(liver disorder) - a scientific review

20 Pages·2012·0.23 MB·English

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Bidhan Mahajon & Remadevi R: Folk Medicine For Yakrit Vikaara (Liver Disorder)-A Scientific Review
tomedicines (medicinal plants or herbal popularity in recent years because of their
drugs) are now used for the prevention and safety, efficacy and cost effectiveness. In
treatment of liverdisorders3. spite of tremendous strides in modern
Liver is one of the busiest organs medicine, there are hardly any drugs that
of body. Liver has a pivotal role in regula- stimulate liver function, offer protection to
tion of physiological processes. From the liver from damage or help regeneration
manufacturing of bile for digestion to of hepatic cell. Many formulations con-
eliminating toxins from the body, the taining herbal extracts are sold in the In-
liver performs more than 500 different dian market for liver disorders. But man-
functions4. Furthermore, detoxification of agement of liver disorders by a simple and
a variety of drugs and xenobiotics occurs precise herbal drug is still an intriguing
in liver. The bile secreted by the liver has problem. Hence, there is an ever increasing
an important role in digestion. Unfortu- need for safe hepatoprotective herbal
nately, with modern-day lifestyle (in- agent14. Several Indian medicinal plants
creased junk food consumption, heavy have been extensively used in the Indian
drinking, incessant smoking, skyrocket- traditional system of medicine for the
ing stress levels and self- management of liver disorder. Some of
medication), liver diseases are emerging these plants have already been reported as
rapidly5. Liver diseases can be classified strong antioxidant agent. Keeping all these
as acute or chronic hepatitis (inflammatory facts on the background present study was
liver diseases), hepatosis (non inflamma- undertaken to document the folk practices
tory diseases) and cirrhosis (degenerative available for liver disorder. All related
disorder resulting in fibrosis of the liver). books; Journal and internet data were ana-
Liver diseases are mainly caused by toxic lyzed. Study showed some of these prac-
chemicals (certain antibiotics, chemot- tices are scientifically proved and some are
herapeutics, peroxidised oil, aflatoxin, car- yet to be proved.
bon-tetrachloride, chlorinated hydrocar- METHODOLOGY AND RESULT: Re-
bons etc.), excess consumption of alcohol, lated books, Journal and internet resources
infections and autoimmune disorder. Most were used for data collection. The folk
of the hepatotoxic chemicals damage liver remedies commonly used by the various
cells mainly by inducing lipid peroxidation communities for liver disorder were
and other oxidative damages6-10. Enhanced documented along with available scientific
lipid peroxidation produced during the data of related use.
liver microsomal metabolism of ethanol Table-1, Folk medicine for liver disor-
may result in hepatitis and cirrhosis11-13. der used by the various tribal communi-
Herbal drugs have gained importance and ties:
Sl Name of the Local or Traditional Scientific analysis
n plant Ayurvedic uses
o. Name
1. Acacia cat- Khadira Heart wood Ethyl acetate extract exhibited significant
echu (L.f.) (Ay) decoction hepatoprotective activity52.
Willd. used for
(Mimosaceae) liver disor-
der1.
2. Abrus preca- Gunja Decoction Hydroalcoholic extract possesses signifi-
torius (Ay) of plant cant hepatoprotective activity53.
1829 www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 3; Issue6;June-2015
Bidhan Mahajon & Remadevi R: Folk Medicine For Yakrit Vikaara (Liver Disorder)-A Scientific Review
L.(Fabaceae) taken orally
for hepati-
tis51.
3. Acacia leuco- Kadara One tea- Hydro alcoholic extract showed signifi-
phloea (Ay) spoonful cant hepatoprotective activity54.
(Roxb.) Willd. root-powder
(Mimosaceae) is taken
with a cup
of water to
cure jaun-
dice46.
4. Achyranthes Apamarga(A Powder Methanol extract from aerial parts of
aspera L. y) from dried plant exhibited significant hepatoprotec-
(Amarantha- seeds with tive effect55.
cea) some sugar
crystals is
dissolved in
water and
given twice
daily to cure
jaundice15.
5. Aegle mar- Vilva (Ay) Pulp of un- Aqueous extracts of Vilva fruits pulp and
melos (L.) ripe fruit is seeds are effective in the treatment and
corrêa. (Ruta- mixed with prevention of CCl -induced hepatic cy-
4
ceae) pickled totoxicity56.
mango
(Mangifera
indica L.)
and lemon
(Citrus
aruntifolia
S.W) given
orally for
jaundice15.
