Liver Pathology and Alcohol

621 Pages·1991·13.44 MB·English

by  Barry J. Potter (auth.)

Liver Pathology and Alcohol
• Liver Pathology and Alcohol, 1991
• Drug and Alcohol Abuse Prevention, 1990
Liver Pathology
and Alcohol
Edited by
Ronald R. Watson
University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Copyright e 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Humana Presa Inc in 1991
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1991
AII righls in any form whatsoever reserved.
No part of this book may ba reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or tlClllsmitted in
any form or by any means (electronic, mectlanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording,
or otherwise) without written permission from the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Liver Pathology and Alcoholledited by Ronald R. Watson.
p. cm. - (Drug and alcohol abuse reviews)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4612-6755-3 ISBN 978-1-4612-0421-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4612-0421-3
1. Alcoholic liver diseases. 1. Watson, Ronald R. (Ronald Ross)
II. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Uver--patllology. W1700 L78381]
RC848.A42l581991
616.3'62--dc20
DNLMIOLC
for Library of Congress
91-20879
CIP
Contents
viii Preface
ix Contributors
1 Alcohol and Hepatic Iron Homeostasis
Barry J. Potter
61 The Pathogenesis of Inflammation in Alcoholic
Liver Disease
F. Joseph Roll
91 Liver Cell Membrane Adaptation to Chronic
Alcohol Consumption
Hagai Rottenberg
117 The Effect of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
on y-Glutamyl Transpeptidase
Edward Reyes
133 Free Radicals and Alcohol Liver Injury
Lester A. Reinke and Paul B. McCay
169 Effects of Ethanol on Glutathione Metabolism
Mack C. Mitchell, David S. Raiford, and
Ariane Mallat
195 Liver Cancer: Role of Alcohol and Other Factors
Siraj I. Mufti
221 Alcohol and Hepatic Protein Modification
Renee C. Lin and Lawrence Lumeng
v
vi Contents
241 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters, Alcohol, and Liver Changes
Puran S. Bora and Louis G. Lange
259 Ethanol, Lipoprotein, Metabolism, and Fatty Liver
M. R. Lakshman, Stuart J. Chirtel, and
Pradeep Ghosh
287 Effect of Ethanol on Splanchnic Blood Flow
Edward T. Knych
309 Interaction of Ethanol and the Glucocorticoids:
Effects on Hepatic Gene Expression
Rolf F. Kletzien
325 Genetic and Dietary Control of Alcohol
Degradation in Drosophila: Role in Cell Damage
Billy W. Geer, Robert R. Miller, Jr., and
Pieter W. H. Heinstra
375 Human Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Expression:
Retinoic Acid Homeostasis and Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome
Gregg Duester
403 Influence of Ethanol on Functional and Biochemical
Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle
William E. Sonntag, Rhonda L. Boyd,
Anselm D'Costa, and Charles R. Breese
425 Alcohol and Liver Damage: Xanthine Oxidase
Thomas M. Soranno and Lester G. Sultatos
441 Polymorph isms of Alcohol and Aldehyde
Dehydrogenases and Their Significance for
Alcohol Liver Diseases
Akira Yoshida and Akitaka Shibuya
Contents vii
467 Effects of Alcohol and Cocaine Abuse on the
Antioxidant Systems, Nutritional Status,
and Liver Damage
Olalekan E. Odeleye and Ronald R. Watson
513 Caffeine Metabolism:Disposition in Liver Disease
and Hepatic-Function Testing
Charles P. Denaro and Neal L. Benowitz
541 Marijuana, Liver Enzymes, and Toxicity
Lester M. Bornheim
563 In Vivo Microscopy of the Effects of Ethanol
on the Liver
Robert S. McCuskey
575 Interrelationships Between the Brain and the Liver
David H. Van Thiel and Ralph E. Tarter
593 Morphine and Liver Damage
Louis Shuster
617 Index
Preface
Alcohol and other drugs of abuse are major contributing
factors to liver disease and its pathology. Alcoholic cirrhosis
causes thousands of deaths each year in the United States,
and encourages liver replacement. A better understanding of
the mechanisms of liver pathology will significantly aid basic
researchers and physicians in treating and preventing liver
damage.
This book is designed especially for those researchers
wishing to understand alcoholic liver disease. Therefore the
role of alcohol in changing nutrition and its nutritional effects
on liver disease are reviewed.
The generation of free radicals during alcohol use has
been found to be an important cause of membrane changes,
of cancer development, and of lipid alterations-and thus of
liver pathology. In addition to alcohol, other drugs of abuse,
including morphine, cocaine, marijuana, and caffeine have also
been shown to be significant contributors to liver pathology.
The prevalence of drug and alcohol use and abuse today
means that liver disease will continue as a major social and
medical problem. The explanation of its biological origins
cannot fail to help us better understand and treat the disease
in the years to come.
Ronald R. Watson
viii
Contributors
Neal L. Benowitz • Department of Medicine, University
of California, San Francisco, CA
Puran S. Bora • Department of Medicine, Jewish
Hospital of Sf. Louis at the Washington University
Medical Center, Sf. Louis, MO
Lester M. Bornheim • Department of Pharmacology
and the Liver Center, University of California,
San Francisco, CA
Rhonda L. Boyd • Department of Physiology and
Pharmacology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine
of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
Charles R. Breese • Department of Physiology and
Pharmacology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine
of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
Stuart J. Chirtel • VA Medical Center, Washington, DC
and Department of Medicine, George Washington
University, Washington, DC
Anselm D'Costa • Department of Physiology and
Pharmacology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine
of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
Charles P. Denaro • Department of Medicine,
University of California, San Francisco, CA
Gregg Duester· Department of Biochemistry, Colorado
State University, Fort Collins, CO
Billy W. Geer • Department of Biology, Knox College,
Galesburg, IL
ix
x Contributors
Pradeep Ghosh· VA Medical Center, Washington, DC
and Department of Medicine, George Washington
University, Washington, DC
Pieter W. H. Heinstra • Department of Biochemistry,
Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
Rolf F. Kletzien • Department of Biological Sciences,
Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI
Edward T. Knych • Department of Pharmacology,
School of Medicine, University of Minnesota,
Duluth, MN
M. R. Lakshman· VA Medical Center, Washington DC
and Department of Medicine, George Washington
University, Washington, DC
Louis G. Lange • Department of Medicine, Jewish
Hospital of Sf. Louis at the Washington University
Medical Center, Sf. Louis, MO
Renee C. Lin • Departments of Medicine and
Biochemistry, Indiana University School of Medicine,
and Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center,
Indianapolis, IN
Lawrence Lumeng • Departments of Medicine and
Biochemistry, Indiana University School of Medicine,
and Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center,
Indianapolis, IN
Ariane Mallat • Department of Medicine, The Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
Paul B. McCay· Oklahoma Medical Research
Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
Robert S. McCuskey • Departments of Anatomy and
Physiology, College of Medicine, University of
Arizona, Tucson,)LZ
Robert R. Miller, Jr. • Department of Biology, Knox
College, Galesburg, IL
Mack C. Mitchell • Department of Medicine, The Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD