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H Methods of Cancer a y a t ( E Diagnosis, Therapy, d . ) and Prognosis 5 Volume 5 1 Liver Cancer M e t h o d s o f C a n c e r D i a g n o s i s , T h e r a p y , M.A. Hayat a n d Editor P r o g AB 3 n o s i s Liver Cancer Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis Volume 5 For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/8172 Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis Volume 5 Liver Cancer Edited by M.A. Hayat Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, Union, NJ, USA Editor M.A. Hayat Department of Biological Sciences Kean University Union, NJ, USA ISBN 978-1-4020-9803-1 e-ISBN 978-1-4020-9804-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008930172 © 2009 Springer Science + Business Media B.V. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microﬁ lming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied speciﬁ cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper springer.com New technology, for better or for worse, will be used, as that is our nature. Lewis Thomas You have been given the key that opens the gates of heaven; the same key opens the gates of hell. Writing at the entrance to a Buddhist temple Authors and Co-Authors of Volume 5 Maria I. Altbach Oliver F. Bathe Department of Radiology, University Department of Surgery and Oncology, of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Tucson, AZ 85724, USA Center, 1331 29th Street, N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada Tsutomu Araki Department of Radiology, University Andrew K. Burroughs of Yamanashi, 1110 Simokato, Royal Free Hospital, Liver Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Medicine, Pond Street, London NW3 Rebecca Auer 2QG, UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ann F. Chambers 501 Smyth Road, 7NE Department of Medical Biophysics, Cancer Assessment Clinic, Ottawa, London Regional Cancer Program, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada 790 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 4L6 Kazuo Awai Kumamoto University, Frédéric Charlotte School of Medicine, Service d’Anatomie Pathologie, Department of Radiology, GH La Pitié-Salpetrière, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860, Boulevard de l’hôpital, 75013 Paris, Japan France Yuji Baba Chiung-Nien Chen Kumamoto University, School of Departments of Oncology and Internal Medicine, Department of Radiology, Medicine, National Taiwan University 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860, Hospital, 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Japan Taipei, Taiwan, 10002 vii viii Authors and Co-Authors of Volume 5 Ann-Lii Cheng Kevin C. Graham Departments of Oncology and Internal Department of Medical Biophysics, Medicine, National Taiwan University London Regional Cancer Program, 790 Hospital, 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Commissioners Road East, London, Taipei, Taiwan, 10002 Ontario, Canada, N6A 4L6 Byung Ihn Choi Kenichi Harada Department of Radiology, Seoul National Department of Human Pathology, University College of Medicine 28, Kanazawa University Graduate School Yongon dong Chongno-gu, Seoul, of Medicine, Takaramachi 13-1, 110-744, Korea Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan Eva Compérat Service d’Anatomie Pathologie, Michiyo Higashi GH La Pitié-Salpetrière, Boulevard Department of Human Pathology, de l’hôpital, 75013 Paris, Field of Oncology, Kagoshima University France Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, N. Davies Kagoshima, 890-8544, Royal Free Hospital, Liver Japan Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Medicine, Pond Street, Bert Hildebrandt London NW3 2QG, UK Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charite-Universitatmedizin Berlin, Timm Denecke Klinik fur Strahlenheilkonde und PET Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Zentrum Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Charite-Universitatmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany Klinik fur Strahlenheilkonde und PET Zentrum Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Seung-Mo Hong Berlin 13353, Department of Surgery and Cancer Germany Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1255 Light Hall, 2215 Garland Yuman Fong Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, Department of Surgery, Memorial USA Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical Center 1275 York Avenue, Chiun Hsu New York, NY 10021, USA Departments of Oncology and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Masamichi Goto Hospital, 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Department of Human Pathology, Taipei, Taiwan, 10002 Field of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Damien Huglo Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Service de Chirurgie Digestive Kagoshima, 890-8544, et Transplantation, Hôpital Huriez, Japan 59037 Lille Cedex, France Authors and Co-Authors of Volume 5 ix Tomoaki Ichikawa Amir H. Khandani Department of Radiology, University Director, Nuclear Medicine Residency of Yamanashi, 1110 Simokato, Chuo, and Fellowship Director, PET Services Yamanhashi, 409-3898, Japan Department of Radiology UNC School of Medicine, B113 POB, Hiroko Ikeda CB7510 Chapel Hill, Department of Human Pathology, NC 27599-7510 Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Takaramachi 13-1, Se Hyung Kim Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine 28, Kazuo Inui Yongon dong Chongno-gu, Seoul, Department of Internal Medicine, 110-744, Korea Second University Hospital, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 3-6-10, Shigeru Kiryu Otobashi, Nakagawa-ku, Department of Radiology, Nagoya 454-8509, Japan Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Masayuki Kanematsu Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Department of Radiology Services, 108-8639, Japan Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan Yasuhiro Kuramitsu Yamaguchi University Graduate Koichi Kawanaka School of Medicine, Department Kumamoto University, School of Biochemistry and Functional of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Proteomics, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860, Japan Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan Kwong-Ming Kee Division of Hepatogastroenterology, James C. Lacefield Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial London Regional Cancer Program, Hospital, 123 Taipei Road, 790 Commissioners Road East, London, Niaosung 833, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Ontario, Canada, N6A 4L6 Kengo Yoshimitsu Francesca Lodato Department of Clinical Radiology, Royal Free Hospital, Liver Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Medicine, Pond Street, London NW3 Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan 2QG, UK x Authors and Co-Authors of Volume 5 Enrique Lopez-Hänninen Isabella Mosberger Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Department of Clinical Pathology, Charite-Universitatmedizin Berlin, Klinik Medical University of Vienna, fur Strahlenheilkonde und PET Zentrum Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria Berlin 13353, Germany Thomas Moser Sheng-Nan Lu Service de Radiologie, Pavillon Clovis Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Vincent, Hôpital Civil, 1 Place de Department of Internal Medicine, l’Hôpital, 6700 Strasbourg, France Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Joachim Mössner Hospital, 123 Taipei Road, Department of Internal Medicine II, Niaosung 833, Kaohsiung, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal- Taiwan Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Junji Machi Germany 405 N. Kuakini Street, Suite 601, Takamichi Murakami Honolulu, HI 96817, USA Department of Radiology, Osaka Houman Mahallati University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Surgery and Oncology, D1, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-city, Osaka, University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer 565 0871, Japan Center, 1331 29th Street, N.W., Kohji Nagata Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada Department of Human Pathology, Kwan Man Field of Oncology, Kagoshima Center for the Study of Liver Disease and University Graduate School of Department of Surgery, The University Medical and Dental Sciences, of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, L9-55, Building 21, Sassoon Road, 890-8544, Japan Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Republic of China Hideji Nakamura Vincenzo Migaleddu Division of Heptobiliary and Pancreatic Sardinian Mediterranean Imaging Group, Medicine, Department of Internal via Gorizia no. 11, Sassari 07100, Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Sardinia, Italy Mukogawa-cho, 1-Ishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan Hironao Miyoshi Department of Internal Medicine, Second Hironobu Nakamura University Hospital, Fujita Health Department of Radiology, Osaka University School of Medicine, 3-6-10, University Graduate School of Medicine Otobashi, Nakagawa-ku, D1, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-city, Osaka, Nagoya 454-8509, Japan 565 0871, Japan