Literature and Politics Today Literature and Politics Today The Political Nature of Modern Fiction, Poetry, and Drama M. KeiTh BooKer, ediTor Copyright © 2015 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Literature and politics today : the political nature of modern fiction, poetry, and drama / M. Keith Booker, editor. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-61069-935-8 (hardback) — ISBN 978-1-61069-936-5 (e-book) 1. Politics and literature—Encyclopedias. I. Booker, M. Keith, editor. PN51.L57395 2015 809’.933581—dc23 2014034824 ISBN: 978-1-61069-935-8 EISBN: 978-1-61069-936-5 19 18 17 16 15 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. Greenwood An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America For you-know-who. You know why. Contents Preface xiii A–Z Entries Abrahams, Peter 1 Achebe, Chinua 2 African American Literature 4 African Literature (Anglophone) 12 African Literature (Francophone) 14 Akhmatova, Anna 16 American Literature 17 Anand, Mulk Raj 20 Anzaldúa, Gloria E. 21 Aragon, Louis 22 Asian American Literature 23 Atwood, Margaret 25 Auden, W. H. 26 Australian Literature 28 Bacigalupi, Paolo 31 Baldwin, James 32 Baraka, Amiri 33 Beat Movement 34 Black Arts Movement 35 Bond, Edward 36 Brazilian Literature 38 Brecht, Bertolt 38 British Immigrant Literature 41 British Literature 42 Bulgakov, Mikhail 45 Bulosan, Carlos 46 Canadian Literature (Anglophone) 49 viii Contents Canadian Literature (Francophone) 51 Cˇapek, Karel 57 Cardenal, Ernesto 58 Caribbean Literature (Anglophone) 59 Caribbean Literature (Francophone) 62 Carpentier, Alejo 64 Césaire, Aimé 65 Chinese Literature 67 Cold War 69 Collins, Suzanne 71 Cuban Literature 72 Darío, Rubén 77 Day Lewis, C. 78 De Boissière, Ralph 79 Delany, Samuel R. 80 Dick, Philip K. 81 Doctorow, Cory 83 Doctorow, E. L. 84 Dos Passos, John 85 Dr. Seuss 87 Dreiser, Theodore 89 Du Bois, W. E. B. 91 Dystopian Literature 93 Eastern and Central European Literature 97 Eliot, T. S. 100 Fast, Howard 103 Faulkner, William 104 Federal Writers’ Project (FWP) 106 Fowler, Karen Joy 107 Fox, Ralph 108 French Literature 109 García Lorca, Federico 113 García Márquez, Gabriel 114 German Literature 115 Gibbon, Lewis Grassic 118 Ginsberg, Allen 120 Contents ix Gold, Mike 121 Gordimer, Nadine 122 Gorky, Maxim 124 Guillén, Nicolás 126 Harlem Renaissance 129 Havel, Vaclav 131 Heinlein, Robert 132 Hellman, Lillian 133 Hemingway, Ernest 134 Hernandez, Amado V. 136 Hernández, Miguel 137 Himes, Chester 138 Holocaust Literature 140 Hughes, Langston 141 Huxley, Aldous 142 Indigenismo 145 International Literature 146 Irish Literature 147 Isherwood, Christopher 149 Italian Literature 150 James, C. L. R. 153 Jelinek, Elfriede 155 Jewish American Literature 156 John Reed Clubs 160 Jones, Lewis 161 Joyce, James 162 Kataev, Valentin Petrovich 165 Kipling, Rudyard 166 Kiš, Danilo 167 Koestler, Arthur 168 Kollontai, Alexandra 170 Krleža, Miroslav 171 Kundera, Milan 172 La Guma, Alex 175 Lamming, George 176 Latin American Literature 177