6. Aloe bar- Kumari (Ay) Kumari Aqueous extract of Aloe barbadensis is
badensis Mill. pulp mixed significantly capable of restoring integ-
(Liliaceae) with zinger rity of hepatocytes57.
and black
salt used for
liver disor-
der16.
7. Andrographis Dontarala- Whole plant No studies are available regarding this
echioides (L.) aku decoction use.
Nees (AP) used to cure
(Acanthaceae) Liver dis-
ease17.
8. Andrographis Bhunimba Leaf or root Aqueous leaf extract showed significant
paniculata (Ay) decoction hepatoprotective effects58.
(Burm.f.) filtered and
Nees (Acan- adminis-
thaceae) tered for
1830 www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 3; Issue6;June-2015
Bidhan Mahajon & Remadevi R: Folk Medicine For Yakrit Vikaara (Liver Disorder)-A Scientific Review
liver disor-
der17.
9. Apium Ajamoda Seeds of A. Study reported, the significant hepato-
graveolens L. (Ay) graveolens protectiveactivity of methanolic extract
(Apiaceae) used for the of seeds59.
treatment of
liver and
spleen dis-
orders,
jaundice18.
10. Argemone Svarnakshiri Decoction Aqueous extract of whole plant possesses
Mexicana L. (Ay) of the significant hepato-protective activity60.
(Papav- leaves is
eraceae) taken inter-
nally to cure
Hepatitis51.
11. Asparagus Shatavari Root extract Hepatoprotective activity of ethanol ex-
racemosus (Ay) mixed with tract of plant against paracetamol
Willd. (Lili- milk after induced hepatic damage in albino rats
aceae) boiling it, was observed61.
one spoon-
ful of this
consumed
with honey
per day to
cure jaun-
dice15.
12. Bacopa mon- Brahmi (Ay) Whole plant Methanolic extract of leaves posses
nieri (L.) is used for hepatoprotective activity and can render
Wettst. (Scro- the treat- protection against alcohol-CCl4 induced
phularaceae) ment of toxicity62.
jaundice,
liver dis-
eases,
spleen dis-
orders, and
digestive
problems19,
20.
13. Balanites ae- Ingudi (Ay) The bark, Alcohol extract of B. aegyptiaca bark
gyptiaca (L.) unripe posses hepatoprotective activity and can
Delile (Zygo- fruits, and render protection against alcohol-CCl4
phyllaceae) leaves of induced toxicity63.
the B. ae-
gyptiaca are
used in folk
medicine
for the
treatment of
jaundice,
liver disor-
1831 www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 3; Issue6;June-2015
Bidhan Mahajon & Remadevi R: Folk Medicine For Yakrit Vikaara (Liver Disorder)-A Scientific Review
ders21.
14. Benincasa Kushmanda( Water The hepatoprotective action of aqueous
hispida Ay) boiled fruit extract has reported64.
(Thunb.) extract is
Cogn. taken orally
for curing
hepatitis51.
15. Beta vulgaris Beet root Root used Ethanolic extract of root showed hepato-
L. in tradi- proctective action against CCl4-induced
(Chenopodi- tional medi- hepatic damage in rats65.
aceae) cine for a
wide range
of diseases
including
spleen and
liver prob-
lems and
inflamma-
tory disor-
ders 22, 23.
16. Boerhavia Punarnava Root paste Alcoholic extract of whole plant exhib-
diffusa L. (Ay) mixed with ited hepatoprotective activity against
(Nyctagina- water used CCl4 hepatotoxicity in rats and mice66.
ceae ) in Liver
diseases.
About one
cup of de-
coction of
leaves is
given twice
a day to
cure Jaun-
dice till
cure15.
17. Bridelia stipu- Leikongron Leaf juice is No scientific data available regarding
laris(L.) (Manipuri) applied in- this use.
Blume (Eu- ternally to
phorbiaceaea) cure hepati-
tis51.
18. Cajanus cajan Kesari Leaf extract Hydroalcoholic extract of the ae-
(L.) Millsp. is taken as rial part ofplant exhibited
(Fabaceae) raw inter- hepatoprotective
nally action67.
against
hepatitis51.
19. Camellia Shyamaparni Camellia Aqueous extract of leaves protects the
sinensis (L.) (Ay) sinensis liver from carbon-tetrachloride-induced
Kuntze Linn. is the damage68.
(Theaceae) second most
commonly
used herb
1832 www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 3; Issue6;June-2015
Bidhan Mahajon & Remadevi R: Folk Medicine For Yakrit Vikaara (Liver Disorder)-A Scientific Review
by Saudi
population
for liver
problems24.
