List of Important Abbreviations

44 Pages·2008·0.29 MB·English

List of Important
Abbreviations
A- Interface Interface between the BSS and the MSC, manages the
allocation of suitable radio resources to the MSs and
mobility management
A-bis BSS internal interface linking the BSC and a BTS
ACELP Algebraic CELP (with special codebook, see CELP)
ACR Absolute Category Rating
ADPCM Adaptive Differential PCM (with adaptive prediction and
quantization)
AHr,dt Attenuation Range Receiving, Double Talk
AHs,dt Attenuation Range Sending, Double Talk
AMR Adaptive Multi-Rate coding
APC Adaptive Predictive Coding (also “block-ADPCM”)
APP A-Posteriori Probability
ATC Adaptive Transform Coding
A-ter: BSS internal interface linking the BSC and a TRC
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
BB-RELP Base-Band (i.e., low-frequency band) RELP (see RELP)
BER Bit Error Rate
BFH Bad Frame Handling
BFI Bad Frame Indication
BSC Base Station Controller
BTS Base Transceiver Station
C/I Co-channel interference
CCR Comparison Category Rating
CELP Code-Excited Linear Predictor/Prediction
COVQ Channel-Optimized Vector Quantization
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
CSI Channel-State Information
DCR Degradation Category Rating
928 ListofImportantAbbreviations
DCT Discrete Cosine Transformation
DFT Discrete Fourier Transformation
DSP Digital Signal Processor
DTX Discontinuous Transmission
D-value Relationship between direct sound field sensitivity and diffuse sound
field sensitivity
EDGE Enhanced Data-rate for GSM Evolution (an add-on to GSM)
EFR Enhanced Full-Rate system (with the original GSM data rate and
better quality)
EMBE Enhanced MBE (see MBE)
ETSI European Telecommunication Standardization Institution
eXCELP Extended CELP (with classified codebooks, see CELP)
FER Frame Error Rate
FIR Finite (-length) Impulse Response (also “non-recursive”) filter
FR Full-Rate system (cid:2)=the first standard GSM speech coding at 13kb/s(cid:3)
GSM Global System for Mobile communication
HC Harmonic Coding (cid:2)=SM with a frequency grid, see SM(cid:3)
HR Half-Rate system (with half the original GSM data rate and less
quality)
HVXC Harmonic Vector-eXcited Coding ( a HC / VQ combinaztion, see HC,
CELP, VQ)
IMBE Improved MBE (see MBE)
IP Internet Protocol
ISCD Iterative Source-Channel Decoding
ISO International Standardization Organization
ITU International Telecommunication Union (formerly: CCITT, Conseil
Consultative de la Te´le´phonie et Te´le´graphie)
JLR Junction Loudness Rating
LMS Least Mean Squares (algorithm)
LP Linear Prediction
(cid:2)=linear estimation of a new sample from n past samples(cid:3)
LPC Linear Predictive Coding (used generally for the filter inside all
predictive coders or specifically for the LP-based VOCODER)
LSF Line Spectral Frequencies (cid:2)=transformed LPC coefficients(cid:3)
LTP Long-Term Prediction (with a large lag in the order of a “pitch”
period)
MBE Multi-Band Excitation (of an LP filter)
Mops Mega (i.e., million) Operations per Second
MOS Mean Opinion Score
MOS-LQO Mean Opinion Score, Listening Quality Objective
MPE Multi-Pulse Excitation (with a reduced number of entries on a general
time grid)
MPEG Moving-Picture Expert Group (also standardizing speech and audio
systems)
MSC Mobile Switching Center
ListofImportantAbbreviations 929
