela Romero Almodovar 8 C onclusion: Final Reflections 179 María Eugenia Rausky and Mariana Chaves I ndex 185 notes on Contributors Gonzalo Assusa holds a PhD in Anthropological Sciences and is researcher at the National Scientifc and Technical Research Council (CONICET) based at the National University of Córdoba (UNC). He is a postdoctoral fellow at the Humanities Institute. He researches about the symbolic dimension of class inequalities in relation to work and consumption in Cordoba families. He is a member of the Research Program on Social Reproduction in Great Córdoba. He has publications in the feld of sociol- ogy of youth, work, public policies, and inequalities. Ana Karina Brenner holds a PhD in Education Studies and is a professor of the School of Education and the Post-Graduate Program in Education (ProPEd) at the State University of Rio de Janeiro. She is a researcher at the Observatório Jovem do Rio de Janeiro and a member of the group of studies and researches “Learning Throughout Life.” Her research topics are about youth sociology and youth and adult education, with emphasis on youth relations, political activism, and educational processes. Paulo Carrano holds a PhD in Education and is a professor of the School of Education and Post-Graduate Programs in Education and obtained his master’s degree in “Culture and Territorialities” at the Federal Fluminense University. He coordinates with the Young Observatory of Rio de Janeiro, a research group. He is a researcher and holds a “Young Scientist of our State” from the Research Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ). His research is in the feld of sociology of youth with emphasis on young people, schools, and public spaces. vii viii NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Mariana Chaves holds a PhD in Natural Sciences and is an anthropolo- gist at the National University of La Plata (UNLP). She is a professor at UNLP, Argentina. She is a researcher affliated with the National Scientifc and Technical Research Council (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científcas y Técnicas (CONICET)). She is Director of the Laboratory of Social and Cultural Studies, Faculty of Social Work, UNLP. She is also a researcher at the Center for Urban Social Research Policies and National University of Tres de Febrero. She is a member of the social organization Work of Father Cajade, in the day center Young House BA. She is involved in different research projects related to youth, public policy, inequality, and urban space. She has publications in the area of youth, inequality and daily life, cultural practices, social programs, popular sectors, ethnogra- phies, and social intervention. Débora  Gorbán is a researcher at National Scientifc and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and the National University of General Sarmiento (UNGS), Buenos Aires, Argentina. In 2009, she obtained her PhD in Social Sciences at the Universidad de Buenos Aires and her PhD in Sociology at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales in Paris. She is involved in different research projects related to women’s work, informal labor, representations of work, and inequality. Her research top- ics are related to labor transformations and their consequences on the experiences of the popular sectors, ethnographies of labor, interclass social boundaries, and conficts around inequality. Begoña Leyra Fatou holds a PhD in Social Anthropology at Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) (Spain). She obtained her master’s degree in Gender and Development at Complutense Institute for International Studies (ICEI). She obtained her bachelor’s degree in Social and Cultural Anthropology and degree in Social Work at UCM. She works as a full- time Professor in the Social Work and Social Services Department at UCM (Faculty of Social Work), and she is also Director of Gender Area and Academic Secretary at ICEI. María Eugenia Rausky holds a PhD in Social Sciences at the University of Buenos Aires. She obtained her master’s degree in Methodology of Social Sciences (National University of Tres de Febrero and University of Bologna). She is a sociologist. She is a professor at the National University of La Plata, Argentina. She is a researcher affliated with the National Scientifc and Technical Research Council. She is a co-director of the NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS ix Center for Interdisciplinary Methodology of Social Sciences at the Institute of Research of Humanities and Social Sciences (Faculty of Humanities and Educational Sciences). Her publications are in the area of poverty, child- hood, child labor, and methodology. Magela Romero Almodovar is an Auxiliar Professor and a researcher in the Department of Sociology at the University of Havana since 2005. She holds a PhD in Sociological Sciences from the University of Havana. She obtained her master’s degree in Gender Studies in 2009 and in Sociology in 2010. She graduated in Sociology in 2005 and Law in 2010. Her research is about gender, social inequalities, and paid domestic work. Ania Tizziani graduated with a degree in Sociology from the National University of Buenos Aires and then holds a PhD in Sociology from the Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne. Since 2009 she has worked as a researcher at National Scientifc and Technical Research Council (CONICET), based at the National University of General Sarmiento. Her research topics are oriented toward women’s work, including unpaid, precarious, and informal domestic work, and inequality.

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