Liquid Silicone Rubber: Chemistry, Materials, and Processing

321 Pages·2019·3.827 MB·English

by  Johannes Karl Fink

Liquid Silicone Rubber
Scrivener Publishing
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Publishers at Scrivener
Martin Scrivener ([email protected])
Phillip Carmical ([email protected])
Liquid Silicone Rubber
Chemistry, Materials, and Processing
Johannes Karl Fink
This edition first published 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN 978-1-119-63133-0
Cover image: Pixabay.Com
Cover design by Russell Richardson
Set in size of 11pt and Minion Pro by Manila Typesetting Company, Makati, Philippines
Printed in the USA
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Preface xi
1 Materials 1
1.1 History 1
1.2 Properties 1
1.2.1 Tracking and Erosion Resistance 1
1.2.2 Enhancing Strength 4
1.2.3 Surface Treatment 7
1.2.4 Adhesion Properties 12
1.2.5 Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Film 17
1.2.6 Storage Stability 20
1.2.7 Thermal Stability 21
1.2.8 Hydrophobed Pyrogenic Silica Filler 22
1.2.9 Superhydrophobic Materials 22
1.2.10 Thermally Conductive Materials 24
1.2.11 Shape-Memory Materials 26
1.2.12 Thermally Conductive Grease 27
1.2.13 Self-Healing Materials 29
1.2.14 Flame Retardancy 31
1.3 SpecialMaterials 34
1.3.1 Borosilicones and Viscoelastic Silicone Rubbers 34
1.3.2 Acrylo-Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane 39
1.3.3 Cellulose Nanocomposites 40
1.3.4 Fluorine-Containing Poly(phenylsilsesquioxane) 40
1.3.5 Silicone Rubber Overmolded Poly(carbonate)s 41
1.3.6 Urethane-Containing Silane 42
1.3.7 Glass Fiber Fabric 44
1.3.8 Foams 46
1.3.9 Addition Type Liquid Phenyl Silicone Rubber 48
1.3.10 Organic Foaming Agent 50
1.3.11 Foams without Chemical Blowing Agents 52
v
vi Contents
1.3.12 Epoxy-Silicone Copolymer 53
References 57
2 Methods 63
2.1 Special Curing Methods 63
2.1.1 Precision Casting 63
2.1.2 Hybrid Additive Manufacturing 64
2.1.3 Peroxide Curing 64
2.1.4 Ultraviolet Curing 68
2.1.5 Addition-Curable Compositions 70
2.1.6 Liquid Injection Molding 72
2.1.7 Hot Embossing 73
2.2 Hydrosilylation Catalysts 73
2.3 Recoating Methods 74
2.4 Shaped Elastomeric Bodies 75
2.4.1 Tailoring of Elastomers 77
2.4.2 Reinforcement of Elastomers 78
References 81
3 Automotive and Underwater Applications 85
3.1 Automotive Applications 85
3.1.1 Turbocharger Hose 85
3.1.2 Automotive Airbags 87
3.1.3 Silicone Rubber Sponge 107
3.1.4 Dilatant Fluid 111
3.1.5 Thermally Conductive Adhesive Composition 112
3.1.6 Automobile Exhaust Systems 115
3.2 Underwater Vehicles 116
3.2.1 Buoyancy Control Device 116
References 118
4 Electrical and Optical Uses 121
4.1 Electrically Conductive Silicone Rubber 121
4.1.1 Conductive Liquid Silicone Rubber-Based
Composites 122
4.1.2 Effect of Shape and Size of Nickel-Coated Particles
on Conductivity 123
4.2 High-Voltage Insulation 124
4.2.1 Platinum Catalyst and Nitrogen-Containing Silane 124
4.2.2 Amine-Containing MQ Silicone Resin 125
4.2.3 Tracking and Erosion Requirements 126
Contents vii
4.3 Silicone Rubber Composite Insulators 127
4.3.1 Electrical Insulator 128
4.3.2 Liquid Silicone Rubber Exposed to Acid Fog 137
4.3.3 Tracking and Erosion Resistance 139
4.3.4 ColorFading 140