MSE Mean-Square Error
NLMS Normalized Least Mean Squares (algorithm)
NLP Non Linear Processor
OLR Overall Loudness Rating
PCM Pulse-Code Modulation
(= analog-to-digital conversion, with linear or possibly
non-linear quantization)
PLMN Public Land Mobile Radio
PSD Power spectral density
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
R Rating Factor, used in the E-model for transmission planning
RELP Residual (signal)-Excited Linear Predictor
RLR Receiving Loudness Rating
RLS Recursive Least Squares (algorithm)
RPE Regular-PulseExcitation(withareducednumberofentriesonaregular
time grid)
SBC Sub-Band Coding
SIRP Spherically Invariant Random Process
SISO Soft-In/Soft-Out
SLR Sending Loudness Rating
SM Sinusoidal Modeling (of signals by sums of general sinusoids)
SNR Signal-to-Noise (power) Ratio (usually on a log. scale, in dB)
SOVA Soft-Output Viterbi Algorithm
TC Transform Coding
TDM Time Division Multiplex
TELR Talker Echo Loudness Rating
TELRdt Talker Echo Loudness Rating, Double Talk
TRC Transcoder Controller
UEP Unequal Error Protection
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
VAD Voice Activity Detection
VOCODER Voice CODER with parametric speech description and synthesis
VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol
VQ Vector Quantization (also “block quantization”)
WB Wide-Band (speech, with ∼7kHz bandwidth rather than 3.5kHz)
Index
Abnormalchildbirths,1226 Acousticalloading,629 Airconditionernoise,225
ABRwaveV,166 Acousticalproperties, Aircraftlandingnoise,1014
Absolutecategoryrating(ACR), measurement,949 Aircraftnoise
500,833 Acoustic-gravitywaves,1511 detectionof,972–977
Absolutemagnitudeestimation, Acoustic-tubemodeling,402 inducedannoyance,1009–1010
219,1198,1205 Acousto-mechanicaldesign,1269 Air-gun,1546–1547,1551–1552
Absorptioncoefficient,680 Activeandreactivesoundfields, Akaikeinformationcriterion,
Accelerometer 1111 1605–1606
compressionmode,1318 Activenoisecancellation(ANC), Akaikeweights,1606
shearmode,1317–1318 169 AlcoholicGasserianrhizolysis,
highimpedancechargeoutput, Activesonar,1737–1754 1220
1319 Actuator,1141–1151 Algebraiccode-excitedlinear
seealsoPiezoceramic electrodynamic,1144–1145 prediction(ACELP),590,
accelerometers electromagnetic,1144–1145 601,603,605,608,610,
Accreditation,1307–1308 electrostatic,1304 863,864
Accuracyregularizationfrontier, hydraulic,1142–1143 Algorithmiccomposition,339
523 intertial,1143 Aliasing,20,22–24,39–40,43,
Acousticglints,1840–1841 magnetostrictive,1145 54–55,68,74,88,137,142,
Acousticimpedance magnetostrictive,1145–1150 407,695,727,802,888,
flowmeter,996–997 MEMS,1151 902,1030–1031,1040,
tubemeasurements,103 piezoceramic,1079 1102,1136,1403,1426,
Acousticintensitymap,1129 piezo-electric(electrostrictive), 1428,1488–1489,1510,
Acousticmeasurement,662–663, 1148 1550,1555–1556,1559,
1302 pneumatic,1143 1764,1863,1864
Acousticmicrometer,984–986 shapememoryalloy,1147 leakage,40
Acousticmiddleearreflex Adaptivefilters,887,890,1030 Alpha-trimmedmean,1614
(AMER),161–162 Adaptivelineenhancer(ALE), Ambi-handedsubjects,1202
Acousticopticalmodulator 128 Ambisonics,753,758,912
(AOM),1333 Adaptivemultirate(AMR),602, Amplitude
Acousticparticlemotion, 876 clipping,774
1851–1854 Adaptiveprocedure,217 modulatednoisesignals,488
Acousticrategyro,984,995–996 ADATformat,706 modulatedwidebandnoise,248
