Lishman's organic psychiatry : a textbook of neuropsychiatry

956 Pages·2012·12.298 MB·English

by  Anthony S. David, Simon Fleminger, Michael D. Kopelman, Simon Lovestone, John D.C. Mellers

L ISHMAN’S
Organic Psychiatry
A Textbook of Neuropsychiatry
Anthony S. David
Simon Fleminger
Michael D. Kopelman
Simon Lovestone
John D.C. Mellers
foreword by
Marshal Folstein
FOURTH EDITION
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication

L ISHMAN’S
Organic Psychiatry

L ISHMAN’S
Organic Psychiatry
A Textbook of Neuropsychiatry
Anthony S. David
Simon Fleminger
Michael D. Kopelman
Simon Lovestone
John D.C. Mellers
foreword by
Marshal Folstein
FOURTH EDITION
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
© This edition fi rst published 1987, 1988 by William Alwyn Lishman, 1978 Blackwell Science Ltd,
2009 Anthony David, Simon Fleminger, Michael Kopelman, Simon Lovestone, John Mellers and
William A Lishman
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Lishman’s organic psychiatry : a textbook of neuropsychiatry / Anthony David . . . [et al.]. – 4th ed.
p. ; cm.
Rev. ed. of: Organic psychiatry / William Alwyn Lishman. 3rd. ed. 1998.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN: 978-1-4051-1860-6
1. Neuropsychiatry. 2. Neurobehavioral disorders–Etiology.
[DNLM: 1. Brain Diseases–complications. 2. Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive
Disorders–etiology. 3. Neurobehavioral Manifestations. WM 220 L7692 2006] I. Title: Organic
psychiatry. II. David, Anthony S. III. Lishman, William Alwyn. Organic psychiatry.
RC386.L57 2006
616.89′071–dc22
2006005025
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Set in 9.25/12 pt Palatino by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong
Printed in Singapore by Fabulous Printers Pte Ltd.
1 2009
Contents
Contributor List, vi 6 Epilepsy, 309
Foreword, vii 7 Intracranial Infections, 397
Preface to the First Edition, ix 8 Cerebrovascular Disorders, 473
Preface to the Fourth Edition, xi 9 Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias (Including
Pseudodementias), 543
Part 1 | Principles 10 Endocrine Diseases and Metabolic Disorders, 617
1 Basic Concepts in Neuropsychiatry, 3 11 Addictive and Toxic Disorders, 689
2 Neuropsychology in Relation to Psychiatry, 29 12 Movement Disorders, 745
3 Clinical Assessment, 103 13 Sleep Disorders, 817
14 Other Disorders of the Nervous System, 845
Part 2 | Specific disorders
4 Head Injury, 167 Index, 907
5 Cerebral Tumours, 281 Colour plates are found facing p. 468

v
Contributor List
Mayur Bodani, MRCP MRCPsych Neil A. Harrison, MBBS PhD MRCP MRCPsych
Consultant Neuropsychiatrist Clinical Research Fellow
Department of Neuropsychiatry Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience & Wellcome Trust
West Kent Neurorehabilitation Unit Centre for Neuroimaging
Sevenoaks Hospital University College;
Sevenoaks Honorary SpR Neuropsychiatry
Kent National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery
London
Max Henderson, MBBS MSc MRCP MRCPsych
Meryl Dahlitz, MRCPsych
Locum Consultant and Lecturer in Liaison Psychiatry
Honorary Research Fellow
Department of Psychological Medicine
Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
Institute of Psychiatry
Institute of Psychiatry
King’s College
King’s College
London
London
Michael D. Kopelman, PhD FBPsS FRCPsych
Professor of Neuropsychiatry
Anthony S. David, FRCP FRCPsych MSc MD FMedSci Institute of Psychiatry
Professor of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry King’s College, London;
Institute of Psychiatry Consultant Neuropsychiatrist (St Thomas’ Hospital)
King’s College, London; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist London
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
Simon Lovestone, PhD MRCPsych
London
Professor of Old Age Psychiatry
NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health;

