Littera Antiqua nr 10

322 Pages·2017·11.09 MB·English

Littera Antiqua
nr 10 (2015)
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Greek Manuscript of 1st Corinthians 13

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ISSN 2082-9264
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Littera Antiqua

Instytut Filologii Klasycznej
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Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
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Al. Racławickie 14
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20-950 Lublin

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t Redaktor naczelny

n dr Katarzyna Kołakowska n
tel. [phone]
e-mail: [email protected]
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Zastępca redaktora naczelnego

dr Iwona Wieżel t
tel. [phone]
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e-mail: [email protected]
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Sekretarz redakcji l
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dr Lesław Łesyk .
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e-mail: [email protected]
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Redaktor językowy

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dr Lech Giemza
e-mail: [email protected]

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Sylwia Wilczewska
e-mail: [email protected]

Redaktor tematyczny
dr hab. Ewa Osek
e-mail: [email protected]
SP I S TREŚCI

ARTYKUŁY
Katarzyna Kołakowska – Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II u
aGreek manuscripts in Poland. Part I: Kraków, Toruń, Elbląg ............................................... 4-24

Ewa Osek – Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
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The Orphic Diet ................................................................................................................. 25-200
q Dariusz Piasecki – Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
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Modlitwa Chrystusa w Centonach homeryckich ............................................................. 201-210

i Apostolos Athanassakis - The University of California, Santa Barbara t
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Who sang the Orphic Hymns? ......................................................................................... 211-217

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Edyta Gryksa - Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach
Śmierć jako pietas erga patriam w historiografii starożytnego Rzymu ......................... 218-228
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Łukasz Halida – Uniwersytet Jagielloński a
Color affectus jako źródło semantycznej ewolucji terminu pietas ................................. 229-241

Dannu Hütwohl – The Ohio State University
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Pindar of Thebes: The Orphic Mystagogue .................................................................... 242-260
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Dariusz Kubok – Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach
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rAllocriticism and Autocriticism in the Views of Xenophanes of Colophon ................... 261-281

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Patrycja Matusiak – Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach

Devotio Decjuszy jako exemplum republikańskiej pietas ............................................... 282-293
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Katarzyna Kołakowska - Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II w
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Empedokles nieznany: Carmen de septem planetis (Par. Graec. 3047) .......................... 294-307
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RECENZJE
Spetsialnyie istoricheskiie distsipliny, vyp. 1, otvestv. red. B.L. Fonkich, Rossiiskaia

Akademia nauk. Institut vseobshchei istorii. Otdel spetsialnykh istoricheskikh distsiplin,
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Moskva: IVI RAN 2014, ss. 612 (Lesław Łesyk) ............................................................ 308-309

Andrzej Gillmeister, The Point of View. Tadeusz Zieliński on Ancient Religions, Akme.
Studia Historica: nr 11/2013, Warszawa, pp. 67 (Mariola Sobolewska) ........................ 310-314
Irene J.F. de Jong, Narratology and Classics. A Practical Guide, Oxford: Oxford
University Press 2014, ss. 230 (Iwona Wieżel) ............................................................... 315-322
„Littera Antiqua” 10 (2015)
KATARZYNA KOŁAKOWSKA
(The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin)

Greek manuscripts in Poland. Part I: Kraków, Toruń, Elbląg1
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The issue of Greek manuscript collections in Poland is highly complicated and, unlike
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other European collections, very dynamic. Due to historical reasons, the fortunes of Polish
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collections cause information chaos among foreign researchers, albeit not only.
Consequently, catalogues and directories prepared by them contain a lot of wrong
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information concerning places of storage and number of manuscripts.