Acousticreflexthreshold(ART), Advancedauthoringformat modulationfollowing
161 (AAF),717–718 responses(AMFR),168
Acousticsurfaceareameter, Aerodynamicnoise,963,967 modulations(AM),179
989–994 Affineprojection(AP)algorithm, panning,750–753,756
Acoustictelemetry,1857 888 rangerelationship,1512
Acousticvolumemeter,984–989 Airabsorption,764 tracking,1078
1910 Index
AMR-WB,599–601,604,607,610 Atmosphericvariability,1439, signalprocessing,175,187
Analog-to-digitalconverter,19, 1502–1503 steady-stateresponses(ASSR),
21,29,40,94,1598,1760 Atmosphericaltomography, 167
Analoguecontrollers,1086 94,95 system,functionalmodel,203
features,1103 ATRAC,122,720,811 Auralization,81,677,762–768
Analoguerecordinggear,76 Attackbehavior,422 Autocorrelation,10,45–46,48,
Analysis-by-synthesis,368,590, Attenuation,765,778,845,954, 88,91–93,102,183,
597,862,867,875 959,1070,1530–1531 279–280,283–284,295,
Anechoiclistening,750 Audibilityoftheerror,406 318,367,466,470–471,
Anti-aliasingfilter,20,22–24,55, Audio 569,598,858,872,886,
103,1031,1102,1900 bandwidth,595–598 888–889,891,1046,1057,
Anti-aliasing,22,55 bitrate,800 1777
Aperturefunction,1488–1489 browsing,310 Automaticeventlocation,1468
Aperturelength,1136,1776 coders,599 Automaticgaincontrol(AGC),
Approximatetranscription,318 coding,277,597–598,602,605, 206,920,1760,1851,1864
ARmodel,776–777,780 614,801,866,1419 Automaticmicrophonescanning
ARIBEFR-PDC,603 algorithms,614 system,966
ARMAmodeling,780 compressionsystems,231 Automaticmusiccomposition,
Array EngineeringSocietyAnthology 339
broadside,901,1711,1718, series,625 Automaticnetworkprocessing,
1763,1767 restoration,773–775,780 1467–1469
conformal,1718–1719,1811, thumbnail,320,327 Automaticphaseassociation,
1822 Audiologicaldiagnostical 1468
delay-and-sum,1404–1405 methods,149 Automaticrepeatrequest(ARQ),
differentialmicrophone,691, Audiovisual 608
696,912 interaction,731–749 Automaticsegmentation,327
line,670,676,963,965,970, perception,731,733,738 Automaticspeechrecognition
1134,1282,1474,1663, space,731 (ASR),186,188,203,483,
1711,1713–1715, speech,731–738,741 521–522,524
1717–1719,1759, Auditory Automatictonemodeling,287
1762–1765,1767, brainstemresponses(ABR), Automaticunitselection,563
1773–1775,1777,1821, 166 Autoregressive(AR)models,776
1829 cortex,170,187,215,739–741, Autoregressive(AR)predictors,
planar,140,696,1498,1719, 1844 609
1808,1822–1823 distance(AD),508 Autospectra,30,45,47,69–71
processing,1465 filters,185,232,234,236 Autospectrum,42,46–47,70–71
rectangular,1134 bandwidth,234–235 A-weighting,107,109,111,117,
response,1426,1488 function,physiological 1078
stack,1552,1554 measures,159–171 Azimuthaldeviation,1438,1449,
three-dimensional,1718–1719 information,154,1868 1451,1500,1503–1504
SeealsoInfrasound models,175,187,236,281,287
Loudspeakerarrays applicationsof,187
Microphonearrays nerve,154,156,161,166–177, Babbling,676,735–736
Pipearrays 215,236,281–282,1868, Backgroundnoise,825,846
Seismicarrays 1873 Back-plate,1247,1252,1257
ArticulationIndex(AI),201,486 non-intrusivequality Badframehandling(BFH),870
Articulation,201,369,375,440, estimation(ANIQUE), Badframeindicator(BFI),611
486,488,513,733–735 512–513 Baleenwhales,1891,1895,
Articulation-to-non-articulation pathway,154–158,166,168, 1897–1898,1901–1902,
ratio(ANR),513 1868,1870 1904
