LIST OF APHRODISIACS Throughout this book, vast numbers of animal, vegetable and mineral

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APPENDIX 1: LIST OF APHRODISIACS
Throughout this book, vast numbers of animal, vegetable and mineral
substances have been considered as potential aphrodisiacs on the basis
of their historical or mythical reputations. Although the large majority
of purported aphrodisiacs can be immediately refuted as totally
spurious, the enduring credulity of mankind is amply illustrated by the
following list of the potential aphrodisiacs referred to in the principal
references quoted in the text. The sheer number and variety of sub
stances should be sufficient to induce a healthy scepticism in the
reader:
Absinthe Arris root
Acarus calamus (sweet flag) Arrowroot
Adrenaline Artemisia (wormwood)
Adrenochrome Artichoke (globe)
Advocaat Asparagus
Affion (Chinese opium) Aubergine
Agate (precious stone) Avocado pear
Alchone (herb) Bamboo shoots
Alcohol (in all forms) Banana
Allspice Banisteria caapi (plant source of
Almonds harmine alkaloids)
Almond soup Banyan
Aloes (bitter essence) Barbel
Alpine gentian Basil (sweet herb)
Amanita muscaria (toxic fungus Bathing
containing muscarine) Beans
Amaranth (love-lies-bleeding) Beef
Ambergris Beer
Anacyclus pyrethrum Beetroot
Analeptics (stimulant drugs) Belladonna (deadly nightshade,
Anchovy source of atropine)
Angel water (an early perfume) Benedictine
Anise (source of aniseed) Betel nut
Ants (substitute for cantharides) Bhang (cannabis)
Anvalli (tropical nut) Bhuya-Kokali (plant of the
'Aphrodisin' (proprietary remedy Solanaceae family; contains
containing yohimbine) alkaloids)
Apium petroselinum (parsley) Bird's-nest soup
Apple Birthwort
Apricot brandy Blood
Aquamarine (precious stone) Bois Bande (West Indian tree)
Areca palm (betel-nut tree) Bones (of peacock or hyena)
Armagnac Borax
Arrack Brains
257
258 Appendix 1: List of Aphrodisiacs
Brandy Co d liver oil
Brassica eruca (rocket) Cod's roe
Brewer's yeast Cointreau
Broad-bean soup Cola drinks
Broccoli Cola nuts
Bufotenin Colewort
Burgundy wine Coriander
Buttermilk baths Cow wheat
B-vitamins Crab
Cabbage Crab apples
Cactus (hallucinogenic peyote) Crayfish
Calabash (gourd) Cream
Calamint Creme de menthe
Calcium Cress
Calisia (Peruvian tree bark) Crocodile tail
Camel bone Crocodile teeth
Camel's fat Cubeb (pepper berries)
Camel's milk Cucumber
Camphor Cumin
Cannabis Curry
Cannelloni Cuttle-fish
Cantharides Cyclamen root
Caperberry Damiana (plant extracts)
Capsicum (pepper plant) Dandelion wine
Caraway Darnel (a species of grass)
Cardamon Dates
Cardoon (artichoke-like plant) Deer antlers
Carrot Deer sperm
Castor oil Diasatyrion (plant root)
Caviar Dill
Celaton CH3 plus (procaine) Dog-stones (orchid root)
Cevadille (spurge plant) Dove brains
Celery Dragon's blood (plant resin)
Champagne Drambuie
Chartreuse liqueur Drepang (sea slug)
Cheese Dried frog
Cherries Dried liver
Chervil Duck (Peking)
Chestnuts Du[z (perfume)
Chick peas Dumplings
Chicken Eels
Chillies Eggs
Chives Egg-plant (aubergine)
Chocolate Elderberry wine
Chutney Endive
Cider Eryngo
Cinchona Euphorbium
Cinnamon E-vitarnin
Civet Falernia
Clams Fennel
Cloves Figs
Cocaine Fish
Cockle bread Fleawort
Cockles Frangipane (Olibanum)
Appendix 1: List of Aphrodisiacs 259
French Onion Soup Isinglass
Frogs' bones Italian soup (calves' heel, crayfish,
Frogs' legs carrots, celery and shallots)
Fruit Jasmine
Galanga (plant root) Julep
Galantine Julienne (soup)
Gall Juniper
Game Kahawi (fish)
Garlic Karengro (plant)
Gentian Kasurika (Indian fruit)
Ghee Kava
