Living and Working in Poverty in Latin America: Trajectories of Children, Youth, and Adults

190 Pages·2019·2.42 MB·English

by  María Eugenia Rausky, Mariana Chaves

LIVING AND
WORKING IN
POVERTY IN
LATIN AMERICA
Trajectories of Children,
Youth, and Adults
Edited by
María Eugenia Rausky
and Mariana Chaves
Governance, Development, and Social Inclusion in Latin America
Governance, Development, and Social Inclusion
in Latin America
Series Editors
Rebecka Villanueva Ulfgard
International Studies
Instituto Mora
Mexico City, Mexico
César Villanueva
Department of International Studies
Universidad Iberoamericana
Mexico City, Mexico
This series seeks to go beyond a traditional focus on the virtues of intra-
regional and inter-regional trade agreements, liberal economic policies, and
a narrow security agenda in Latin America. Instead, titles deal with a broad
range of topics related to international cooperation, global and regional
governance, sustainable development and environmental cooperation,
internal displacement, and social inclusion in the context of the Post-2015
Development Agenda – as well as their repercussions for public policy across
the region. Moreover, the series principally focuses on new international
cooperation dynamics such as South-South and triangular cooperation,
knowledge sharing as a current practice, and the role of the private sector in
fnancing international cooperation and development in Latin America. The
series also includes topics that fall outside the traditional scope of studying
cooperation and development, in this case, (in)security and forced internal
displacement, cultural cooperation, and Buen Vivir among indigenous
peoples and farmers in Latin America. Finally, this series welcomes titles
which explore the tensions and dialogue around how to manage the
imbalance between state, markets, and society with a view to re-articulating
cooperation and governance dynamics in the 21st century.
More information about this series at
http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/15135
María Eugenia Rausky • Mariana Chaves
Editors
Living and Working
in Poverty in Latin
America
Trajectories of Children, Youth, and Adults
Editors
María Eugenia Rausky Mariana Chaves
CONICET, Facultad de Humanidades CONICET, Facultad de Trabajo Social
y Ciencias de la Educación Universidad Nacional de La Plata
Universidad Nacional de La Plata La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Governance, Development, and Social Inclusion in Latin America
ISBN 978-3-030-00900-7 ISBN 978-3-030-00901-4 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00901-4
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018960400
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Contents
1 I ntroduction 1
María Eugenia Rausky and Mariana Chaves
Part I C hildhood, Poverty and Child Labor 11
2 R esizing Children’s Work: Anthropological Notes on
Mexican Girls 13
Begoña Leyra Fatou
3 F rom Childhood to Adolescence: Vulnerable Life Stories
and Persistent Inequalities in Argentina Since Post-
Convertibility (2003) 41
María Eugenia Rausky
Part II Y outh, Poverty and Labor 69
4 W orking Lives of Youth in Poverty in Urban Argentina 71
Gonzalo Assusa and Mariana Chaves
5 W ork and Schooling in the Life Course of Poor Young
People in Rio de Janeiro 99
Ana Karina Brenner and Paulo Carrano
v
vi CONTENTS
Part III A dulthood, Poverty and Domestic Paid Work 123
6 “ You Can’t Have It All”: Patterns of Gender and Class
Segregation in Paid Domestic Work in the City of Buenos
Aires 125
Débora Gorbán and Ania Tizziani
7 T he Restructuring of Labor in Cuba (2008–2016) and
Paid Domestic Workers: Broken or Reconstructed Labor
Trajectories? 147
Magela Romero Almodovar
8 C onclusion: Final Reflections 179
María Eugenia Rausky and Mariana Chaves
I ndex 185
notes on Contributors
Gonzalo Assusa holds a PhD in Anthropological Sciences and is researcher
at the National Scientifc and Technical Research Council (CONICET)
based at the National University of Córdoba (UNC). He is a postdoctoral
fellow at the Humanities Institute. He researches about the symbolic
dimension of class inequalities in relation to work and consumption in
Cordoba families. He is a member of the Research Program on Social
Reproduction in Great Córdoba. He has publications in the feld of sociol-
ogy of youth, work, public policies, and inequalities.
Ana Karina Brenner holds a PhD in Education Studies and is a professor
of the School of Education and the Post-Graduate Program in Education
(ProPEd) at the State University of Rio de Janeiro. She is a researcher at
the Observatório Jovem do Rio de Janeiro and a member of the group of