Articulatorymodeling/synthesis, perception Bandcancellationfiltering,283
581 modelsof,180 Bandfrequencyscales,486
Articulatorysynthesis,368,561 principlesof,206 Bandwidening,233
Asper,264 peripherymodel,281 Band-limitedrandomnoise,248
Asynchronoussignal,69,80 processingmodels,175–188, Band-passfilters
Atmosphericmodels,1439,1501, 206 function,1366
1513 sceneanalysis,286,1852 values,116
Index 1911
BandwidthLimitations,1085 Bearingestimation,1490–1492, Bowstring
Bark 1709,1717,1773,1775 dynamics,401
loudnessspectra,503,506 Bearingtracker,1778 junction,405
powerspectrum,501 Bearing-timeintensity,1771 Braille,1233,1216
scale,268,480,486,501,504, Beats,232,236 Brainstemprocessingmodels,
507,509,856 Belcanto,361 178
spectraldistortion,486,501 Bellclapper,424,442 Brainstem-evokedresponse
value,270 Benderbar,1792 audiometry,(BERA),
Barometer,24–25 Bestlinearunbiasedestimator, 154,166
Barometricequalization,1269 1703 Brightsound,421
Barrelstave,1792,1796–1797 Bestmodulationfrequencies Brightnessmatching,392
Bartlettestimator,1488 (BMFs),180 Broadband
Basilarmembrane,151,156,159, Bidirectionaldelayline, detector,1768,1771–1772
166,176,215,230,232, 404,409 models,1503
236,265,268,451,798, Binarygoldsequences,87 noise,265
1193,1896,1904 Binaural signal,27,29,31,57,113,697,
Basilarpapilla,1868–1869 cells,1873 1668,1682,1687,1768,
cuecoding,803 1771,1777,1859
Basisspectrum,293,378–379,
381,383–384 dereverberation,209 Brunt-Va¨¨ısa¨la¨ frequency,1444
hearing,200,207–208 Bubaran,348
Batdetectors,1836–1837,1847
maskingleveldifference,237 Bucketbrigade,1358
Baum-Welchalgorithm,312
perception,181 BuriedMarkovmodels,528,550
Bayesian
processing,178 Butterworth,22–23,624,652–653
Crame´r-Raobound,1608
reproduction,755
framework,291
Biophysics,1206
inversion,1637 Biosonar,1900,1905 Calculatedroughness,268,
network,523,526–527 Biottheory,1541–1542 272–273
probabilitynetwork,287 Birth-deathdetectionalgorithm, Calibration,24–25,1120,1288
BCJRalgorithm,seeViterbi 1369 couplers,1298
algorithm Biterrorrate(BER),602, Calltypes,1836,1846,1870,
Beampattern,1490,1716, 827–828,868–871, 1875–1878
1764–1765,1802, 876,919 Capacitivesensors
1804–1805,1813–1814, Bitratereduction,800 application,1344
1904–1905 Blackmanwindow,58,268 electriccircuit,1341
Beamformer,141,692–694,696, Bladepassagefrequencies environmentalconsideration,
698,700,901–903,1714, (BPFs),1076–1077,1079 1343
1717,1762–1767, Blindsourceseparation,292–293, operationprinciple,1339–1341
1770–1771,1776 691,699,904,911 selectionof,1343
delay-and-sum,140–141,694, Blockedpressure,1825 targetandguardplate,1340
697,1762 Blockingmatrix,698,903–904 Cardiacgating,170
high-resolution,1717 Blowhole,429 Cardioids,756,1279
Beamforming,4,139–140, Blowninstruments,420–421, Carpaltunnelsyndrome,1219,
143–144,691–693, 424,431–432 1221
695–700,900–902, Boatwhistle,1860 Categoryscales,219
911–913,1487–1489, Bodessensitivity,1092 Cauchydistribution,1389–1391,
1656–1658,1661,1714, Bootstrapping,1616 1397,1596,1600–1601
1719,1762,1764, Bottomloss,1674–1675,1725 Causalgia,1220
1766–1768,1770,1774, Boundaryelementmethod CDMA2000,607
1776 (BEM),762 CELP,605–606,610,862,865,
blind,699,904 Boundarylayer,640,992,1000, 876,922
data-independent,693–696, 1285,1439,1455, Centralauditorypathway,1868
900–902 1473–1474,1483,1525, Cepstral,188,307,365–366,