4.3.5 Improving Tracking Resistance and Flame
Retardancy 140
4.4 ElectromagneticWave Absorber 143
4.5 Suppression of Surface Charge 143
4.5.1 Outdoor Insulation Materials 143
4.5.2 Antistatic Compositions 144
4.6 Heat Dissipation Devices 148
4.6.1 Liquid-Encapsulation Heat Dissipation Member 149
4.6.2 Loop Heat Pipe 149
4.7 Optical Fiber Sensor 152
4.8 Optical Semiconductor Device 153
4.9 Light-Emitting Devices 154
4.9.1 Composition for a Light-Emitting Diode 154
4.9.2 Encapsulating Materials 156
4.9.3 Waterproof LED Lamp 157
4.9.4 High Precision Optics 158
4.10 Capacitance Sensors 159
4.11 Dielectric Elastomer Transducers 159
4.12 SolarCells 161
4.12.1 Foamed Sealing Materials 163
4.13 Portable Electronic Devices 164
4.14 Cable Accessories 165
4.14.1 Water DiffusionModel 165
4.14.2 Cold Shrink Splices 166
4.14.3 Lubricious Cable Jackets for Medical Uses 168
4.15 Electrophotography 173
4.15.1 Electrophotographic Fixing Device 173
4.15.2 Electrophotographic Copy Machine 175
4.16 Secondary Battery Pack 185
4.17 Pressure and Temperature Sensor 189
4.18 Piezoresistive Device 191
4.19 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells 193
4.19.1 Degradation Experiments 193
4.20 Light-Emitting Diodes 196
4.21 Recycling of Used Composite Electric Isolators 197
viii Contents
4.22 Triboelectric Nanogenerator forWearable Electronics 198
4.23 Large Specific Surface Area Electrodes 199
4.24 Casing 199
References 201
5 Medical Uses 209
5.1 Sensors for Medical Application 209
5.1.1 Piezoresistant Sensor 209
5.1.2 Pressure Sensor 211
5.1.3 Flexible Pressure Sensor 212
5.1.4 Intraocular Pressure Sensor 213
5.1.5 RodTemplate 213
5.1.6 Cupping Appliance Device 215
5.2 Materials for Medical Instruments and Uses 220
5.2.1 Wound Regeneration 220
5.2.2 Prostate Brachytherapy 221
5.2.3 Breast Implants 222
5.2.4 Implant with Reinforcing Fibers 223
5.2.5 Hair Implants 224
5.2.6 Nasal Implants 227
5.2.7 Injectable Implants 227
5.2.8 3D Printing of Medical Implants 229
5.2.9 Voice Prostheses 230
5.2.10 Implantable Medical Leads 231
5.2.11 Cochlear Electrode Array 232
5.2.12 Wear of the Total Intervertebral Disc Prosthesis 234
5.2.13 Hand-Actuated Retention Catheter 234
5.2.14 Medical Catheter 237
5.2.15 Silicone-Coated Stents 241
5.2.16 Suture Sleeve 242
5.2.17 Silicone Tubings 243
5.2.18 Fresnel Lenses 244
5.3 Biomaterials 245
5.3.1 Bioactive Peptides Grafted Silicone Dressings 245
5.3.2 Antibacterial and Antibiofouling Clay
Nanotube-Silicone Composites 246
5.3.3 Biofunctionalization with Microgroove-Patterned
Surface 247
5.3.4 Bionic Composites 248
5.4 Pharmaceutical Compositions 249
References 258
Contents ix
6 Other Uses 265
6.1 Non-aqueous Organic Product Sensor 265
6.2 Synthetic Leather 267
6.3 Two-Part Curable Composition 268
6.4 Microchannel Thermocured Silicone Rubber 270
6.5 Dry Cleaning of Surfaces 271
6.6 AdhesiveTapes 275
6.7 Capsules for Beverages 277
6.8 Usage forToner 280
6.9 Acoustic Applications 284
6.10 High Temperature Gas Line Heater System 286
6.11 Cosmetic Compositions 290
6.11.1 Crosslinked Silicone Rubber Powder 290
6.12 SilkFibers 291
6.13 Elastic Silicone Rubber Belt 292
6.14 Recycling and Devulcanizing 295
6.15 MobileRobots 296
References 297
Index 301
Acronyms 301
Chemicals 303
General Index 308