Literature And Society: An Introduction To Fiction, Poetry, Drama, Nonfiction

1600 Pages·2006·12.917 MB·English

by  Pamela J. Annas, Robert C. Rosen

LITERATURE
AND SOCIETY
An Introduction to Fiction,
Poetry, Drama, Nonfiction
Fourth Edition
PAMELA J.ANNAS
University of Massachusetts/Boston
ROBERT C.ROSEN
William Paterson University
Upper Saddle River,New Jersey 07458
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Annas,Pamela J.
Literature and society :an introduction to fiction,poetry,
drama,nonfiction / Pamela J.Annas,Robert C.Rosen.—4th ed.
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0–13–153457–2
1.Literature—History and criticism. 2.Literature and society.
I.Rosen,Robert C. II.Title
PN51.A55 2006
808—dc22 2005037879
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C
ONTENTS
CONTENTS BY GENRE xix
PREFACE xxvii
LITERATURE AND THE WRITING PROCESS 1
BEGINNING,DISCOVERING,INVENTING,PLANNING,DRAFTING 1
Taking Notes,2 Exploratory Writing,2 Inventing an Approach,3
Outlining,5 Drafting,5
SURVIVINGTHEWRITINGPROCESS 7
REVISINGANDEDITING 9
The Whole Paper,9 Paragraphs,10 Beginnings and Endings,11
Sentences and Words,13
REVISINGANDEDITING:ANEXAMPLE 14
WRITINGUNDERPRESSURE:THEESSAYEXAM 17
KINDSOFWRITING 19
Freewriting,19 Explication,20 Response,20 Analysis,20
Comparison/Contrast,21 Review,21 Research Paper,22
Critical Reading Journal,22
PASSAGESFROMSTUDENTCRITICALREADINGJOURNALS 23
SAMPLEEXPLICATIONPAPER:ORIGINALANDREVISION 28
DOCUMENTATIONANDMANUSCRIPTFORM 36
Academic Honesty,36 Citation of Sources,37 Titles,37
Quotations,37 Documentation,39 1.The Works Cited
Approach,40 Electronic Resources,41 Citing in Your Paper,42
2.The Endnote/Footnote Approach,43 Explanatory Footnotes,44
Final Manuscript Preparation,46
GROWING UP/GROWING OLDER 47
INTRODUCTION 48
iv
CONTENTS
FICTION 52
ALDOUSHUXLEY,fromBrave New World 52
The Director leads a tour through the Hatchery, where elaborate
machinery makes babies in several different models,and through the
Conditioning Rooms,where hypnopaedia and shock treatment teach
infants to like and dislike the right things.
JAMAICAKINCAID,Girl 67
A Caribbean girl gets more advice than she wants from a very insistent
mother.
TONIMORRISON,fromThe Bluest Eye 69
Why does Claudia destroy white baby dolls?
SANDRACISNEROS,The Family of Little Feet 72
Three pairs of high heels fall into the lives of some girls on the edge of
adolescence and create an afternoon of scary magic.
OCTAVIABUTLER,Bloodchild 75
A boy comes of age in an unusual family on a different planet.
JAMESBALDWIN,Sonny’s Blues 93
A teacher in Harlem initially views his younger brother as just another
kid in trouble with drugs,but comes to love and understand him better
when he hears him play piano in a nightclub.
NATHANIELHAWTHORNE,Young Goodman Brown 117
A young man has an encounter with the devil and his life is never the
same.
SHERMANALEXIE,Jesus Christ’s Half Brother Is Alive and Well
on the Spokane Indian Reservation 128
A young man adopts an orphaned infant and learns how to be a father.
MARYE.WILKINSFREEMAN,A Mistaken Charity 140
Two women are put in an Old Ladies’ Home with surprising results.