filter-and-sum,696 1822–1824 449–450,475–476,478,
least-squares,1489–1490 Boundedinputboundedoutput 480–481,498–499,522,
Beampattern,695 (BIBO),13 1399,1579–1581
Beamwidth-apertureproduct, Bowed-string,403,406 analysis,475
1713 Bowingpressure,421 distance(CD),498–499
1912 Index
representation,365–366 fixed,588 Commonchunk,712
transform,475–476,478,1579 innovative,588–590,605, Commonfocuspoint(CFP)
Cepstrum,1579,1399 608–609 technology,1568
Cerebellardysfunction,1225 Codec Common-midpoint(CMP)
Channelcodewords,857 AMRnarrowband,603 stacking,1552–1553,1559
Channel-optimizedvector freelosslessaudio,801 Communication,1692,1852,
quantization(COVQ), variablebitrate,606 1862,1895
609,875 Code-excitedlinearprediction man-machine,176
Chaoticdynamics,7 (CELP),368,480,603 Commutedwaveguidesynthesis,
Chargesensitivity,1315 Coder 409
Chebyshev,22–24, harmonicvector-excited,877 Comodulationmaskingrelease
Checkerboard,314–316,328 tandemingofspeech,921–923 (CMR),237
Chirp,10,29,90,166,1375,1377 Coding Companding,455
Choip,63 adaptivetransformacoustic Comparisoncalibration,1293,
Choppermicrophone,984, (ATRAC),122,720,811 1303,1307
997–999 binauralcue,803 Comparisoncategoryrating
Chorus,789,1878 channel,602–603,608–610, (CCR),833,838
Chorusing,1878 709,857,869–868, Compensationschemes,205–206
Choruslikeness,324 874–877,918–919 Complementarysensitivity
function,1085–1086,1090,
Chowninglaw,751 frequency-domain,865
1101
Chromaspectrum,307 gap,856
Complexsmoothing,659
Chromavector,307–309,323,328 generalaudio,600
Complexstimulus,243
Chromagram,307 genericmodel,608
Compositionalinterface,334
Chronicneuralgia,1220 harmonic,866
Compressionalwave,1526–1528,
Cinemasound,748,800,1280 linearpredictive,367,449–450,
1537–1538,1542,1547,
Ciphernotation,335 464,466,469–470,
1586,1673,1675,seealsoP
Clarinet,409–410,412,420, 480–481,588
waves
431–432 loss-less,122
Computationalauditoryscene
Classichorntheory,639 multipulselinearprediction,
analysis(CASA),209
Classicalguitar,436 572
Computerassistedcomposition,
Clickdetection,776–777 nonnegativesparsealgorithm,
339
Clickevokedemissions,163 297
Computermusiccomposition,
Clicksuppression,777 RELP,858
333–334,340–341,355
Closedcoupler,1874 sparse,292–293,296–297
Computernotationprograms,
Closed-loopexperiments,1873 transparent,801,804 335
Clustersynthesis,384 SeealsoAudiocoding Concatenationcost,558,
Clusteringalgorithms,328 Cognitiveinformation 564–565,573–574,577
Clusteringsegments,305,315 processing,157 Concatenative,480,558,561,569,
Clustering,310 Cohenclassdistributions,49 573,575,577–578,580–581
CNS,1870,1873 Coherencefunction,70 Concentrationmatrix,526–529
Co-arrayfunction,1489 Coherentfield,1392 Conditionalprobabilitydensity
Coarticulation,560 Coherentpower,47,71 function,1729
Cochlea,151 Coincidencedetection,179,247, Conditionsforstability,1046
Cochlear 1837 Conservationofsoundenergy,
amplification,177 Collage,350–351 1110
excitationpattern,182 Columella,1866–1867 Consistencyparameter,1428
frequencymap,181 Combfunction,137,473 Consonant-vowelsyllables,736
implant,176,1239,1241 Comb-filtereffects,658,672,685, Constantbeamwidthtransducer,
transformation,176 753,757 1801
Cocktailpartyphenomenon,200 Comfortnoise,603,606,828, Constantdelay,estimation,494
Codebook,368,588–590, 910,916,918–918,924 Constantpercentagebandwidth,
605–606,608–610, Commandsignal,1082–1085 33–34,43–44,122