Gillyflower Kedgeree
Ginger Keitafo banlon (contemporary quack
Ginseng remedy from Hong Kong)
Glucose Kelp
Goats' eyes Kidney
Goat suet Kidney bean
Goats' testicles Kipper
Goose Kite (dead flesh of)
Gopalika (plant) Kshirika (plant)
Gossypion Kuili (Hindu remedy)
Goulash Kummel
Grape juice Kyphi (Egyptian remedy)
Green pepper Lamb
Guduchi (Indian plant) Lamprey
Guinea fowl Lard
Haddock Lavender
Haggis Lecithin
Halibut Lentils
Hallucinogenic drugs Lion fat
Ham Liquorice
Hare soup Liver
Haricot beans Lizard
Harmine (alkaloid) Lobster
Hashish Lotus flower
Hedysarum gangeticum Lycopodium (root)
Hellebore Mackerel
Hemlock Madeira wine
Henbane Maerua arenaria (Indian herb)
Henna Ma·Fu·Shuan (Chinese remedy)
Herbs Maidenhair fern
Herissah (dish of mutton and pepper) Maize
Herring Mallow
Hippomanes Mandrake
Honey Mango
Horseradish Marijuana
Hydrocotyle Marjoram
Hydromel (honey and water) Marrow (vegetable)
Hyssop Marzipan
Ibogene Mastic resin
Indian hemp Mead
Intestines Meadow sweet (Filipendula ulmaria)
Iodine Meat
Iron Melon
260 Appendix 1: List ofA phrodisiacs
Membrum virile Parsley
Mescaline Parsnip
Milk Partes genitales
Mineral waters Partridge
Mint Pastries
Moh tree (source of arrack) Peaches
Molasses Pears
Molluscs Peas
Moly (wild garlic) Pellitory
Mugwort Pennyroyal
Mulberry Pepper
Muscat (wine) Peppermint
Mushrooms Perfumes
Musk Periwinkle
Mussels Perry
Mustard Perspiration
Mutton Pheasant
Myosotis (forget-me-not) Phosphorus
Myrrh Pigeon
Myrtle Pimento
Nail parings Pine nuts
Navelwort Pineapple
Necks of snails Pizza ururdu
Nectar Plaice
Nectarine Plantain (tropical fruit)
Nedde (Arab perfume) Plovers' eggs
Negus (mulled wine) Plums
Nepenthe (opium) Polignonia (mediaeval herb)
Nettles Pomegranate
Niacin Poonac (coconut extract)
Nicotine Pork in milk
Ninjin (Japanese plant root) Port wine
Nuoc-Man (Chinese remedy including Potatoes
decayed fish and salt) Poteen
Nutmeg Prawns
Nuts Premna spinosa (Hindu remedy)
Nux vomica (strychnine) Prune liqueurs
Nymphaea (water lily: Hindu Pumpkin seed
remedy) Punch
Oatmeal Pyrethrum (pellitory)
Octopus Quail
Oils Quassia (South American tree)
Ointments Queen apple
Olibanum Quince
Ololuigui Quinine
Onion Rabbit pie
Onion seed Radish
Opium Radix chinae
Orchid Rakta-Bol (Hindu name for myrrh)
Origanum (marjoram) Raspberries
Orris Rauwolfia (source of resperine)
Oysters Ray
Papaw Red pepper
Paprika Reptiles
Appendix 1: List of Aphrodisiacs 261
Rhubarb So uthernwood
Riboflavin (B-group vitamin) Soya bean
Rice Spanish flies
Rice oil (extract of Ruta graveolens) Sparrows
Rocket (vegetable) Spearmint
Roes Sperm
Rook heart Spikenard (aromatic extract of
Rosemary oriental plant)
Rubber Spinach
Rue Spurges
Rum Storgethron (Greek plant, probably
Safflower the leek)
Saffron Stramonium (Datura plant)
Sage Strawberries
Salads Sturgeon
Salep (prepared from orchid roots) Surag (plant root)
Salmon Swallow's nest soup
Samphire Swans' genitals
Sandalwood Sweet flag
Scandix cerepolium Sweet potato
Sansevieria (plant included in a Syllabub
Hindu recipe) Tallow
Santonin (extracted from Artemisia) Taro plant
Sapodilla Tarpon
Sarsaparilla Tarragon
Sassafras Testes
Satyrion (unidentified plant used in Thorn-apple (Datura stramonium)
Roman times) Thyme
Sausages Tokay
Sauterne wine Tomatoes
Savory Tonka (extract from tonquin beans)
Scallops Tripe
Scammony Truffles
Schnapps Turmeric
Sea-slug Turnips
Sedative-hypnotic drugs Uchchata (Indian plant)
Semen Udders
Sesame Unicorn
Sex glands of animals Urid seeds (Indian chick peas)
Shallot Valerian
Sheeps'trotters Vanilla
Shellfish Vatodbhranta (plant included in a