studies and researches “Learning Throughout Life.” Her research topics
are about youth sociology and youth and adult education, with emphasis
on youth relations, political activism, and educational processes.
Paulo Carrano holds a PhD in Education and is a professor of the School
of Education and Post-Graduate Programs in Education and obtained his
master’s degree in “Culture and Territorialities” at the Federal Fluminense
University. He coordinates with the Young Observatory of Rio de Janeiro,
a research group. He is a researcher and holds a “Young Scientist of our
State” from the Research Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro
(FAPERJ). His research is in the feld of sociology of youth with emphasis
on young people, schools, and public spaces.
vii
viii NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS
Mariana Chaves holds a PhD in Natural Sciences and is an anthropolo-
gist at the National University of La Plata (UNLP). She is a professor at
UNLP, Argentina. She is a researcher affliated with the National Scientifc
and Technical Research Council (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones
Científcas y Técnicas (CONICET)). She is Director of the Laboratory of
Social and Cultural Studies, Faculty of Social Work, UNLP. She is also a
researcher at the Center for Urban Social Research Policies and National
University of Tres de Febrero. She is a member of the social organization
Work of Father Cajade, in the day center Young House BA. She is involved
in different research projects related to youth, public policy, inequality,
and urban space. She has publications in the area of youth, inequality and
daily life, cultural practices, social programs, popular sectors, ethnogra-
phies, and social intervention.
Débora  Gorbán is a researcher at National Scientifc and Technical
Research Council (CONICET) and the National University of General
Sarmiento (UNGS), Buenos Aires, Argentina. In 2009, she obtained her
PhD in Social Sciences at the Universidad de Buenos Aires and her PhD in
Sociology at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales in Paris.
She is involved in different research projects related to women’s work,
informal labor, representations of work, and inequality. Her research top-
ics are related to labor transformations and their consequences on the
experiences of the popular sectors, ethnographies of labor, interclass social
boundaries, and conficts around inequality.
Begoña Leyra Fatou holds a PhD in Social Anthropology at Complutense
University of Madrid (UCM) (Spain). She obtained her master’s degree in
Gender and Development at Complutense Institute for International
Studies (ICEI). She obtained her bachelor’s degree in Social and Cultural
Anthropology and degree in Social Work at UCM. She works as a full-
time Professor in the Social Work and Social Services Department at UCM
(Faculty of Social Work), and she is also Director of Gender Area and
Academic Secretary at ICEI.
María Eugenia Rausky holds a PhD in Social Sciences at the University
of Buenos Aires. She obtained her master’s degree in Methodology of
Social Sciences (National University of Tres de Febrero and University of
Bologna). She is a sociologist. She is a professor at the National University
of La Plata, Argentina. She is a researcher affliated with the National
Scientifc and Technical Research Council. She is a co-director of the
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS ix
Center for Interdisciplinary Methodology of Social Sciences at the Institute
of Research of Humanities and Social Sciences (Faculty of Humanities and
Educational Sciences). Her publications are in the area of poverty, child-
hood, child labor, and methodology.
Magela Romero Almodovar is an Auxiliar Professor and a researcher in
the Department of Sociology at the University of Havana since 2005. She
holds a PhD in Sociological Sciences from the University of Havana. She
obtained her master’s degree in Gender Studies in 2009 and in Sociology
in 2010. She graduated in Sociology in 2005 and Law in 2010. Her
research is about gender, social inequalities, and paid domestic work.
Ania Tizziani graduated with a degree in Sociology from the National
University of Buenos Aires and then holds a PhD in Sociology from the
Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne. Since 2009 she has worked as a
researcher at National Scientifc and Technical Research Council
(CONICET), based at the National University of General Sarmiento.
Her research topics are oriented toward women’s work, including unpaid,
precarious, and informal domestic work, and inequality.