860–862,865,875–876 Commercialseismology, Constant-Qtransform(CQT),308
adaptive,588–590,605–606, 1531–1533 Continuousjudgment,220–221,
610,862 dataacquisitioncosts,1546 224–227
Index 1913
Continuouswave Damping,41,169,200,292,401, Designfrequency,1764–1765,
models,1503 406,411,429–430,624, 1767
parabolicequation,1506–1508 636,641,1141,1147,1167, Detection
Controlledillumination,1568 1175–1176,1178,1252, outlier,1615
Convectivepeak,1825,1827 1254,1257,1267, parameter,1740
Convergencezone,1671, 1270–1272,1276–1277, probability,1749,1754
1687–1688 1391,1635,1637–1638,
threshold,234,237,804,1218,
Conversationtests,833 1640,1645,1648,1786
1190–1194,1235,1429,
Conversationalsituation,822, filter,406
1744–1745,1751,
824–825,831,835,834,923 materialloss,636
1753–1754,1761,1769,
Convolutiontheorem,35–36,40 Darksound,421
1771,1901
Copolymer,1788 DATformat,704–706
Detector
Corpus-basedsynthesis,563 Dataacquisition,17,25
energy,236,1699,1768,1772
Correlationfunction,44,1427, Datacompression,720,854,1900
optimal,185–186
1488–1489,1491,1824 Datamatrix,1560–1561
Costfunction,125,296–297,700, Datavalidation,31 Deterministicsignal,4–5,34,69,
887–888,1038,1058–1060, Datawindow,26,40,53,56–60, 72,73–74,80
1062,1066,1068, 62,898,1494 De-thumping,775–776
1070–1072,1078, Seealsowindow DFT,37–39,53–54,136–138,280,
1090–1091,1152,1155, Day-nightaveragesoundlevel 457–461,779,884,
1577,1636,1731 (DNL),1006–1014, 888–890,892,899,
Couplingeffect,1384 1017–1018 904–905,1132,1368,1774
Covariancematrix,310,312, Decimation,21 Diabetes,1219
526–528,531,535,545, Decisionprocess,218 Diaphragm
547,549,1404,1491,1607, De-clicking,776 acousticimpedance,1258–1259
1611–1613,1707,1715 Decoders,APP,874 damping,1254,1260
COVQ,609,875–876 Decoding,iterative displacement,1249,1261
Crame´r-Raobound,1490 source-channel,874 protectiongrids,1302
Bayesian,1608 Deconvolution
radiation,637
Cranialnerves,1876 Bayesian,1578
tension,641
Cricothyroidmuscle,1846 blind,1575
Dichoticpitch,248
Criticalangle,1676–1675,1684, deterministic,1572–1575,1580
Dielectricconstant,1313–1315,
1687 gapped,1577
1339,1341,1343,1785,
Criticalband,229,233,235,255 homomorphic,1579,1581
1788
filterbank,254–255,501 minimumentropy,1578
Criticalbandwidth,122,233–234, MISO,1610 Differentialmicro-phone,209
236–237,840 predictive,1577–1578 Diffraction,637,679,765,1269
Criticaldistance,1393 spiking,1577 Diffractionkernels,1647
Criticalratio,1859 statistical,1575–1576, Diffusefieldequalization,764
Cross-channeleffects,1217 1580–1581 Diffusesoundfieldmethod,
Cross-correlation surface-consistent,1579–1581 936–938,945–946
factors,272 Wiener-Levinson,1574–1575 Diffusezone,1631
function,44–46,94,178,495, Deepsoundchannel,1671,1673 Diffuse-field,1255,1294,
957,959–961,972–973, Degradationcategoryrating 1300–1301,1303
1488,1491 (DCR),500,833,836–838 Digitalanalyzers,119
generalized,904 Degreeofmodulation,264–265, Digitalaudio
Crossfading,725 271–272
broadcast,719,800
Crossovernetwork,410 De-hissing,778–780
editing,723
Cross-spectrum,46,69 Delayestimationtechnique,
restoration,774
Curiepoint,1784 494–495
stationaryhead,705–706
Curve-fittingmethod,951 Delayvariation,652,659–660
Cut-and-spliced,727 Delays,672,786–787,1049 Digitalcompactcassette(DCC),
C-weightings,109,110 Delay-sensitiveresponses,1839 800