i The largest catalogue of Greek manuscripts is Repertoire des Bibliotheques et des t
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Catalogues de Manuscrits Grecs de Marcel Richard by Jean-Marie Olivier,2 who, researching
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manuscripts in Poland, based his information on three others (already outdated) catalogues
Aof Kurt Aland,3 Paul Canart4 and Yaroslav N. Ščapov.5 Unfortunately, due to the
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aforementioned historical turbulence, the majority of information contained therein is either
incomplete or out-of-date, although the catalogue certainly provides a starting point for

detailed surveys and studies on Greek manuscripts in Poland. t
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Furthermore, data in catalogues and inventories of particular libraries also contain
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mistakes: mainly in descriptions and dating of particular volumes, as well as their contents,
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not to mention proper classification of palimpsests (obviously, without the use of suitable l
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equipment, the most serious problem is distinguishing between Old Serbian and Old Church
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Slavonic palimpsests and between Greek and Old Church Slavonic ones). Most probably,
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this is due to the lack of specialists in Greek palaeography because no Polish university
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educates in this field.

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1 Research on Greek manuscripts in Poland is conducted in the Department of Greek Studies
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in The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin under the guidance of Katarzyna

Kołakowska, PhD, in cooperation with Lesław Łesyk, PhD. The author wishes to thank

Professor Boris L. Fonkich, PhD h.c., for introduction into the world of Greek palaeography
and manuscripts, scientific guidance and friendship.
2 Olivier 1995.
3 Aland 1956.
4 Canart 1974.
5 Щапов 1973.

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„Littera Antiqua” 10 (2015)
I Kraków
1. Jagiellonian Library
By far the biggest collection of Greek manuscripts is stored in the Jagiellonian
University Library. According to Olivier, the Library possesses 16 manuscripts of which
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three are palimpsests. In Eduard Gollob’s catalogue6 information can be found about thirteen
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Greek manuscripts but it is supplemented with a handwritten note about the fourteenth
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umanuscript from 1589 with a text: ‚lek.-teolog.‛ – ‚medical-theological‛7 (Olivier’s catalogue
includes this information). This manuscript (or rather a document) contains notes about:

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‚faith, Holy Trinity, fasting, two journeys to Jerusalem and Sinai, as well as Apocyphra .

iabout Jesus and medical notes.‛8 This small collection was developed throughout the whole t
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period of existence of the Kraków Academy and then the Jagiellonian University, frequently

nwith personal and financial involvement of librarians who allocated their own funds to buy n
or repurchase lost items.9 The vast majority of the manuscripts were written on paper (12).
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They contain works of classical authors (3), theological (7) and philosophical writings (4), one a
lexicon and one text difficult to classify (Ms. 2731). The time span is between the 14th (Ms.

788) and 18th (Ms. 2731, Illustr. 1st) c. It is worth verifying dates of the manuscripts with
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a‚double dating‛, e.g. 16th-17th c., and these with no specific date of origin (Illustr. 2nd).

Currently, the science of palaeography has developed well enough so that it is not only i
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possible to specify dates much more precisely (with approximation to half a century or even
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a decade), but also to try and match handwriting to a given scribe, using the method devised
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tby one of the most eminent palaeographers – Boris L. Fonkich. Of course, these methods
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twere not known at the time when the abovementioned catalogues were compiled.
i Apart from the manuscripts which the Jagiellonian Library owns, it also stores a huge

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collection of Greek manuscripts from the Berlin State Library (Preußische Staatsbibliothek),
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popularly called Stabi, in the deposit of the Polish State Treasury. The collection contains 140
Greek manuscripts. A detailed description of them can be found in the catalogue: Die
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Handchriften-Verzeichnisse der Königlichen Bibliothek ze Berlin by Carl de Boor (Berlin 1897). It is

6 Verzeichnis der Griechischen Handschriften in Osterreich Auszerhalb Wiens von Eduard Gollob,
Wien 1903.
7 Gollob 1903: 27.
8 Щапов 1973: 260.
9 The remarkable and fascinating history of the collection of manuscripts in the Jagiellonian
Library is described in: Wisłocki 1877-1881: I-XXXV.