Sherry Hindu recipe)
Shimyaan (South African drink) Veal
Shlakshnaparni (Indian plant) Venison
Shrimps Vermicelli
Shvadaustra (Hindu recipe) Vermouth
Skink Vinegar
Skirret Vitamins
Sloe gin Vodka
Snails Vulva of the sow
Snuff Weasel ashes
Sole Well water
Soups Wheatgerm
262 Appendix 1: List ofA phrodisiacs
Whiting Woodruff
Wild poppy Wormwood
Wild rue Yam
Wine Yarrow
Winged ants Yeast
Winkles Yellow-wood
Witch-hazel Yoghurt
Woodcock Yohimbine
APPENDIX 2: EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM
In order to understand how drugs exert their effects it is necessary to
understand something of the functioning of the nervous system. Sexual
function is dependent upon the activity of both the peripheral nervous
system and the central nervous system (eNS), which consists of the
brain and spinal cord. The electrical conducti9n of impulses along
nerves provides the body with a very rapid means of communicating
information. Where nerves form junctions, or synapses, a chemica!
neurotransmitter is released which acts like a highly local hormone
and enables the impulse signal to be transmitted to the next nerve.
Junctions between nerves in the periphery are called ganglia. In addi
tion to communicating with each other, nerves, or neurones as they are
termed, can transmit signals to other tissues such as the muscles or
glands. Different nerves use different chemical transmitters, the best
known probably being noradrenaline, the transmitter responsible for
stimulating the heart and blood vessels.
Virtually all the drugs which act through the nervous system either
potentiate or antagonize some aspect of the function of the rieuro
transmitters. Several clinically used drugs have been found to have
unexpected effects on sexual functioning, usually as a result of some
interaction with a neurotransmitter in an unrelated part of the nervous
system. The drugs which are abused are all active in the eNS and tend
to be taken precisely for the effects which would be regarded as un
desirable in a clinical situation.
The main divisions of the nervous system are set out in Table A.2.1.
The peripheral nervous system consists of sensory nerves which receive
information from the environment, motor nerves which control the
voluntary muscles, and the autonomic nerves over which we have little
conscious control and which are divided into the sympathetic and
parasympathetic systems. Normal sexual activity requires the intact
functioning of all these different nerve types, and the eNS neuro
transmitters are important in the regulation of mood, alertness and
the libido.
263
264 Appendix 2
Table A.2.1: Main Divisions of the Nervous System
System Transmitter Sites of Action
Cholinergic Acetylcholine Peripheral ganglia, motor nerves to
voluntary muscles, peripheral para
sympathetic nerves and throughout
the CNS
Adrenergic Noradrenaline Peripheral sympathetic nerves and
throughout the CNS
Dopaminergic Dopamine Nigrostriatal pathway and limbic areas
of brain
Serotonergic 5-hydroxytryptamine Striatal area of brain and some specific
pathways
BIBLIOGRAPHY
This list is by no means exhaustive; I have attempted to keep the text
references to a minimum while, at the same time, including some
specific references to which the reader may wish to refer for further
detailed information. The list below contains, for each chapter, some
general sources of background information together with the specific
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Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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