Cyclicredundancycheck(CRC), Delta-Sigma(DS),19,21–22,24 Digitalfilter,368
608,870 DEMON,1773 Digitalformats,706,718
Cyclostationaryprocesses,10 Denoising,49,779,792 Digitalprocessingschemes,210
Cymbal,1804,1806–1807 Depthmigration,1589 Digitalrecorders,704,1863–1865
1914 Index
Digitalrecording,22,187,323, Disturbance,812,1015,1082, Earth
704,1858,1863–1864, 1091 anisotropy,1529
1899–1900 density,510 compositionandstructure,
Digitalsignalprocessing(DSP), index(DIX)model,813 1523
3,111,205,209,400,457, rejection,1082 seismicwaveattenuation,1530
558,651,655,658,794, DIVAauralizationsystem,762 velocity,1528
885,984,1759, DOAseeDirectionofarrival ECtheory,182
Digital-to-analogconverter,20, Dolbydigitalsurround,720 Echo
560,1772 Dolph-Chebyshevwindow,58–59, cancellation,825–828,844,
Digitalversatiledisk(DVD), 696 883–885,887,891,897,
720–723 Dolphins,1897,1899–1901, 904,909–912,916–919,
Digitalwaveguide,368,400–404, 1903–1905 923–924
766–768 Domaintransferfunctions,1098 canceller,825,828,832,
Dijkgraaf,1835 Dopplereffect,789,791,967, 836–837,844,913,
Diphones,560–563,572 1332,1778,1839,1841 916–920,922–924
Directstreamtransfer(DST),722 Dopplershift,1330,1332–1333, colors,1840
Directionofarrival,286,1403, 1735,1741–1742,1777, freeconnection,826
1498,1773 1841–1842 loss,824,844–845,916–917,
estimation,1402–1405,1407, Dopplervibrometer,1179, 919,923
1774 1402–1404 pathmodels,890–891
Directionalfiltering,763,765, Dorsomedullarynucleus,1868 suppression,883–884,891,912,
1655 Double-modulator/single-carrier 916
Directionalhearing,1872,1905 (DMSC)FM,389 Echolocation,1903,1905
performance,1838–1844
Directionality,1278,1281,1284, Double-talkdetection,890
Eckartfilter,1492
1761,1867,1873–1874, DPOAEfinestructure,165
Editdecisionlist(EDL),717,725,
1894 DPOAEI/Ofunctions,164–165
727
figure-of-eight,1278–1279 DSD-IFFFileFormat,716
Editpoint,724–728
Directivityindex,694,697,763, 3-Dtriangularsurveying,1408
Editingdigitaltaperecordings,
1744,1761,1823 DualchannelFFTanalysis,69
706
Directivitypatterns,1279–1280, Dualresonancenonlinear
Editingmodes,727–728
1411 (DRNL),177
effects,236
Discofuncertainty,1089 Duplextheoryofpitch
EFR-GSM,591,603
Discontinuoustransmission perception,183
Eigenfrequencies,421,433,436,
(DTX),603,606,828,919 Dynamiclinearity,1308–1309
438–442,1382–1385,1388,
Discretecosinetransform(DCT), Dynamicprocessing,793–794
1391
802 Dynamicrange,136,1249,1260,
distribution,1386
Discretefouriertransform(DFT), 1264
spacing,1383
37–39,53–54,136–138, compression,205–206
Eigenvaluespread,888,1047,
280,457–461,778–779, Dynamicthermalmodel,634
1051,1060–1061,1064,
884,888–890,892,899, Dynamictimewarping(DTW),
1074
904–905,1132, 320
adaptivedecomposition,904
1368,1774 Dynamictortuosity,1168
Eikonalequation,1441,1443,
Discretemeasurements,136 Dynamite,1546,1548,1554 1445–1456,1504
Discriminationlimens,1871
Electricalanalogcircuits,1874
Dispersionerror,767–768 Electricalstimulators,
Displacementoverload,660 EAAC+,600–601 1236–1237,1240
Dissonance,263 Ear Electroacousticanalogies,176
Distancemeasure,308,500, bone,1866 Electrodynamicshaker,1143,
503–506,508,510,580 defender,169,1094,1097 1145,1148
Distortion,201 dermis,1186 Electroencephalography(EEG),
components,72 epidermis,1186 167–168,738–739,780
emissions,164 pinna,147 Electro-mechanicalcoupling,
peaks,74 stapes,147,150–151,1866 1253