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„Littera Antiqua” 10 (2015)
not possible to discuss each manuscript here, even though the majority of them are worth
verifying. These are mostly palimpsests which, due to the lack of special non-invasive
equipment, were destroyed by the use of chemical agents that dyed parchment blue but did
not bring expected results (for instance, Graec. Fol. 28 described by de Boor under no. 266).
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The oldest and most damaged manuscripts should also be verified, as exemplified by the
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manuscripts no. Graec. Fol. 43-47, written with Greek capital letters in two columns. They are
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uvery worn and require immediate cleaning and restoration. One of them, namely Graec. Fol.
45 (de Boor 281, Illustr. 3rd), is dated to the 11th-13th c. However, a detailed analysis including

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comparative material enables to specify its date of origin at the 10th c. Moreover, it is possible .

ito identify the origin of the manuscript at the first half of the 10th c. or mid-century at the t
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latest. The aforementioned comparative material (Ms. Harley 5694, Paris. gr. 451, Berlin,

nStaatsbibliothek, Phillipps 1538)10 made it possible to find out that the manuscript was n
created in the circle of writers gathered around a Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII
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Porphyrogennetos (905-59). Moreover, comparing the handwriting of one of the authors it is a
possible to find considerable similarity to a great writer Baanes11 who wrote for Arethas of

Caesarea.12 Thus, it is clear that de Boor’s mistake can reach even three hundred (!) years. The
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amanuscript contains the Evangelion consisting of 8 parts. The first part comprises John

Chrysostom’s homilies on the Book of Genesis, parts second to fifth contain homilies of St i
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Basil the Great, the sixth part presents fragments of the Gospel divided into weeks and St
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Theodore’s holidays, the seventh part includes fragments of works by Ephraim the Syrian,
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twhile the eight part contains mostly works of Pseudo-Epiphanius. Some of them are
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tunedited and in the case of two cards it is impossible to determine what text it is.13 Therefore,
ithe whole collection of Greek manuscripts is worth further research, while the majority of

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manuscripts need a separate and in-depth study in monographic publications.
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Among the Greek manuscripts there are also palimpsests. An example can be a
Slavonic manuscript no. 932 (according to Wisłocki: Old Slavonic-Serbian, Illustr. 4th) with a
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10 See: Lefort – Cochez 1932.
11 Gamillscheg – Harlfinger – Hunger 1981: 43.
12 See: Fonkich 2014: 55-60. The author wishes to thank Marina A. Kurysheva, PhD, for
scientific assistance in specification of proper dating and comparative material.
13 See: K. Kołakowska Manuskrypty greckie w zbiorach krakowskich (in press).

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„Littera Antiqua” 10 (2015)
washed-off Greek text.14 Information about it can be found in an article of Eugenia E.
Granstrem who writes that under the top layer there is a liturgical text written with Greek
miniscule in the 13th/14th c.15 This manuscript was previously stored in a monastery in
Macedonia (St Demetrius Monastery).16
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Unfortunately, similarly as other libraries in possession of Greek manuscripts, the
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Jagiellonian Library also suffered some losses, described in Wisłocki’s catalogue. The
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uKraków librarian notes that: ‚The manuscripts previously marked as DD VII 1, DD X 11 and
DD X 13 have been lost. Bandtkie did not include them in his register of lacking manuscripts.

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On the other hand, due to their character, it is impossible that he threw them away to scrap .

paper in 1818. The ‘Register’ from 1777 enumerates these manuscripts, listed there between
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‘Anonymous works’ on page 60, in the following way: ‚Liber Graecus, codex cartaceus in fol.

nDD VII 1‛ and ‚Liber Graecus, cod. Cartaceus in 4to, DD X 11‛ and ‚Liber Graecus, cod. n
Pergameneus (sic!) in4to DD X 13.‛17
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2. The Princes Czartoryski Library

Similarly as in the aforementioned cases, the current shape of this collection was
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asignificantly influenced by history of the whole library founded by the Princes Czartoryski

family. According to the Library’s guidebook, history of the book collection began in 1770 i
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when the first catalogue of books and the private library of Prince Adam Kazimierz
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Czartoryski was compiled. The library was housed in the Blue Palace in Warszawa. At that
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ttime, the book collection comprised 1645 works, including several manuscripts. When the
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tlibrary was moved to the palace in Puławy in 1784, the collection had already 7010 volumes
iof foreign books and an unknown number of Polish works. As a repressive measure due to