Michael D. Dilley, BSc MB MRCPsych MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research;
Consultant & Honorary Senior Lecturer Departments of Psychological Medicine and Neuroscience
Central & North West London NHS Foundation Trust Institute of Psychiatry
Soho Centre for Health and Care King’s College
London London
Nuria Mellado-Calvo, MSc MRCPsych
Locum Consultant Psychiatrist
Simon Fleminger, PhD FRCP FRCPsych
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
Consultant Neuropsychiatrist
London
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
London John D.C. Mellers, MBBS MRCPsych
Consultant Neuropsychiatrist
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
Marshal Folstein, MD
London
Professor of Psychiatry
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions; Laurence J. Reed, PhD MRCPsych
Professor of Psychiatry Lecturer in Addiction Neurobiology
Tufts School of Medicine Institute of Psychiatry
Boston, MA King’s College
USA London
vi
Foreword
It is an honour to introduce to readers the fourth edition of of psychological states with blood vessels, glia and cortical
Professor Alwyn Lishman’s landmark book Organic Psychia- structures. Jaspers’ book defi ned the methods of psychiatry
try: The Psychological Consequences of Cerebral Disorder, newly and also compiled the elements of the mental state to be
titled Lishman’s Organic Psychiatry: A Textbook of Neuropsychi- explained or understood in relation to neurological and
atry. Since its fi rst publication in 1978, I have regularly social conditions.
referred to it in my clinical work and research on the psychi- Organic Psychiatry also refl ects the thought of Jaspers’
atric aspects of neurological disorders. colleague in Heidelberg, Wilhelm (Willi) Mayer-Gross.
It was one of the fi rst modern texts to compile knowledge Mayer-Gross came to London in 1934 to work with Mapother
of psychiatric aspects of neurological disorders, including at the Bethlem and Maudsley hospitals. In 1939 he moved to
cognition, mood, delusions, hallucinations, obsessions and Birmingham to teach and conduct research in psychiatry.
phobia. Before its publication, patients who had neurologi- Lishman was to become a medical student there a decade
cal disorders were often deprived of expert psychiatric care, later. Mayer-Gross’s major infl uence on Lishman most likely
and clinical research workers could not take advantage of came through his textbook, Clinical Psychiatry, which he
these experiments of nature to aid their search for brain– wrote with Eliot Slater and Martin Roth. As a neurology resi-
mind connections. Organic Psychiatry provided a basis for dent I was delighted to fi nd a psychiatric text that presented
neuropsychiatric training, patient care and research. the material in a straightforward descriptive manner, similar
Until early in the 20th century, neurology and psychiatry to a textbook of internal medicine. Clinical Psychiatry in-
were, in a number of countries, considered to be a single dis- cluded chapters on Alzheimer’s disease and other neuro-
cipline, but then neurologists such as Charcot and Freud logical disorders that cause psychiatric symptoms. It
postulated psychological and social roots for anxiety and published Meyer’s case taking notes and a brief, scored cog-
abnormal behaviours, thus differentiating ne urology from nitive examination that infl uenced my formulation of the
psychiatry. Soon, psychiatrists were receiving minimal neu- Mini Mental State examination. Lishman generally followed
rological training and neurologists were receiving minimal Mayer-Gross’s approach, expanding the sections on neuro-
psychiatric training. This separation had many conse- logical disorder and more importantly providing evidence
quences, not the least of which was the need for psychiatrists for and against assertions that a particular disease caused
to be reintroduced to the psychiatric aspects of neurological specifi c symptoms.
disorders. Professor Lishman’s historic text, in its several Finally, Lishman was encouraged to undertake the
iterations, has fi lled this need and fostered the development writing of the book by Aubrey Lewis, the fi rst Chairman of
of the subspecialty of neuropsychiatry. the Institute of Psychiatry in London who created what
Several psychiatrists who worked in the years prior to the Jaspers called ‘the genius of place’ that produced Lishman
publication of the fi rst edition directly or indirectly infl u- and many other important 20th-century psychiatrists. Denis
enced Lishman’s work. Adolph Meyer, a psychiatrist and a Hill, who succeeded Lewis as Chairman, continued this
neuroanatomist, invented a method for documenting the encouragement and wrote the foreword to the fi rst edition
psychological and social context of mental states, now known of the book.
as the ‘case taking notes’, which remains a framework for Each and every chapter of the fourth edition of Organic
observations necessary for the formulation of individual Psychiatry has been comprehensively revised and updated
cases and for research conjectures. At about the same time, by a small group of experts, lead by Tony David, Lishman’s
Karl Jaspers published the monumental General Psychopa- successor at the Maudsley Hospital/Institute of Psychiatry,
thology. Jaspers was trained by Franz Nissl who was inter- who have maintained the tradition set by Alwyn Lishman
ested in cortical–subcortical connections and the correlation and invigorated it. The new textbook has expanded sections
vii