POETRY 151
WALTWHITMAN,WeTwo Boys Together Clinging 151
AUDRELORDE,From the House of Yemanjá 152
ROBERTHAYDEN,Those Winter Sundays 154
SYLVIAPLATH,The Colossus 156
PHILIPLEVINE,Among Children 158
GWENDOLYNBROOKS,The Mother 161
v
CONTENTS
SHARONOLDS,The Language of the Brag 164
JOHNUPDIKE,Ex-Basketball Player 166
T.S.ELIOT,The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock 168
WILLIAMBUTLERYEATS,Sailing to Byzantium 173
WILLIAMSHAKESPEARE,That time of year thou mayst in me
behold 175
WILLIAMCARLOSWILLIAMS,To a Poor Old Woman 176
IRENAKLEPFISZ,they did not build wings for them 178
PATRICIASMITH,Undertaker 181
GWENDOLYNBROOKS,The Bean Eaters 185
JOYHARJO,Remember 186
(cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1)
JOHNKEATS,When I Have Fears 189
WALTWHITMAN,A child saidWhat is the grass? fromLeaves
of Grass 189
GERARDMANLEYHOPKINS,Spring and Fall 191
EDNAST.VINCENTMILLAY,Grown-up 191
EDNAST.VINCENTMILLAY,What Lips My Lips Have
Kissed 192
E.E.CUMMINGS,in Just— 192
MARGARETWALKER,Lineage 193
THEODOREROETHKE,My Papa’s Waltz 193
DYLANTHOMAS,Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night 194
GWENDOLYNBROOKS,We Real Cool 195
JAMESWRIGHT,Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry,Ohio 195
PATRICIASMITH,Discovering Country 196
TOIDERRICOTTE,Transition 197
JOYHARJO,Rainy Dawn 199
TINOVILLANUEVA,Not Knowing,in Aztlan 200
LLOYDSCHWARTZ,Leaves 200
PATMORA,Immigrants 202
SIMONJ.ORTIZ,My Father’s Song 202
RONSCHREIBER,diagnosis (4-10-86) 203
ESSEXHEMPHILL,June 25 204
OLAVH.HAUGE,I Pass the Arctic Circle 206
ORYBERNSTEIN,A Son Seeing His Mother Seeing Death 206
DRAMA 207
SAMUELBECKETT,Krapp’s Last Tape 207
An old man listens to and talks back at tape recordings about his life that
he made when he was younger.
vi
CONTENTS
WAKAKOYAMAUCHI,And the Soul Shall Dance 214
A preadolescent Japanese-American girl tries to understand the older
women in her life and their memories of Japan.
NONFICTION 265
MAXINEHONGKINGSTON,No Name Woman 265
A Chinese-American girl tries to cope with a terrifying story her mother
tells her about what it means to be a woman.
AUDRELORDE,fromZami:A New Spelling of My Name 275
An American girl reaches puberty and discovers something about her
West Indian heritage.
TOMMYAVICOLLIMECCA,He Defies You Still:The Memoirs
of a Sissy 283
What was it like,at school and at home,growing up gay?
DOROTHYALLISON,Gun Crazy 291
In the rural South,where learning to shoot is a badge of adult power,one
girl finally gets access to a gun.
JOYHARJO,Three Generations of Native American Women’s
Birth Experience 296
Poet Joy Harjo contrasts the traditional and the technological in her own,
her mother’s,and her daughter’s experiences giving birth.
GROWINGUPANDGROWINGOLDER:PAPERTOPICS 301
WOMEN AND MEN 303
INTRODUCTION 304
FICTION 307
CHARLOTTEPERKINSGILMAN,The Yellow Wallpaper 307
Told by her doctor to rest,a woman develops a strange relationship with
the wallpaper in her room.
ERNESTHEMINGWAY,Hills Like White Elephants 320
A couple in a train station in Spain have an oblique but very important
conversation.
vii
CONTENTS
RAYMONDCARVER,Signals 324
A couple in an upscale restaurant somewhere in America have an
oblique but very important conversation.
HISAYEYAMAMOTO,Seventeen Syllables 331
A teen-age girl learns more than she wants to about her parents’
marriage.
CRISTINAGARCIA,Inés in the Kitchen 342
Inés is thinking about her coming child and making a lovely dinner for
her husband.Why is she feeling trapped?
JOHNUPDIKE,A & P 346
Three young women in bathing suits stroll into the supermarket and
checkout clerk Sammy’s mind goes into overdrive.
JUDYGRAHN,Boys at the Rodeo 352
Six women are mistaken for boys and have an unusual day at the rodeo.
KATECHOPIN,The Story of an Hour 358
A married woman receives some shocking news—twice.
JEANTOOMER,Fern 361
Men find Fern distant,mysterious,and self-contained.
TAHIRANAQVI,A Man of Integrity 366
A married doctor in Pakistan,a man of integrity,starts receiving letters
from an unknown female admirer.Will this escalate?