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involvement in the Kościuszko Uprising of 1794, the major part of the collection was taken
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over by Russians. However, Prince Adam Kazimierz, who resided in Vienna and Sieniawa,
managed to reconstruct it, purchasing the lacking items on the antiquarian market.18 A
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continuator of Adam Kazimierz’ work, his son Prince Adam Jerzy, whose wish was to create

14 Wisłocki 1877-1881: XVIII and 261.
15 Dating needs to be verified.
16 Гранстрем 1964: 218-22.
17 Wisłocki 1877-1881: XXXIII.
18 See: Lenkiewiczowa 2004: 6-7.

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„Littera Antiqua” 10 (2015)
a national library, ordered a search through monastic libraries and regularly supplemented
the resources, purchasing even the whole collections (for example so-called Poryck Library
which enlarged the Czartoryski collection with 8000 prints and 1550 manuscripts). Moreover,
in 1810 he regained possession of 102 rare Polish prints and 48 manuscripts from Sweden:
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from the Royal Library in Stockholm and the University Library in Uppsala, mostly
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originating from the Chapter of Warmia and taken away from Poland during the Swedish
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uDeluge and the Second Northern War.19 The collection was made available to the public in
1810. Next repressive measures and considerable depletion of the collection occurred after

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the collapse of the November Uprising. In 1831 Russians took away 47 cases with precious .

prints and manuscripts to Petersburg. Some of them were given back pursuant to the Treaty
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of Riga (1921) shortly before the World War II. The salvaged items were stored outside the

nborders of the Russian rule in Sieniawa, Kórnik, Kraków and Krasiczyn. A part of the n
collection was moved to Hôtel Lambert in Paris, and when it became endangered also there
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(e.g. due to the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 and the Paris Commune), Jerzy’s son a
Władysław secured the collection by moving it to Kraków. Thanks to the municipal

authorities, he gathered the collection there in 1876 in rooms given by the city. In accordance
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awith the statute established by Władysław, the library and the museum were supported by

the Szaniawski Fee Tail (1898-1945). During the World War II the Library was officially i
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closed but many Polish scientists used it secretly. In 1961 the library was moved to 17 Św.
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Marka Street where it exists until today. Since 1971 it has the status of a scientific library with
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ta humanist profile. Prince Adam Karol, a legal successor of the Czartoryski family from the
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tline of Adam Jerzy, established a family foundation in 1991 and made the private collection
iavailable to the public, leaving it under supervision of the National Museum in Kraków.

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Currently, the library consists of two departments: 1) Archive and Collection of Manuscripts
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of the Czartoryski Family and 2) Book Collection of the Czartoryski Family.20
In Olivier’s Repertoir, the Princes Czartoryski Library is mistakenly identified with the
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National Library.21 The French catalogue mentions three manuscripts, among them: no. 2852

19 See: Pezda 2011: 117.
20 See: Lenkiewiczowa 2004: 8-9.
21 Olivier, p. 438. Of course, distinguishing between the collections of both institutions, that is
the Princes Czartoryski Library and the National Library in Kraków, is problematic even to
Poles, and the more so to foreigners. Therefore, the mistake of J.M. Olivier can be

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„Littera Antiqua” 10 (2015)
containing hagiographic texts (i.a. Vita Constantini et Helenae, Illustr. 5th) and texts of John
Chrysostom, Symeon Metaphrastes and Alexander of Cyprus, dated to the 14th-15th c., and
no. 2853 (Illustr. 6th) with fragments of Plutarch’s work (Regum et imperatorum apophtegmata,
Apophtegmata Laconica, Instituta Laconica, Lacaenarum apophtegmata) dated to the 15th-16th c.22
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While the latter manuscript does not arise doubt, information concerning no. 2852 is more
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puzzling. According to the Library’s inventory, the codex comes from the 12th-13th c., so it is
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umuch earlier than Olivier claims. Thus, what is the origin of this divergence? It is possible
that the authors of the descriptions were misled by renovation works during which the