product,72,74–75,78, tympanum,149,1866–1867 Elicitation,1598,1603–1605
163–165,236 VIIIthcranialnerve,1868 EMalgorithm,EM,291,521,
Distributedsystems,14 Eardrumvibration,1873 525,530
Index 1915
EmbeddedCodec,604–606 475–476,478,480,572, elliptical,23
Embouchurecontrol,411 575–576,588–589,855,869 exponential,135
Emissionsoundpressurelevel, spectra,270 extendedmultidelay,890
1126 Expectation-maximization(EM), FIR,116,592,654–655,766,
Empiricalmodels,1501, 290,521–522 888,1042,1051
1511–1512,1594 Extratympanicsensitivity,1873 high-slopeanaloguecrossover,
Endfire,697,1763,1767 Eyringformula,680 654
Energyspectraldensity(ESD), in-phase/quadrature,121
34,42 inverse,67
Energysplittingloss,1747 F0estimation,278 Kalman,978,1701,1705,
Entropy-satisfying multiple,284 1708–1709,1778
upwind-differencing Fastfieldprogram,1680 latticedigital,403
scheme,1456 FastFourierTransform(FFT), linearphase,120,406,654,660
Envelopeextraction,255 26,33,38,53,67,88,99, loop,406
Envelopefluctuations,265 377,805,1130,1765,
matched,49,67,157,185,775,
Equaltemperament,289,333, 1900 777,1699,1738–1744,
337,346 FastMLSTransform(FMT),97 1869
Equalizationcancellation(EC), FastTransversalFilters(FTF),
mel,308
179 888
multidelay,889
Equal-loudnesscontours, Featurevector,305,307–313,
Octave-and
251–252,1194 316,318,320,323–325,
fractional-octave-band,
Equivalentcircuitmodel,1798 328,521,526,528
112–113
Equivalentrectangular FederalAviationAdministration,
perceptual,masking,122
bandwidth(ERB), 1017
pluck,409
235–236,255 FederalInteragencyCommittee
polynomialsmoothing,776
Errorsensor,1024–1026,1030, onNoise(FICON),1008
prediction-error,1641
1032,1061 Feedback
pure-state,1492,1494
ESPRIT,1490,1774 amplifier,408
Estimation combandallpassfilters,794 synthesis,572,588–589,592,
597,599,609,865,888
algorithms,294,296,485,506 controlsystems,1081
parametric,1699 controller,1026,1048, Tikhonov,135
Estimator,1610–1611, 1051–1052,1054, transversal,125
1616–1617,1700,1703 1082–1083,1098–1103 waveguidedigital,368
perception-based,499–500 FM,390,393–394 SeealsoFiniteImpulse
robust,1610,1614 linearresonantcontroller,1054 Response(FIR)filters
Euler’sequation,1110,1116, loops,185 Filterbank,156–157,179,
1282 nonlinear,408 186–187,206,238,
Euler-Lagrangeequation,1442 reduction,684,686–687 254–255,270,501–502,
EuropeanBroadcastingUnion Feedforward,1024–1025, 504,805,809,865,
(EBU),715 1029–1030,1032–1033, 888–889,1366,1370,1372,
Eustachiantube,149–150,1867 1044,1051–1054, 1840,1842,1893
Evanescent 1081–1082,1092, nonlinear,238
filter,1134 1099–1103 Filtered-referenceLMS,
waves,133–135,1129,1131, Feedforwardcombfilter,788 1044–1045,1047–1049,
1133,1136 Femaleresponsecall,1875 1051
Evokedresponseaudiometry Fermat’sprincipleofstationarity, Filtering,statisticaltechniques,
(ERA),156,166 1442 209
EVRC,607 Ferroelectric,1313–1315,1317, Filtersanddelays,786
Excitation 1783–1784,1788–1789 Filtersdiscriminatesignals,119
components,476 Field-effecttransistor(FET), Finiteandboundaryelement
pattern,154,182,238,254, 1251 methods,662
268–270,1893 Filters Finitedifference(FD),401,424,
-plus-resonance(EpR),367 allpass,401,406,786,790,794, 1284,1456
-resonancemodel,361 892 approximation,1117–1118
signal,66–67,69,71–75,78–81, crossover,651 error,1117
87,102,362,364,366,451, digitaldesign,401 formulation,427
459,464,469,471, dispersion,405–406 timedomain,401,762