POETRY 380
JOHNDONNE,The Flea 380
WILLIAMBLAKE,The Garden of Love 381
EDNAST.VINCENTMILLAY,An Ancient Gesture 383
D.H.LAWRENCE,Gloire de Dijon 385
ELIZABETHBISHOP,One Art 387
ANNESEXTON,Her Kind 389
AMIRIBARAKA,Beautiful Black Women ... 390
KARLSHAPIRO,Buick 392
TEDHUGHES,The Lovepet 394
OLGABROUMAS,Cinderella 397
LOUISEERDRICH,Jacklight 399
TESSGALLAGHER,I Stop Writing the Poem 401
ALMALUZVILLANUEVA,Crazy Courage 403
viii
CONTENTS
ALBERTAHUNTERANDLOVIEAUSTIN,Song:Down-Hearted
Blues 405
TUPACSHAKUR,Song:Keep Ya Head Up 408
(cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1)
ANONYMOUS,The Song of Solomon 411
CHRISTOPHERMARLOWE,The Passionate Shepherd
to His Love 412
WILLIAMSHAKESPEARE,When my love swears that she is made
of truth 413
JOHNDONNE,The Sun Rising 414
JOHNDONNE,The Canonization 415
ANDREWMARVELL,To His Coy Mistress 416
WALTWHITMAN,To a Stranger 418
WALTWHITMAN,I Saw in Louisiana a Live-Oak Growing 418
EMILYDICKINSON,My Life had stood—a Loaded Gun 419
AMYLOWELL,A Decade 420
CLAUDEMCKAY,The Harlem Dancer 420
WILLIAMBUTLERYEATS,Leda and the Swan 421
LOUISEBOGAN,Women 421
GLADYSBENTLEY,Song:How Much Can I Stand? 422
EDNAST.VINCENTMILLAY,Love is not all:it is not meat
nor drink 423
LÉOPOLDSÉDARSENGHOR,You Held the Black Face 424
LANGSTONHUGHES,Mellow 425
MARGEPIERCY,The woman in the ordinary 425
MURIELRUKEYSER,Waiting for Icarus 426
NTOZAKESHANGE,somebody almost walked off wid alla
my stuff 426
ADRIENNERICH,Poem XI fromTwenty-one Love Poems 428
ALICEBLOCH,Six Years 429
MARTHACOLLINS,Several Things 430
JUDITHORTIZCOFER,Claims 432
BARBARAKINGSOLVER,This House I Cannot Leave 433
STEFANIEMARLIS,Transsexual Cloud 433
PABLONERUDA,Every Day You Play 434
DRAMA 436
JOHNM.SYNGE,Riders to the Sea 436
When men go to the sea,what is a mother to do?
WILLIAMSHAKESPEARE,The Tragedy of Othello,The Moor
of Venice 450
ix
CONTENTS
Shakespeare dramatizes love,jealousy,murder,and betrayals imagined
and real amid a clash of cultures.
SUSANGLASPELL,Trifles 551
A farmer has died with a rope around his neck,and two women in a farm-
house kitchen see clues that the male sheriff and county attorney miss.
NONFICTION 565
VIRGINIAWOOLF,Shakespeare’s Sister 565
If Shakespeare had had a sister who shared his genius,what would have
been her fate?
SOJOURNERTRUTH,Ain’t I a Woman? 568
Truth argues eloquently for the rights of women.
JUDYBRADY,I Want a Wife 569
Brady satirizes traditional gender roles by explaining why she too would
like to have a wife.
RICHARDRODRIGUEZ,Huck Finn,Dan Quayle,and the Value
of Acceptance 572
A gay man,the son of immigrants,reflects on the meaning of “family
values.”
WOMENANDMEN:PAPERTOPICS 579
MONEY AND WORK 583
INTRODUCTION 584
FICTION 588
TILLIEOLSEN,I Stand Here Ironing 588
A mother thinks back on her years raising a daughter under harsh
economic conditions.
ANNPETRY,fromThe Street 595
Single mother Lutie Johnson looks at an apartment in a run down
building with a very scary super.
WILLIAMFAULKNER,Spotted Horses 609
Horse trading can be a tricky business,as the inhabitants of one southern
community discover.
x
CONTENTS
B.TRAVEN,Assembly Line 624
On vacation in Mexico,E.L Winthrop of New York discovers a poor
Indian peasant who weaves magnificent baskets,and he sees an oppor-
tunity to make himself a pile of money.
PIETRODIDONATO,fromChrist in Concrete 634
A thirteen-year-old bricklayer tells of the excitement and terror of work-
ing construction on tall buildings.
TOMKROMER,fromWaiting for Nothing 638
During the worst years of the Great Depression,a chronically unem-
ployed man hunts for “three hots and a flop.”
TONICADEBAMBARA,The Lesson 647
College-educated Miss Moore takes a group of ghetto kids to an expen-
sive toy store to teach them a lesson about the society they live in.
ALICEWALKER,Everyday Use 654
A mother has to decide which of two very different daughters should
get the family quilts.
HARVEYPEKAR,Hypothetical Quandary 662
Comic book artist Pekar ponders his working class life and his artistic
ambitions on the way to the bakery.
POETRY 667
BERTOLTBRECHT,A Worker Reads History 667
JONATHANSWIFT,A Description of the Morning 669
THEODOREROETHKE,Dolor 670
JUDYGRAHN,Ella,in a square apron,along Highway 80 672
CARLSANDBURG,Chicago 674
JIMMYSANTIAGOBACA,So Mexicans Are Taking Jobs
From Americans 676
JULIAALVAREZ,Homecoming 679
GWENDOLYNBROOKS,Bronzeville Woman in a Red Hat 682
LANGSTONHUGHES,Ballad of the Landlord 685
LAUREENMAR,My Mother,Who Came From China,Where She
Never Saw Snow 688
PHILIPLEVINE,You Can Have It 690
MARYFELL,The Triangle Fire 692
(cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1)
WILLIAMBLAKE,The Chimney Sweeper 699