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manuscript was trimmed and folded again without keeping the original and proper .

sequence of folios, which escaped attention of all those who were dealing with the discussed
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manuscript. Moreover, on its initial and final pages the manuscript is a palimpsest, according

nto the inventory – a Greek one,23 although there is a high probability that the bottom text was n
written in an old Slavonic language. Another doubtful issue is identification of the text but
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this will be discussed in a separate article. a
As it has been mentioned above, Repertoir gives information about three manuscripts.

The last preserved codex in the Czartoryski collection is The Gospels (Ms. 1870, Illustr. 7).
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aInformation about it can be found in the inventory available in situ. It dates the codex to the

13th c. (although this must be examined in detail). There is also information that the i
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manuscript lacks the illumination with the image of St Matthew the Evangelist (before p. 1
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according to the top pagination and p. 7 according to the bottom pagination), but there is no
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tdata about the lack of the whole folio volume (4 pages) with the beginning of the Gospel of St
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tJohn (no pagination, top or bottom, takes into account this lack).
i Most probably, the abovementioned manuscripts (apart from The Gospels) were

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purchased together with others: Turkish, Coptic, Malayan, Japanese, Hebrew and Armenian,
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through political agents of Hôtel Lambert in the East and on the developing antiquarian
market.24 An excellent catalogue Zbiory rękopisów w Polsce25 in the section ‚Theology‛
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understood. Both institutions are housed in the same place and have the same personnel, but

different catalogues. Nevertheless, all Greek manuscripts belong to the Princes Czartoryski
Library, not to the National Library.
23 Olivier 1995: 438.
24 Most probably, this is a suggestion of Dieter Harlfinger, who – according to the inventory –
worked on this manuscript.
24 Lenkiewiczowa 2004: 23.

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„Littera Antiqua” 10 (2015)
mentions that the collection of manuscripts, theological and philosophical treatises, sermons
and church chronicles decreased from 100 to 38, while the remaining ones got lost in the 19th
c. Among them there could probably be Greek manuscripts, as well. Their lack is also noted
in another register which enumerates four Greek manuscripts that got lost. These are the
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following (in original catalogue notation):
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u a) No. 1222, Greek manuscript, St Chrysostom’s commentaries on Epistles to the
Corinthians

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‚In 1831 taken away by Russians to Petersburg, currently in the National Library .

in Warszawa. Catalogue number: Sygn. Grec. 145‛ (BCzart. Rkps. 12758). It burnt
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down in Warszawa.

n b) 1274 Greek homilies on parchment [no other information– K.K.] n
c) Greek gospels
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‚Greek book on parchment. 4 Evangelists‛ (BCzart. Rkps. 2855, p. 442) a
d) De humana felicitate, in Hebrew, Greek and Latin

‚Manuscript on parchment with paintings and gilding. About Human Happiness in
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a Hebrew, Greek and Latin. These are adages of famous people and cited

examples.‛ (BCzart. 2855, p. 443) i
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Taken away to Petersburg.26
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t 3. Archive of the Polish Province of the Congregation of the Mission
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t A short information about the Archive’s collection states that it contains a Greek
imanuscript Vita Apolloni Tyanensis by Flavius Philostratus. This is a codex of Italian origin,

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written on paper, dated to the 15th c., inside there is information about Thomas Rehdiger’s
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supralibros.27

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II The Cyprian Norwid Library in Elbląg

Nowadays, Elbląg is a town not associated with education or universities. However,
it did not use to be like that. The Gymnasium established in the 1530s educated young

25 Kamolowa – Sieniatecka 2004: 160.
26 Pezda 2011: 141.
27 Makowski – Sapała 2014: 116.

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