20. Canavalia Adavithamba Root paste Root extract protects the liver from se-
gladiata (AP) (20 gm) vere damage caused by D-GalN69.
(Jacq.) DC. given along
( Fabaceae) with rice
gravel for 2
to 3 days to
cure
enlargement
of liver17.
21. Carica pa- Papita(Ay) Ripe fruits Ethanol and aqueous extracts of fruit
paya L. are pre- showed hepatoprotective effect70.
Caricaceae scribed for
Hepatitis51.
22. Chassalia Vanya sar- Root is used No studies are available regarding this
curviflora pakshi (Ay) to cure use.
(Wall.) jaundice by
Thwaites Kani tribes
(Rubiaceae) of Kerala45.
23. Citrus auran- Nimbuka Juice of one Fruit extract proved as hepatoprotective
tifolia (Ay) fruit mixed agent against Aflatoxin B1 induced hepa-
(Christm.) with sugar, totoxicity
Swingle (Ru- in a glass of
taceae) water and
consumed
thrice a day
to cure
jaundice15.
24. Clitoria ter- Aparajita The leaves, Recent study proved the hepatoprotective
natea L. (Ay) seeds, and effect of leafextract71.
(Fabaceae) flowers are
used in tra-
ditional
medicine
for liver
diseases25.
25. Curcuma Haridra It has been Ethanol extract showed Hepatoprotective
longa L. (Ay) widely used effect against thioacetamide induced
(Zingib- in Asian liver cirrhosis in rats72.
eraceae) traditional
medicine
for loss of
appetite,
jaundice,
liver prob-
lems and
gall bladder
disorders26,
1833 www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 3; Issue6;June-2015
Bidhan Mahajon & Remadevi R: Folk Medicine For Yakrit Vikaara (Liver Disorder)-A Scientific Review
27.
26. Cuscuta re- Amarvel Decoction Ethanol extract of whole plant proved as
flexa Roxb. (Ay) of whole hepatoprotective drug73.
(Cuscutaceae) plant is
taken inter-
nally for
Hepatitis51.
27. Dracaena Manjakantha Root used No studies are available regarding this
terniflora for jaun- use.
Roxb. dice46.
(Agavaceae)
28. Eclipta alba Bhringaraja Leaf juice As a single drug is already proved as
(L.) Hassk. (Ay) mixed in hepato protective but no study is avail-
(Asteraceae) jaggery and able regarding this formulation as hepa-
40 gm pow- toprotective.
der of Piper
nigrum, ad-
vised to
consume
with spoon-
ful honey
two times
daily15.
29. Ensete super- Kamakshi 3 gm of No study is available on this formulation
bum (Roxb.) (Ay) seeds of
Cheesman Brassica
(Musaceae). juncea (L.)
crushed in
fruit and
consumed a
week to
cure Jaun-
dice15.
30. Euphorbia Snuhi (Ay) Two drops Plants having hepatoprotectve action but
nerifolia L of latex with Jaggery yet to be analyse.
(Euphor- with jaggery
biaceae ) is taken at
morning
only for few
days15.
31. Ficus carica Falgu (Ay) The plant Leaves and fruits are already proved as
L. (Moraceae) has been hepatoprotective agent.
widely used
for the
treatment of
liver dis-
eases28, 29.
32. Gardenia res- Dikamali A spoonful Study not available
inifera Roth. (Ay) of powder
(Rubiaceae) (Gum exu-
dates)
1834 www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 3; Issue6;June-2015
Bidhan Mahajon & Remadevi R: Folk Medicine For Yakrit Vikaara (Liver Disorder)-A Scientific Review
mixed in
sugar and
consumed
daily till
cure hepatic
disorders15.
33. Garcinia pe- Brikshamla Young Study on dry fruit for hepatoprotective
dunculata (Ay) fruits are activity is already documented but effect
Roxb.ex taken as raw of young raw fruit yet to be explored.
Buch.-Ham. to get cure
(Clusiaceae) from hepati-
tis51.
34. Gossypium Karpasam One spoon- No study is available regarding this use.
herbaceum L. (Ay) ful of leaf
(Malvaceae) juice drunk
with honey
twice a day
to cure he-
patic disor-
der15.
35. Gynura Terapaibi Juice ex- Study yet to be proved
cusimbua (Manipuri) tracted from
(D.Don.) succulent
S.Moore stems and
(Asteraceae) leaves are
taken orally
during
Hepatitis51.
36. Hedyotis Long- Whole plant Study yet to be proved
auricularia L. bankaukha Decoction
(Rubiaceae) (Manipuri) taken inter-
nally for
hepatitis51.
37. Juniperus Hapusa(Ay) The resin of Different fraction obtained from the ae-
procera J. procera rial parts of showed significant activity
Hochst. Ex in combina- as hepatoprotective74.
Endl. tion with
(Cupres- honey is
saceae) also used as
cure for
liver dis-
eases and
ulcers30.
38. Lantana Caturangi Decoction Several studies have documented this
camara (Ay) of flowering plant as a hepatotoxic agent but effect of
L.(Verbenace tips taken flowering tips yet to be proved.
ae) internally
during
hepatitis51.
39. Lawsonia in- Madayantika A spoonful Water extract of the plant proved as
ermis L. (Ly- (Ay) of leaf juice hepatoprotective75.
1835 www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 3; Issue6;June-2015
Bidhan Mahajon & Remadevi R: Folk Medicine For Yakrit Vikaara (Liver Disorder)-A Scientific Review
thracea) is consumed
daily till
cure the
jaundice15.
40. Lepidium sa- Chandrashur Various Seed extract proved as hepatoprotective
tivum L. a parts of agent
(Cruciferae) (Ay) plant have
been used
for the
treatment of
jaundice,
liver prob-
lems and
spleen dis-
eases40.
41. Leucas aspera Dronapuspi Decoction Study proved whole plant and leaf sepa-
(Willd.)Link (Ay) of whole rately as hepatoprotective.
Lamiaceae plant is
taken inter-
nally in
Hepatitis51.
42. Luffa acuten- Koshataki Powdered Study yet to be proved
gula (L.) (Ay) fruit is
Roxb. (Cu- smelled as
curebitace) snuff to
cure the
jaundice15.
43. Moringa Shigru(Ay) The leaves, Almost all part has already proved but
oleifera Lam. flowers, effect of gum yet to be explored.
(Morin- root, gums,
gaceae) fruit, and
seed used
for the
treatment of
liver dis-
ease31.
44. Mentha spi- Pudina (Ay) Leaf juice Study yet to be proved
cata L. (La- about half
miaceae) Cup, is
given at
morning
and evening
for hepatic
disorder15.
45. Mimosa pu- Lajjalu(Ay) Decoction Root and leaves extracts proved as hepa-
dica L. (Mi- of root (3 to toprotective in animal model.
mosaceae) 4 gm) given
along with
honey in
chronic
liver prob-
1836 www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 3; Issue6;June-2015
Bidhan Mahajon & Remadevi R: Folk Medicine For Yakrit Vikaara (Liver Disorder)-A Scientific Review
lem15.
46. Musa paradi- Kadali (Ay) Extract of Leaves and stem extracts proved as hepa-
siaca L. stem parts is toprotective agent
(Musaceae) taken orally
during
Hepatitis51.
47. Mussaenda Shriparni Juice of Various leaves extracts has proved as
glabrata (Ay) fresh leaves hepatoprotective action in animal study.
(Hook.f.).Hut is taken in-
ch. ternally dur-
ex Gamble ing Hepati-
(Rubiaceae) tis51.
48. Nigella sativa Krishna- According Various recent studies have proved its
L. jeeraka to Islamic seed extract and seed oil effected against
(Ranuncu- (Ay) and Arab hepatotoxicity.
laceae) literature,
black seed
is one of the
most power-
ful herbal
drugs used
as liver ton-
ics and
remedy for
jaundice32,
33.
49. Nyctanthes Parijata Decoction Study yet to be explored. (Bark and leaf
arbour-tristris (Ay) of root already proved)
L. (Oleaceae) given inter-
nally in
Hepatitis51.
50. Nymphoides Neyaambel Paste of Study not available
indica (L.) (M) whole plant
Kuntze Men- is used in
yanthaceae Hepatitis51.
51. Ocimum sanc- Tulashi(Ay) Juice of Alcoholic leaves extracts has proved as
tum L. (La- fresh leaves hepatoprotective agent76.
miaceae) about one
spoonful is
given twice
daily for a
10 days in
chronic
liver prob-
lem15.
52. Paspalum Kaudravam( Plant is Several studies have proved the plant as
scrobiculatum Ay) used for in- a hepatoprotective.
L. flammation
(Poaceae) and disorder
of liver.
53. Pergularia Uttamarani In tradi- Aqueous and ethanolic extract of the
1837 www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 3; Issue6;June-2015